• 대한지리학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.15-40
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 지역경제와 산업발전에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 수도권을 대상으로 1997년에 실시된 화물 유동량 조사자료를 이용하여 품목별 화물유동의 공간적 패턴을 도출하고, 그 특성을 파악하는데 있다. 본 연구에서 기능지역을 도출하기 위하여 사용한 분석방법은 인자분석이고. 취급된 품목은 화물유동의 60% 이상을 차지하는 3개 품목. 즉 화학공업품. 경공업품. 금속기계공업품을 대상으로 하였다. 연구대상인 수도권의 분석단위는 36개 존으로 구분하였다. 분석결과 대상품목별로 정도의 타이는 있으나, 화물유동의 공간적 패턴이 지역별로 분산되어 있기보다는 특정지역에 과다하게 집중되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 서울 도착 지향적 특색이 두드러졌다. 유동이 특히 탁월한 지역은 주로 유통시설 분포가 양호한 지역을 중심으로 이루어지지만 일부 그 시설분포가 양호하지 못한 지역도 유동이 탁월한 양상을 보였다. 이는 특정지역을 중심으로 그 시설이 편재되어 있기 때문으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2002

The structural and functional aspects of ervatamin B were studied in solution. Ervatamin B belongs to the $\alpha+\beta$ class of proteins. The intrinsic fluorescence emission maximum of the enzyme was at 350 nm under neutral conditions, and at 355 nm under denaturing conditions. Between pH 1.0-2.5 the enzyme exists in a partially unfolded state with minimum or no tertiary structure, and no proteolytic activity. At still lower pH, the enzyme regains substantial secondary structure, which is predominantly $\beta$-sheet conformation and shows a strong binding to 8-anilino-1-napthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS). In the presence of salt, the enzyme attains a similar state directly from the native state. Under neutral conditions, the enzyme was stable in urea, while the guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) induced equilibrium unfolding was cooperative. The GuHCl induced unfolding transition curves at pH 3.0 and 4.0 were non-coincidental, indicating the presence of intermediates in the unfolding pathway. This was substantiated by strong ANS binding that was observed at low concentrations of GuHCl at both pH 3.0 and 4.0. The urea induced transition curves at pH 3.0 were, however, coincidental, but non-cooperative. This indicates that the different structural units of the enzyme unfold in steps through intermediates. This observation is further supported by two emission maxima in ANS binding assay during urea denaturation. Hence, denaturant induced equilibrium unfolding pathway of ervatamin B, which differs from the acid induced unfolding pathway, is not a simple two-state transition but involves intermediates which probably accumulate at different stages of protein folding and hence adds a new dimension to the unfolding pathway of plant proteases of the papain superfamily.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.508-518
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• 2003

SZ95 cell is an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line that shows the morphologic, phenotypic and functional characteristics of normal human sebocytes. Sebocytes may play crucial parts in the pathophysiologic processes and disorders of the pilosebaceous unit. The secretory activity of the sebaceous gland is remarkably species-specific and acne is an exclusively human disease. Thus, this SZ95 cells offer possibilities for investigations on the physiology of the sebaceous gland and its role in sebum-associated skin disease such as acne. In this study, we investigated the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) and spironolactone, frequently used as therapeutic agents of acne, on the lipid synthesis and proliferation of human sebocytes. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and cytoplasmic lipid droplets was shown by Oil-red a staining. Total lipid levels were biochemically estimated by the sulfo-phospho-vanilline reagent. 13-cis-RA and spironolactone significantly inhibited proliferation and lipid levels in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment with testosterone and 13-cis-RA or spironolactone resulted in a lower total lipid levels than that with androgen alone. These observations indicate that 13-cis-RA and spironolactone are potent inhibitors of both cell proliferation and lipid synthesis in human sebocytes. We will provide experimental evidence that this human sebocyte cell line serves as an adequate tool for evaluating the anti-lipogenic activity of various compounds potentially useful for the bioactive cosmeceutical ingredients on acne skin, and studying the intracellular biochemical markers depending on the types of compounds from various sources.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.397-407
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• 1993

The muscarinic antagonist l-[benzilic-4,4'-$^3H$]quinuclidinyl benzilate([$^3H$]QNB) bound to a single class of muscarinic receptor with high affinity in guinea pig ileal membranes. The $K_{D}$ and B$_{max}$ values for [$^3H$]QNB calculated from analysis of saturation isotherms were 54 pM and 156fmol/mg, respectively. H$_{1}$-blockers inhibited [$^3H$]QNB binding to ileal membranes with $K_{i}$ values ranged from 0.008 $\mu{M}$ to 1.6 $\mu{M}$. The pseudo-Hill coefficients of H$_{1}$-blockers for inhibition of [$^3H$]QNB binding to the ileal membranes were close to unit. The $K_{i}$ values for H$_{1}$-blockers were similar to the $K_{M}$ values calculated by Schild plot of functional data obtained from inhibition of the carbachol-induced contraction in guinea-pig ileum, suggesting that binding of H$_{1}$-blockers vs [$^3H$]QNB in ileal membranes represents an interaction with a receptor of physiological relevance. The $K_{H}$ values of H$_{1}$-blockers for H$_{1}$-receptor estimated from inhibition of the histamine-induced contraction were the range of 0.15 nM to 56.5 nM. The $K_{M}$/K$_{H}$ ratio of H$_{1}$-blockers varied over a wide range of 3 to 2300. Thus, the antihistaminic potencies of H$_{1}$-blockers do not correlate with their antimuscarinic potencies, which suggest that antihistamines have different antimuscarinic potencies in therapeutic blood levels causing similar antiallergic effect. Among 13 traditional antihistaminics examined in this study, drug having the highest and the lowest $K_{M}$/K$_{H}$ ratio is triprolidine and diphenidol, respectively. The present results demonstrate that the antimuscarinic property of antihistamines is not necessary for their antiallergic effect, and data on the affinity of antihistamines for muscarinic and H$_{1}$-receptors can be an important parameter in the selection and evaluation of these drugs.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the compositional elements of plan of art museums by selecting architectural works, which have strong symbolic meaning when evaluating value, from architectural works by Louis Kahn. First, the centrality of artworks, which are being displayed at the Yale Art Gallery, is complex. It includes three patterns of Void (spatial) Centrality+Symbolic Centrality+Functional Centrality among the five patterns suggested in this study. Second, the ratio system of interior space, which is expressed in the extension of the Yale Art Gallery, can be classified into the floor and walls. The floor used the square 1:1 ratio system. The ceiling used the grid patterns of equilateral triangles (regular tetrahedrons). It was applying a geometric ratio system when creating forms by using one side as a beam and the other sides as decorations of the ceiling. Third, the contours of interior space, which were expressed in Kahn's works, used the method of forming separate space according to the contouring rule (structural unit) defined by columns, and they were used in constructing the entire space through the integration of separate spaces. Fourth, according to the characteristics that were expressed by artworks displayed within the Yale Art Gallery Extension, the concept of accessibility was not as clear as that of residential buildings, because an approach of respecting existing architecture and context was used, rather than the starting point of interior space, or differentiated circulation, which has the function of a determined position.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.662-670
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• 1998

심볼레벨에서 개발된 1세대 전문가시스템의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 최근 지식레벨에서 2세대 전문가시스템을 개발하기 위한 여러 가지 방법들이 제안되었으나, 대개 개념적인 모델링 기법을 제시하는 수준에 머무르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 개념적인 모델링 기법이 실용 가능한 개발기법이 될 수 있도록 기존의 연구 내용을 수정, 보완한 태스크 객체 모델링(TOM) 기법을 제시하였다. 이 기법에서 태스크 객체(TO)는 자신의 목표와 수행 조건, 실행할 행위 지식 등을 포함하는 하나의 지식 단위로 정의하고, TO의 구조적, 동적, 기능적 측면을 쉽게 도식화할 수 있는 태스크 객체 다이어그램(TOD)을 정의하였다. 또한, 각 TO의 행위 지식을 표현하는 기본 단위로서 추론유형(Inference Type)들을 정의하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 TOM 기법이 단순히 개념적인 모델링 기법이 아니라 실용적인 2세대 전문가시스템 개발기법으로 활용될 수 있도록 TOD 에디터와 TO 에디터를 개발하고, TO의 상태 변화에 기반을 둔 TO 처리 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 또한, 정의된 추론유형들이 대표적인 전문가시스템 개발도구인 IRE(Intelligent Rules element)의 메소드로 자동 변환 될 수 있도록, 각각의 추론유형과 IRE의 메소드를 1: 1로 대응시킨 추론 유형 라이브러리를 구축하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.193-205
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• 1998

The Urechis unicinctus sperm and spermatogenic cells prepared from the testis are investigated to identify $\alpha-tubulin$ of axoneme microtubules using mouse monoclonal $anti-\alpha-tubulin$ as the first Ab and Gold(10nm) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG as the Ab marker. The Ag-Ab reaction analyzed excellently the localization of $\alpha-tubulin$ and the gold particles incorporated with the proximal and distal centrioles, manchette microtubules, and flagellum. The gold particles can be also observed in the spermatogenic cells while the cells are still in sperm ball which is composed of a somatic cell and spermatogenic cells. The sperm ball is the functional unit of sperm production in U unicinctus testis. The spermatids are developed from the spermatogenic cells in the sperm ball and released into the testis cavity through a cortical cytoplasmic opening. The spermatid architectures are similar with the mature sperm of the testis cavity in aspects of shape of discoid acrosome, degree of nuclear condensation and ring type of mitochondrion. However, the distal centriole connecting with the flagella can be observed from the mature sperm while the both proximal and distal centrioles reveal only in the spermatids. The proximal centriole is directly connected with nuclear outer membrane during the stage of nuclear condensation and oriented perpendicularly to the distal centriole whose axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the spermatozoon. There are indications that the distal centriole is intimately associated with the polymerization of the flagellum. The manchette microtubules appear during spermatid development but the mature sperm have round head and no conspicuous middle piece.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2012

유색보리를 맥주의 원료로 이용하기 위하여 맥아 및 양조 특성을 검정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자색 겉보리, 자색 쌀보리 및 청색 쌀보리의 안토시아닌은 침맥 20시간 후 약 30%, 22% 및 80%가 잔존하였다. 2. 일반적인 제맥 조건으로 제조된 자색보리 맥아는 안토시아닌 성분이 거의 소실되었으나 청색보리는 58% 정도 잔존하였다. 3. 흑색보리는 일반적인 제맥 및 당화 조건에서 색소성분이 손실되지 않았으며, 맥즙의 색도는 종피색의 농담이 아니라 가용성 질소 함량이 많아짐에 따라 진해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 4. 자색과 청색보리 맥아로 제조된 맥주에는 안토시아닌 성분이 존재하지 않았으나, 호품보리 맥아로 만든 맥주보다 색도가 높았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.533-538
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• 2003

It has been shown that ion implantation produces remarkable improvements in surface-sensitive physical and chemical properties as well as other mechanical properties, in polymers. In this study, ion implantation was performed onto polymer, PC(polycarbonate), in order to investigate surface hydrophilic property through contact angle measurement using distilled water. PC was irradiated with N, Ar, Xe ions at the irradiation energy of $20\;{\sim}\;50keV$ and the dose range of $5{\times}10^{15},\;1{\times}10^{16},\;7{\times}10^{16}\;ions/cm^2$. The contact angle of water has been reduced with increasing fluence and ion mass but increased with increasing implanted energy. The changes of chemical and structural property are discussed in view of infrared spectroscopy and FT-IR, XPS, which shows increasing C-O bonding and C-C bonding. The root mean square of surface roughness examined by means of AFM changed smoothly from 0.387nm to 0.207nm and the change of wettability was discussed with respect to elastic and inelastic collisions obtained as results of TRIM simulation. It was found that wettability of the modified PC surface was affected on change of functional group and nuclear stopping or linear energy transfer(LET, energy deposited per unit track length per ion) that causes chain scission by displacing atom from polymer chains, but was not greatly dependant on surface morphology.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.190-193
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• 2004

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is becoming more and more important in the deregulation environment of power pool and there is an urgent need of faster solution technique for on-line application. So this paper presents parallel genetic algorithm-tap search for the solution of the OPF. The control variables modeled unit active power outputs, generator-bus voltage magnitudes and transformer-tap settings. A number of functional operating constraints, such as branch flow limits, load bus boltage magnitude limits and generator reactive capabilities are included as penalties in the fitness function. In parallel GA-TS, GA operators are executed for each process. If best fitness of the GA is not changed for several generations, TS operators are executed for the upper three populations to enhance the local searching capabilities. With migration operation, best string of each node is transferred to the neighboring node after predetermined iterations are executed. For parallel computing, we developed a PC-cluster system consisting of 8 PCs. Each PC employs the 2 GHz Pentium IV CPU and is connected with others through ethernet switch based fast ethernet. To show the usefulness of the proposed method, developed algorithm has been tested and compared on an IEEE 30-bus system in the reference paper. From the simulation results, we can find that the proposed algorithm is efficient for the OPF.