• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was examined the effect of training using a Virtual Reality System on the sitting balance and Activities of Daily Living for patients with a spinal cord injury. Methods: The subjects were divided into an experimental (6 persons) and control group (5 persons). The experimental group trained the 5 programs, three times per week for 6 weeks using the Virtual Reality System and five days for week using conventional physical therapy. The control group trained five days for a week using conventional physical therapy. Results: The difference in the mean Spinal Cord Independence Measurement (SCIM) score in the experimental and control groups was increased to 8.33 and 6.60 (p=0.79), respectively. The difference in the mean functional reaching test in experimental and control group increased to 4.21 and 1.09 (p=0.25), respectively. The difference in the mean sitting time in experimental and control group increased to 41.05 and 10.33 (p=0.66), respectively. There was a difference in the mean of all variances but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that training using the Virtual Reality System increased the SCIM, functional reaching test and sitting time in people with a spinal cord injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pelvic movements-based training on trunk stability and balance during sitting in children with spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: Ten children with spastic cerebral palsy were matched to an intervention (n=5) or control group (n=5). The intervention consisted of two weeks of pelvic movements-based training, five times a week. All participants were evaluated before, during, and after pelvic movements-based training using a trunk impairment scale (TIS) for trunk stability and a modified functional reaching test for balance during sitting. The collected data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows: 1) Significant increases in the TIS score (only dynamic balance) and forward reaching were observed in the experimental group, compared with the control group, after training (P<.05). 2) There were statistically significant time-factor increases within and between the subject' effects, in the TIS score (dynamic balance and total), dominant side, non-dominant side, and forward reaching (P<.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study showed that for children with spastic cerebral palsy, pelvic movements-based training improves trunk stability and balance during sitting. Further studies will be required to determine the long-term effects of pelvic movements-based training.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

Purpose: To determine the effect of Functional movement screen(FMS) of Healthy subjects. Method: 18 subjects were randomly assigned toFunctional movement screen test. To measure functional movement screen(deep squat, hurdle step, in line lunge, shoulder mobility reaching, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push up, rotary stability). Result: FMS scores were deep squat 2.61score, right hurdle step 2.67 score, lift hurdle step 2.83 score, in line lunge 2.83 score, right shoulder mobility 2.67 score, left shoulder mobility 2.61 score, right active straight-leg raise 3.00 score, left active straight-leg raise 3.00 score, trunk stability push up 2.33 score, rotary stability 1.94 score. Conclusion: FMS can improve functional movement in healthy adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

PURPOSE: While underwater, patients with hemiplegia experience unwanted limb flotation on their paretic side due to low muscle mass and high body fat. However, only a limited number of studies support the effectiveness of this practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how the balance and walking abilities of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke were affected by wearing an aquatic cuff on their ankles during underwater treadmill walking. METHODS: Twenty stroke patients were divided into an experimental group comprised of 20 patients who would wear an aquatic cuff and a control group comprised of 10 patients without an aquatic cuff. Both groups underwent a six-week intervention for 30 minutes a day three times a week. To evaluate the groups' balance and walking abilities before and after the intervention, the 10 m walking test, timed up go test, Berg Balance Scale, functional reaching test, and the GAITRite system were used. RESULTS: The results of the 10 m walking test, timed up go test, differences between the left and right gait cycles, and functional reaching test showed statistically significant differences in the rates of change between the two groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that underwater treadmill training in stroke patients can be more effective when they wear an aquatic cuff on their ankles compared to wearing no aquatic cuff.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Purpose : This study aims to examine the changes of muscle activity of the tibialis anterior muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle on the ground and unstable ground for functional reach test. Methods : This study chose 24 elderly men and 24 elderly women who could walk independently, reach their arm over 25 cm, show shoulder joint $90^{\circ}$ flexion, had no operations on lower limb joints, and don't take medication affecting the ability to keep balance. Muscular activity of the tibialis anterior muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle was measured using functional reach test and electromyogram. Functional reach test was conducted at a total of four sections, 0cm, 15cm, 20cm, and 25cm. Results : It was known that the gastrocnemius muscle was used more than the tibialis anterior muscle to keep balance and the elderly with good balance ability showed no great change of muscular activity on both the stable and unstable ground. Conclusion : It was found that the subjects used their gastrocnemius muscle more and lower limbs of frequently used parts to keep their balance. As the elderly have good balance ability, they showed no great change of muscular activity on both the stable and unstable ground.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.391-398
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of gluteal taping on posture and balance during standing in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The subjects of this study were 13 children (six females, seven males; mean aged 8.5) with hemiplegic CP who were gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level I. The change of posture and balance during standing before and after gluteal taping were measured using inclinometer, gross motor function measure, and functional reaching test. The collected data were analyzed using the paired t-test. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows : 1) There were statistically significant decrease in the ant. tilt angle of pelvis after gluteal taping in children with hemiplegic CP (p<.05). 2) There were statistically significant increase in functional reaching test after gluteal taping (p<.05). 3) There was no statistically significant difference in gross motor function measure, but significant increase in one leg standing was observed (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As the above results, we suggest that gluteal taping could be effective on improving body alignment and dynamic balance ability during standing in children with hemiplegic CP. Further studies will be required for the short and long term effects of gluteal taping on improving postural symmetry and balance.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

In order to give pulp surfaces anti-bacterial functionality and photo-catalytic deodorant ability, functional pulps was made using a surface modification method with Ag nano-colloidal solution and $TiO_2$ filler. Hygiene paper was made with the specially modified pulp, and anti-bacterial and deodorant tests were carried out. The Ag nano-colloidal solution was coated on the surface of the pulp using the high pressurized gas phase squirt through the spray nozzle mounted on the hybridization system. The surface modified functional pulp was hybridized with the optimum ratio of $TiO_2$(fine particle) to pulp(core particle) under the condition of $6,000{\sim}10,000$ rpm for $3{\sim}7$ minutes in the system. The anti-bacterial functionality of the hygiene paper was confirmed by the halo test in which the formation of the clear zone around the hygiene paper sample was observed. The inhibition growth test using MIC bioscreen C showed the inhibition growth effect of the bacteria as the reaction time was increased. The photo-catalytic effect measurement of the $TiO_2$ for 4 hours of the reaction showed $50{\sim}60%$ of decomposition rate, reaching over 60% for 5 hours of the reaction.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2009

This study was designed to examine a 3-week modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to the less-affected arm of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) would improve function of the more-affected arm in PD. The subjects were 6 institutional older adults with PD and clients of the social welfare facilities. The subjects (2 men, 4 women) ranged in age from 66 to 90 years (mean age 77.2 yrs). Three clinical tests were used to determine the improvement of functional activity between before and after modified CIMT. The tests included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). There were significantly differences after the modified CIMT for time performance in WMFT and pinch in ARAT (p<.05), No significant difference was noted after the modified CIMT for UPDRS and functional ability scale in WMFT. Therefore, the modified CIMT might improve time performance and is available to therapeutic program helping them improve functional ability for upper extremity in Parkinson's disease.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.492-500
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is localization of safety relief valves fur Nuclear Service through technical development with overall design, fabrication, inspection, capacity certification test and functional qualification test of safety relief valves in accordance with KEPIC MN Code(or ASME Sec.III ). The safely relief valve is the important equipment used to protect the pressure vessel, the steam generator and the other pressure facility from overpressure by discharging the operating medium when the pressure of system is reaching the design pressure of the system. But we're depending on technology of the other country up to the present time. Because we don't have our own technologies, we have been spent the great time and money on installing and repairing safety relief valve at nuclear power plant. Therefore we have to achieve the development of safety relief valves for Nuclear Service with our own technologies.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of action observation training (AOT) on the balance and cognition of the elderly with dementia. Methods: Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 participants each). The 5-week intervention involved 45 minutes sessions, three times a week. Both groups did 30 minutes of general physical exercises, followed by the experimental group watching a 5 minutes video featuring functional movements and imitating them for 10 minutes. The control group watched a scenic video and did functional training for 10 minutes, mimicking the experimental group. All participants were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Functional Reaching Test (FRT), Berg's Balance Scale (BBS), and Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) before and after the intervention. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group change before and after the intervention. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to compare the between-group difference. The statistical significance level was set to p=0.05 for all variables. Results: The experimental group showed significant within-group changes in the TUG test, FRT, BBS, and K-MMSE (p<0.05). The control group showed a significant change in FRT and K-MMSE (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the control group regarding the change in the TUG test, BBS, and K-MMSE after the interventions (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the AOT and repetition of actual movements, led to more significant improvements in balance and cognitive abilities compared to the control group that observed scenic landscapes.