• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to investigate domestic usage amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation to provide fundamental data for establishing job-exposure matrix(JEM) related to farmers treating agricultural insecticide. Materials and Methods: The survey on domestic usage amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation was conducted by two research methods. The first method is to utilize agricultural pesticides published annually from Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA). The second method is to apply cultivation area of vegetable announced officially from Statistics Korea(SK). An estimation of domestic usage amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation through the second method was done by multiplying total cultivation area of vegetable($m^2$) with optimal spray amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation per unit cultivation area of vegetable ($kg/m^2$). Results: As a result of analysis of public data related to insecticide for vegetable cultivation, it was found that its domestic usage amount has decreased gradually from the first sale year(1969) to current year(2012). There is, however, a considerable difference of annual usage trend of insecticide for vegetable cultivation between shipments and estimation. The annual usage trends of insecticide for vegetable cultivation based on regional classification were different from those based on total aspect. Conclusions: The region which used insecticide for vegetable cultivation the most in Korea was Jeolla-do, followed by Gyeonsang-do, Chungcheong-do, Seoul/Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do and Jeju-do. Substantially, mean ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $281{\pm}115%$, which indicates that usage amounts of insecticide estimated by cultivation area are three times lower than those based on shipments.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

Objectives: The principal aim of this study is to investigate and analyze domestic usage amounts of insecticide in rice cultivation in order to provide fundamental data for establishing a job-exposure matrix(JEM) related to farmers working with agricultural insecticides. Materials and Methods: An investigation of domestic usage amounts of insecticides rice cultivation was performed through two methods. The first method utilized information on agricultural pesticides published annually by the Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA). The second method made use of area of cultivation of rice as officially determined by Statistics Korea(SK). An estimation of domestic usage of insecticides in rice cultivation through the second method was determined by multiplying the total cultivation area of rice($m^2$) by the optimal spray volume of insecticides for rice cultivation per unit of cultivation area($kg/m^2$). Results: As a result of the analysis of public data regarding insecticides in rice cultivation, it was found that the domestic usage amount has decreased sharply from the first year of market sales(1969) to the final data year(2012). There is little difference in the annual usage trend of insecticides in rice cultivation between shipment and estimation. Also, the annual usage trends of insecticides in rice cultivation based on regional classification were nearly similar to those based on the overall aspect. Conclusions: The region which used the largest volume of insecticide in rice cultivation in Korea was the Jeolla Provinces, followed by the Gyeonsang Provinces, the Chungcheong Provinces, Seoul/Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province and Jeju Province. Substantially, the mean ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $96{\pm}29%$, which indicates that the domestic usage amount of insecticide for rice cultivation corresponded to the optimal spray standard per unit area.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.496-501
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• 2002

Electrolyte cathode atomic discharge (ELCAD)는 용액 중에 포함된 미량 중금속을 연속 자동적으로 측정하기 위한 새로운 광학 측정기로서 플라스마에 의한 중금속들의 방출 강도를 측정하는 원자방출 분광법의 하나이다. 특히 이 방법은 검액을 전처리하지 않고 직접 분석할 수 있기 때문에 온라인 (on-line) 현장분석이 가능하다. ELCAD에서는 분위기 가스로 공기를 이용하고, 양극부분에 백금 전극을 사용하며, 음극에서는 연속적으로 전해질 시료를 주입하면서 플라스마를 형성하면서 미량의 중금속을 분석할 수 있다. 액상 글로우 방전의 기초 특성 연구로는 철의 원자 방출선 세기를 구한 다음 Einstein-Boltzmann식을 사용하여 플라스마 온도를 구한 다음 구리, 납, 철 및 니켈의 미량 분석 및 간섭 현상에 대해서 연구하였고, 검출 한계를 구하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to estimate domestic usage amount of insecticide for fruit cultivation to suggest job-exposure matrix(JEM) regarding farmers treating agricultural insecticide. Materials and Methods: The domestic usage amount of insecticide for fruit cultivation was investigated according to two research methods. The former method is to use agricultural pesticides published annually from Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA) and the latter method is to apply cultivation area of fruit provided officially from Statistics Korea(SK). Results: It was found that its domestic usage amount has decreased gradually from the first sale to presence(2012). However, there is a significant difference of annual usage trend of insecticide for fruit cultivation between shipments and estimation. The annual usage trends of insecticide for fruit cultivation based on regional classification were different from those based on total aspect. Conclusions: The region which used insecticide for fruit cultivation the most in Korea was as follows: Gyeonsang-do, followed by Jeolla-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeju-do, Seoul/Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do. An averaged ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $980{\pm}186%$, which means that usage amounts of insecticide estimated by shipments are ten times higher than those based on cultivation area.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Runx2 and Osterix, the transcription factors for osteoblast differentiation, are known as fundamental factors to regulate the development of calcified tissues. However, the biological functions of these factors in the development of the periodontal tissues remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Runx2 and Osterix during periodontal tissue development of the mice. Mandibles from 14-day-old mice were prepared for paraffin section. Serial sections of the mandible containing $1^{st}$ molar tooth germs were obtained as a thickness of $7\;{\mu}m$. Some sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Others were used for immunohistochemistry for PCNA, Runx2, and Osterix. Epithelial cells in growing end of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and mesenchymal cells adjacent to the growing end of HERS expressed PCNA. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and hard tissue forming cells like cementoblasts and osteoblasts in early stage of differentiation expressed Runx2. Fully differentiated cementoblasts and osteoblasts secreting matrix proteins expressed Osterix. However, the cells terminated the matrix formation did not express Osterix. Periodontal ligament cells expressed Runx2 and Osterix. Pulp cells expressed Runx2 only. These results suggest that Runx2 and Osterix might regulate the differentiation of cementoblasts in the same manner as osteoblasts. Runx2 might participate in the process of cementoblast differentiation in early stage, whether Osterix might regulate the maturation and matrix synthesis of the cells.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2022

The new social reality emerging amid the global rise of communication links and integration processes acutely emphasizes the problems of communication in large and small social systems. The method of their communication becomes one of the keys to ensuring global security. It has become the mission of humanitarian education to prepare the younger generations for life in a changing world with no image of the future and increasing uncertainty. In psychological and pedagogical research, there is a growing scientific interest in the problems of interaction of the individual with the social environment. The mental trace of a person's practice in society shapes the experience of social interaction, which constitutes simultaneously the source, tool, and condition for the emergence and development of personality. The study outlines the methodological foundations for the study of individual experiences of social interaction. A hypothesis about the productivity of the functional matrix method is tested. Materials for the training of specialists in the humanities include interdisciplinary approaches to the study and transformation of the experience of social interaction and systematic methodology for the study of complex objects. Fundamental to the study is the systematic-dialectical method, and the matrix method is employed as the instrumental-technological method. The paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary overview of scientific literature concerning the essential characteristics and functions of social interaction and the respective experience. The overview points to the fragmented nature of scientific understanding of the elements of experience outside its integrity and systemic properties. Based on the formula "personality interacts with the social environment", the study presents an algorithm for the application of a systematic methodology for the study of complex objects, which made it possible to identify the system parameters of experience at three levels of cognition and develop the reference structural and functional matrices for the didactic system of its pedagogical enrichment.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.443-465
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• 2023

2015 개정 수학과 교육과정에서는 <인공지능 수학> 과목이 신설되었으며, 행렬과 공간벡터 내용은 2015 개정 수학과 교육과정에서 <고급 수학>을 제외하고는 <인공지능 수학>에만 등장하는 일시적이면서도 특별한 상황에 놓여있다. 본 연구는 2015 개정 수학과 교육과정에 따라 5종으로 출판된 <인공지능 수학> 교과서의 자료의 표현, 자료의 분류, 자료의 처리 단원에서 인공지능을 이해하는데 필수적인 수학 개념이자 관련 학습 요소인 행렬과 벡터에 대한 정의와 관련 하위 개념들이 어떻게 구현되고 있는지를 파악하고, 유사한 개념이 다루어지는 타 교과목과의 연결성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 행렬의 경우 기본 개념 제시에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 교과서별로 이미지 자료를 처리하는 데 있어 활용한 행렬의 하부 개념 유형이나 이용한 행렬의 연산에는 다소 차이가 있음이 확인되었다. 벡터의 정의와 하부 개념과 관련된 내용은 교과서별로 상이하였고, 벡터의 활용을 전개하는 데에 있어 벡터의 크기, 두 벡터 사이의 거리나 벡터의 내적에 대한 맥락의 수준 및 수학적인 해석에는 차이가 있었다. 이를 통해 벡터와 관련된 개념을 수학 교과의 연계성에 치중하여 설명한 교과서와 수학적 개념과 원리보다는 인공지능과 관련한 지식 학습에 초점을 맞춘 교과서가 식별되었다. 결과를 바탕으로 교육과정과 교과서 개발을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.2689-2693
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• 2014

The control over microstructure in block copolymer thin films using external electric fields has become an interesting research topic. In this article, the effect of nanoparticle on the microdomain alignments in block copolymer (polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)/nanoparticle (Au) thin films under electric fields has been examined with transmission electron microscopy. The homogeneous dispersion of Au nanoparticles into the block copolymer matrix was achieved by surface modification of nanoparticles with compatible ligands. Compared with the phenomenon seen in the pristine block copolymer thin films, a peculiar alignment behavior was observed in the block copolymer/nanoparticle hybrid thin films under electric fields. In addition, the different pathways observed in the pristine and nanoparticle incorporated block copolymer thin films were also monitored as a function of exposure time. This work can provide the fundamental information for understanding microdomain alignment in block copolymer/nanoparticle thin films under external electric fields.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.585-598
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• 2016

This paper shows that the solutions to the nonlinear perturbed differential system $$y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+{\int_{t_0}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds+h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$$, have bounded properties. To show these properties, we impose conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t_0}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds,h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$, and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y) using the notion of h-stability.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2017

In this paper, we study that the solutions to perturbed differential system $$y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+{{\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_{t_0}}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds+h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$$ have uniformly Lipschitz stability by imposing conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t0}^{t}}g(s,y(s),T_1y(s))ds,h(t,y(t),T_2y(t))$, and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y) using integral inequalities.