• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 파프리카 수확기 개발의 일환으로 엔드이펙터의 정확한 제어를 위하여 스테레오 영상으로 파프리카를 인식하고 인식된 파프리카의 공간 좌표를 획득하기 위하여 영상처리 알고리즘을 개발하고자 하였다. 먼저, 색상 정보를 이용하여 파프리카 영상을 추출하기 위하여 히스토그램 분석을 수행하였고 결과에 따른 임계값을 설정하였다. 임계값에 의해 추출된 파프리카 영역에 대해 스테레오 대응을 수행하기 위해 실험에 사용된 스테레오 영상의 F 행렬을 구하였고 이를 이용하여 에피폴라 선을 구하여 대응을 수행하였다. 대응을 수행 할 때는 색상 영상을 이용하여 강조 마스크와 컨벌루션을 통해 중심 픽셀과 수직, 수평방향 이웃 픽셀에 가중치를 적용하여 강조한 후 최소 자승 오차를 갖는 점을 대응점으로 추출하였다. 추출 된 대응 점간의 거리를 스테레오 영상의 기하학적인 관계를 이용하여 실제 거리를 계산하였고, 계산된 거리(Z)값을 이용하여 수평(X), 수직(Y) 방향 공간 좌표를 획득하였다. 그 결과 수평 방향 오차 평균 5.3mm, 수직 방향 오차 평균 18.8mm, 거리 오차 평균 5.4mm로 나타났으며, 거리 400~450mm 구간과 영상의 모서리 부분의 왜곡이 발생하는 부분에서 오차가 다른 구간에 비해 크게 나타나는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2010

조명반사 문제는 영상 분석에서 흔히 존재하는 문제점이며, 영상 분석에서 필요로 하는 주요 특징들을 검출하는 데 많은 어려움을 야기한다. 특히 이러한 문제점은 야간이나 우천 시에 더욱 두드러지는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 논문에서는 조명 반사에 의해 특징 분석이 어려운 영역에서 조명 반사를 제거하거나 반사되지 않은 상태로 복원하는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 논문에서는 다중 영상에서 획득된 다중 기하정보를 이용한 3차원 공간 분석과 기하학적 접근을 시도한다. 이러한 방법들에서 얻어진 정보들을 바탕으로 조명 반사가 이루어지는 영상들을 조합하여 조명 반사를 제거하는 방법을 제안한다. 조명 반사 영역을 제거하기 위하여 영상 내에서 조명 및 반사영역을 수직 히스토그램의 국부 최대값을 이용하여 추출한다. 이 후, 각 영상 내에서 도로 표면에 해당하는 영역을 추출하기 위해서 필요한 기본 행렬과 상동 관계 행렬을 다중 영상들의 대응점들을 분석하여 계산한다. 이렇게 얻어진 각 영상들의 도로표면을 기준 영상에 배치하여, 양쪽 영상에서 조명 반사가 상대적으로 적은 영역을 선택하는 방법을 취한다. 이러한 과정에 의하여 중복되지 않는 도로표면의 반사는 효과적으로 감소되었으며 도로가 가지고 있는 고유한 정보 또한 손실되지 않았다. 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 실험한 결과는 계산 속도에 비하여 뛰어난 성능을 보여주었으나 기하학적 공통 영역 부분의 복원은 상대적으로 부족한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2011

기내 배양된 Cymbidium속 춘란과 한란의 근경을 대상으로 장기배양에 따른 변이성을 비교하기 위하여 RAPD 분석을 실시하였다. 춘란은 총 151개 DNA 밴드 중 40개의 다형성 밴드가 증폭되어 다형성 비율은 26.4%였으며, 한란은 총 155개 밴드 중 56개의 다형성 밴드가 증폭되어 36.1%의 다형성 비율을 나타내었다. 단순일치 계수(simple-matching coefficient)를 사용하여 유전적 유사도 지수를 분석한 결과, 춘란의 개체간의 유전적 유사도 지수는 0.825~1.00 사이로 평균 0.944였다. 한란의 개체간 유전적 유사도 지수는 0.812~1.00 사이로 평균 0.913이었다. 군집분석결과 춘란은 유전적 유사도 지수 0.841과 0.837에서 1개의 그룹과 유집되지 않는 2개체로 나누어졌으며 한란보다 단순하게 유집되었다. 이와 같이 생장조절제가 첨가된 기내 배지에서 장기간 배양된 Cymbidium 근경은 유전적 다형성을 나타냈으며, 유전적 유사지수도 다소 낮게 나타났다. 이 결과는 추후 여러 가지 변이원을 이용한 자원식물개발과 품종육성의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the workplace, and to suggest the prediction models for level of CVD incidence risk. Background: CVD can be caused by various factors related to personal habits such as diet and exercise, or genetics. However it can also be caused and aggravated by work, making the elimination of such risk factors at work crucial disease (KOSHA, 2013). Method: The distribution of CVD risk assessment levels of 162 workers was compared with the acquired medical examination data to discuss the necessity of assigning additional risk factors. Two alternative risk assessment models were given to enhance the accuracy of the evaluation; adjusting risk scores given in the KOSHA GUIDE H-1-2013 (alternative 1) and building a matrix of KOSHA GUIDE H-1-2013 and risk assessment results based on work condition levels (alternative 2). To verify the suggested models, medical examination results of 12 workers approved of convalescence were referred to. Results: The second alternative showed more relevance between the results and workers approved of convalescence in predicting the risk group when applied to actual heath examination data from the approved workers. The power of description of the new method for determining the risk of CVD incidence, 83.3%, is higher than that of KOSHA GUIDE H-1-2013, 25%. Conclusion: Results of this study imply that more approved workers had been from unmanaged normal groups than managed risk groups, raising the importance of CVD management. Application: The new prediction model considering working time and shift work developed in this study is expected to be a fundamental data for risk analysis and management of CVD in the workplace.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.725-728
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• 2011

Infrared transmission images from GaAs semi insulating wafers were considered for years as directly related to the quantum absorption by electrons on fundamental states of deep centers, especially EL2. The satisfying correspondence of these images with the dislocations revealed by etching or X ray topography or infrared tomography led to the opinion that a strong concentration of EL2 centers was to be expected in the immediate vicinity of the dislocations. More recent work indicates that contrary to the expected behavior the photoqu$\acute{e}$nching of transmission images at T=80K does not appreciably change the image structure itself but more largely the uniform background level of absorption. Such investigations show that the transmission images of isolated dislocations (Indium doped materials) or cell structures of tangled dislocations (undoped materials) can be partly attributed to scattered light; similar operation at T=10K removes the dark features associated to EL2 but still preserves the skeleton of the pattern which is due to scattering. A result of the measurements is that dislocations must not be considered any longer as inexhaustive EL2 reservoirs. The lifetime of the photoqu$\acute{e}$nching mechanism is shown to vary differently for EL2 centers located close to the dislocations or in the matrix. In this paper we will develop the details of infrared image photoqu$\acute{e}$nching experiments in the vicinity of dislocations; undoped and In doped GaAs materials will be shown. These results will be discussed in the light of surface etching experiments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2012

Recently, it has been shown that quantum coherence appears in energy transfers of various photosynthetic lightharvesting complexes at from cryogenic to even room temperatures. Because the photosynthetic systems are inherently complex, these findings have subsequently interested many researchers in the field of both experiment and theory. From the theoretical part, simplified dynamics or semiclassical approaches have been widely used. In these approaches, the quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE) is the fundamental starting point. Toward the semiclassical scheme, approximations are needed to simplify the equations of motion of various degrees of freedom. Here, we have adopted the Poisson bracket mapping equation (PBME) as an approximate form of QCLE and applied it to find the time evolution of the excitation in a photosynthetic complex from marine algae. The benefit of using PBME is its similarity to conventional Hamiltonian dynamics. Through this, we confirmed the coherent population transfer behaviors in short time domain as previously reported with a more accurate but more time-consuming iterative linearized density matrix approach. However, we find that the site populations do not behave according to the Boltzmann law in the long time limit. We also test the effect of adding spurious high frequency vibrations to the spectral density of the bath, and find that their existence does not alter the dynamics to any significant extent as long as the associated reorganization energy is changed not too drastically. This suggests that adopting classical trajectory based ensembles in semiclassical simulations should not influence the coherence dynamics in any practical manner, even though the classical trajectories often yield spurious high frequency vibrational features in the spectral density.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4545-4548
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• 2012

Background: MMP-3 is a proteolytic enzyme of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Protein degradation which is their fundamental action regulates different activities of tumor cell such as their growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis as well as their resistance to the immune system. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine MMP-3 serum levels in patients with OSCC and investigate if they correlate with clinicopathological features. Method and materials: Using an ELISA kit, we assessed and compared the circulating levels of MMP-3 in blood serum of 45 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with 45 healthy control samples. Results: The serum MMP-3 level in OSCC patients was significantly higher ($9.45{\pm}4.6$ ng/ml) than healthy controls ($5.9{\pm}3.6$ ng/ml, p<0.001), especially in females and in older patients. However, there was no apparent correlation in serum MMP-3 concentration with the clinico-pathological features such as tumor location, stage, tumor size, nodal status, distant metastasis, histological grade and smoking. Discussion: This result suggests that the measurement of serum MMP-3 concentration might be helpful to diagnose OSCC but not to predict prognosis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.405-422
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• 2018

In this research, experimental tensile test and manufacturing of carbon nanotube reinforced composite beam (CNTRC) is presented. Also, bending, buckling, and vibration analysis of CNTRC based on various beam theories such as Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko and Reddy beams are considered. At first, the experimental tensile tests are carried out for CNTRC and composite beams in order to obtain mechanical properties and then using Hamilton's principle the governing equations of motion are derived for Euler Bernoulli, Timoshenko and Reddy theories. The results have a good agreement with the obtained results by similar researches and it is shown that adding just two percent of carbon nanotubes increases dimensionless fundamental frequency and critical buckling load as well as decreases transverse deflection of composite beams. Also, the influences of different manufacturing processes such as hand layup and industrial methods using vacuum pump on composite properties are investigated. In these composite beams, glass fibers used in an epoxy matrix and for producing CNTRC, CNTs are applied as reinforcement particles. Applying two percent of CNTs leads to increase the mechanical properties and increases natural frequencies and critical buckling load and decreases deflection. The obtained natural frequencies and critical buckling load by theoretical method are higher than other methods, because there are some inevitable errors in industrial and hand layup method. Also, the minimum deflection occurs for theoretical methods, in bending analysis. In this study, Young's and shear modulli as well as density are obtained by experimental test and have not been used from the results of other researches. Then the theoretical analysis such as bending, buckling and vibration are considered by using the obtained mechanical properties of this research.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

암반 불연속면의 조사 및 분석 과정에서 거쳐야할 필수적인 단계 중 하나는 방대한 불연속면 자료로부터 군을 판별하는 것이다. 불연속면 군 분류는 암반분류, 키블록 해석. 개별요소해석 및 불연속연결망 생성과 같은 암반공학적 업무에 있어서 필수적이다. 일반적으로 등고선도를 이용한 수작업 군 분류가 적용되었으나 이 방법은 수작업에 의존한 주관적인 결과를 제공한다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 유전자알고리즘을 이용한 불연속면 군 분석기법을 도입하였으며 방향성 자료에 적용하기 위해 기본적인 유전자알고리즘을 변경하였다. 최종적으로 이러한 이론을 적용한 FORTRAN 프로그램 GAC를 개발하였으며 두 가지 형태의 불연속면 자료의 군 분석에 적용하였다. 적용 결과 GAC를 적용한 군 분류는 빠르고 효율적인 군 분석방법임을 확인하였으며 최적의 불연속면 군 수를 결정하는 데 있어서 분산에 근거한 적합도 함수가 Davis-Bouldin 지수에 근거한 적합도 함수보다 효율적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1323-1336
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• 2015

Let S be a semigroup with 0 and R be a ring with 1. We extend the definition of the zero-divisor graphs of commutative semigroups to not necessarily commutative semigroups. We define an annihilating-ideal graph of a ring as a special type of zero-divisor graph of a semigroup. We introduce two ways to define the zero-divisor graphs of semigroups. The first definition gives a directed graph ${\Gamma}$(S), and the other definition yields an undirected graph ${\overline{\Gamma}}$(S). It is shown that ${\Gamma}$(S) is not necessarily connected, but ${\overline{\Gamma}}$(S) is always connected and diam$({\overline{\Gamma}}(S)){\leq}3$. For a ring R define a directed graph ${\mathbb{APOG}}(R)$ to be equal to ${\Gamma}({\mathbb{IPO}}(R))$, where ${\mathbb{IPO}}(R)$ is a semigroup consisting of all products of two one-sided ideals of R, and define an undirected graph ${\overline{\mathbb{APOG}}}(R)$ to be equal to ${\overline{\Gamma}}({\mathbb{IPO}}(R))$. We show that R is an Artinian (resp., Noetherian) ring if and only if ${\mathbb{APOG}}(R)$ has DCC (resp., ACC) on some special subset of its vertices. Also, it is shown that ${\overline{\mathbb{APOG}}}(R)$ is a complete graph if and only if either $(D(R))^2=0,R$ is a direct product of two division rings, or R is a local ring with maximal ideal m such that ${\mathbb{IPO}}(R)=\{0,m,m^2,R\}$. Finally, we investigate the diameter and the girth of square matrix rings over commutative rings $M_{n{\times}n}(R)$ where $n{\geq} 2$.