• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to show the effect of elastic band on balance and functional ability in chronic stroke patients living in community. Methods: The subjects who participated in the study were 9 patients with chronic stroke. One of them gave up during the study, finally 8 patients performed. The intervention was conducted once a week for 10 weeks. In this study functional reach test (FRT), timed up and go test (TUG), Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment (Tinetti-POMA) were measured for balance. The coordination training of arms and legs using the elastic band was performed in three positions as supine, side lying, sitting. One arm performed flexion-adduction- external rotation with elbow flexion pattern and the opposite side(diagonal) leg was performed flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern, the other arm's pattern was extension-abduction-internal rotation with elbow extension and the opposite side (diagonal) leg was in extension-abduction-internal rotation with knee extension pattern. The training was performed in each position for 15 minutes in per position. The participants had a five minute break after each training. Results: The results are as follows. FRT and Tinetti-POMA showed significant increase statistically in each position. The TUG showed significant decrease statistically in each position. Conclusion: Even though the coordination training with elastic band had performed once a week, it showed positive effects on balance in chronic stroke patients. Therefore, if we can suggest the appropriate frequencies of coordination training of arms and legs using the elastic band, it can be a method to improve daily life and life quality to patients with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.389-391
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• 1977

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.261-263
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• 1977

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.547-555
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• 2001

This study was performed tn investigate the effects of impression method and design of the retainer on the stress of abutment tooth in distal extension RPD. Three different types of direct retainer such as Akers clasp, RPI clasp, and wrought wire clasp were designed. Stress on the abutment tooth was measured and analyzed with strain gauge method. Impressions were anatomic impression technique and functional impression technique. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. 1. The stress at the abutment tooth on all RPD was decreased in functional impression except RPI clasp retained RPD. 2 The stress at the abutment tooth on RPI clasp retained RPD was the most smallest in anatomic Impression. 3. While load is increase the stress at the abutment tooth was increased, but the change of stress at the buccal side of abutment tooth was not too much in functional impression.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2023

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of functional programming in the Scala language. The main issue is to what extent Scala is able to handle major properties of functional programming such as lambda expression, high-order functions, generic types, algebraic data types, and monads. For this purpose, we implement an interpreter of an imperative language. In this implementation, the same functional programming techniques are applied to both Haskell and Scala languages, and then these two versions of implementations are compared and analyzed. The abstract syntax tree of an imperative language is expressed as algebraic data types with generics and enum classes in Scala, and the state transition of imperative languages is implemented by using state monad. Extension and given, new features of Scala, are used as well.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

In this study, we tried to find the moderating effect as an interaction between brand concept variables and thinking style variables as well as the main effect of each. To this end, the inner wear bradns, CalvinKlein(symbolic concepts) and bodyguard(functional concept), as two parent brands and wallets as an extension product were selected. The results of this study were as follows: (i) Extension evaluation as well as fit judgement based on brand concepts was higher in symbolic brand than functional brand. (ii) The holistic thinkers were higher in fit judgement and expansion evaluation than the analytic ones. (iii) In case of symbolic brand, there was little differences in fit judgement and expansion evaluation between holistic thinkers and analytic thinkers. But In functional brand, there was some differences relatively. So, we found the interaction effect between variables in fit judgement and expansion evaluation. We can expect this research result to be helpful in working out diverse and practical marketing strategies using existing brand concepts in the global market environments.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.468-472
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• 2015

Background : Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) is a deciduous shrub belonging to the Solanaceae. The leaves are used as an alternative raw material replacing dried fruits associated with high production costs in many industires. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of drying temperature on the leaves used in the manufacture of functional products. Methods and Results : The leaves of Chinese matrimony vine were harvested when the plant height reached 60 - 70 cm in the spring and treated at four different temperatures ($40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$). The time to reach the desiccation state of 20% was 63 h at $40^{\circ}C$, 37 h at $50^{\circ}C$, 17 h at $60^{\circ}C$ and 11 h at $70^{\circ}C$. The drying rate per hour was 1.28% at $40^{\circ}C$, 2.25% at $50^{\circ}C$, 4.94% at $60^{\circ}C$ and 7.60% at $70^{\circ}C$. No significant difference were observed in ash, crude fat, polyphenol or rutin content of treated samples. Crude protein and betaine content decreased with higher dry temperatures. Nitrogen free extract of the treated samples increased with higher drying temperatures. Conclusions : Taking into consideration drying time, drying rate, color value, energy consumption and functional ingredients is advantageous to dry the leaves of the Chinese matrimony vine at $60^{\circ}C$ using a hot air agricultural dryer.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1179-1190
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• 2001

Quadratic invariant curve is one of the simplest nonlinear invariant curves and was considered by C. T. Ng and the author in order to study the one-dimensional nonlinear dynamics displayed by a second order delay differential equation with piecewise constant argument. In this paper a functional equation derived from the problem of invariant curves is discussed. Using a different method from what C. T. Ng and the author once used, we define solutions piecewisely and give results in the remaining difficult case left in C. T. Ng and the authors work. A problem of analytic extension given in their work is also answered negatively.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was to present the functional brain mapping of both functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) in a case of schizencephaly. Materials and methods : A 28-year-old man, who had left hemiplegia and schizencephaly in right cerebral hemisphere, was exacted with both functional MRI and TMS. Motor function of left hand was decreased whereas right hand was within normal limit. For functional MRI, gradient-echo echo planar imaging($TR/TE/{\alpha}$=1.2 sec/90 msec/90) was employed. The paradigm of motor task consisted of repetitive self-paseo hand flexion-extension exercises with 1-2 Hz periods. An image set of 10 slices was repetitively acquired with 15 seconds alternating periods of task performance and rest and total 6 cycles (three ON periods and three OFF periods) were performed. In brain mapping, TMS was performed with the round magnetic stimulator (mean diameter; 90mm). The magnetic stimulation was done with 80% of maximal output. The latency and amplitude of motor evoked potential(MEP)s were obtained from both abductor pollicis brevis(APB) muscles. Results : Functional MRI revealed activation of the left primary motor cortex with flexion-extension exercises of healthy right hand. On the other hand, the left primary motor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and left promoter areas were activated with flexion-extension exercises of left hand. In TMS, magnetic evoked potentials were induced in no areas of right cerebral hemisphere, but in 5 areas of left corebral hemisphere from both abductor pollicis brevis. Latency, amplitude, and contour of response of the magnetic evoked potentials in both hands were similar. Conclusion : Functional MRI and TMS in a patient with schizencephaly were successfully used to localize cortical motor function. Ipsilateral motor pathway is thought to be secondary to reinforcement of the corticospinal tract of the ipsilateral motor cortex.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.10
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• pp.1261-1268
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• 2001

Despite of various useful features, functional languages do not provide an efficient way of representing states. To improve expressiveness of functional language, it is required a method representing explicit state without violating of functional semantic properties. In this paper, imperative functional language, $\lambda$st-calculus is designed to represent states without compromising the properties of pure functional languages. And we construct an algorithm to reduce proposed imperative functional language. $\lambda$st-calculus model which is an extension of the $\lambda$-calculus model with explicit state constructor without violating their semantic properties. it improves expressiveness of syntax through a concept of state composition and simplified reduction rules.