• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the analogies used in elementary science textbooks. For this, the analogies were classified into the following criteria : analogy-related contents included in elementary science text-books, types of representation style, and the role of analogy. The results of this study were as follows : the total of analogies was 154 in the 6th and 166 in the 7th curriculum. Most of them were expressed in textbooks and experimental texts. More structural/functional, verbal/pictorial, concrete/concrete, concrete/abstract, simple and enriched analogies were included in the science textbooks of the 7th than those of the 6th. Most of them took the role as an aid to understanding. According to the domain of science content, energy, material, life domains were increased in the 7th than the 6th, with the exception of the earth science domain. The ratio of used analogies in the life domain was higher than the others, and in the material domain it was the lowest. From these results, it can be said that, in order to help students' understanding, further research into the application of analogies is needed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.805-819
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• 2011

In contemporary society, heterotopia is the law dominates thoughts and is the concept reconstituted spaces calls order in chaos. And that is the place which refuses the paradoxical and social custom and sometimes poses a danger and rise in rebel. The purpose of this study is to study how forms of clothing fluid form images are expressed in modern fashion develop body around in the spatial relationship between the body and its environment. The study method consider changed characterastics of fluid space through the heterotopia thinking system of Foucault Michel. Based on this method, the heterotopia space that appeared in the plastic arts in aspects of artistic significance and aesthetic value was examined. Based on the above discussion on modern fashion Fluid Form were expressed in any formative characteristics were considered. The results of this study are as follows. Fluidity is the transformed interaction. It expanded external representation of organic body structure and reconstructed flexible forms of dynamic structures continuously. Transformation is the new space structure. It constructed invisible transformation and developed convertible dress space by combining a variety of functional overlap and fold. Deconstruction was expressed structural forms, expanding the existing forms in the open structure which have ambiguous boundaries.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2009

Concurrent Engineering (CE) has presented new possibilities for successful product development by incorporating various product life-cycle functions from the earlier stage of design. In the product design, geometric representation is vital not only in its traditional role as a means of communicating design information but also in its role as a means of externalizing designer's thought process by visualizing the design product. During the last dozens of years, there has been extraordinary development of computer-aided tools intended to generate, present or communicate 3D models. However, there has not been comparable progress in the development of 3D-CAD systems intended to represent and manipulate a variety of product life-cycle information in a consistent manner. In the previous research, the authors proposed a novel concept called Minus Volume (MV) to incorporate various design information relevant to product life-cycle functions. This paper proposes the use of the MV concept for the collaborative design environment, where many team members are geographically distributed over the networked environment, including Internet, Intranet, WWW, etc. A prototype 3D-CAD system is implemented based on the MV concept and illustrated with the successful implementation of collaborative design example.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the temporo-spatial gait characteristics of healthy young people with those of healthy elderly people. Methods: The data were collected by 40 volunteers. 20 subjects were between 20 and 31 years of age, and 20 subjects were between 65 and 84 years of age. Temporal and spatial parameters of gait were analysed for using the computerized GAITRite system. Results : The system integrates specific components of locomotion to provide a single, numerical representation of gait, the Functional Ambulation Performance score. Differences in gait characteristics between the two groups were examined using a correlated t-test(p<.05). Significant differences were observed between the groups for step length, step/extremity ratio and velocity. Young people demonstrated a significantly larger velocity, step length and step/extremity ratio than the elderly people. Conclusions: These results indicate that the GAITRite system can be useful in detecting footfall patterns and selected time and distance measurements of young and older persons. Additionaly, differences in walking velocity, step length and step/extremity ratio between old and young people may have influenced the gait characteristics measured.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2022

This thesis explores the principle of a performer's organic action by means of his/her bodily responses on stage. This research has been developed to define the nature of a performer's central task in order to constitute empirical understanding of acting and the purpose of training in addressing the question of what sort of qualitative bodily training is necessary to be in a state of the full body involvement. This study investigates to articulate a performer's fundamental task at the most rudimentary level by utilizing those theatre artists' concepts with practical assumptions. In particular, the key terms, happen and change signifies the quality of a performer's body that has to fit into the given environment in which the performer's body can be subordinated through the moment on stage. Here, we argue that a performer's essential task parallel to make the following moment to happen and change by means of progressing a set of the next moment. In this manner, we also argue that a moment of displaying the performer's conscious effort, forceful and externalizing the visible elements under the use of erroneous language leads his/her body not to function on stage, a state of disengagement from his/her body. Finally, we provide a way to facilitate a performer's organic action by focused on his/her lived experience to create the functional moment which is opposite to the predominance of a representation, maintaining the performer's intellectual sense.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2024

Identifying algae in water is important for managing algal blooms which have great impact on drinking water supply systems. There have been various microscopic approaches developed for algae classification. Many of them are based on the morphological features of algae. However, there have seldom been mathematical frameworks for comparing the shape of algae, represented as a planar continuous curve obtained from an image. In this work, we describe a recent framework for computing shape distance between two different algae based on the elastic metric and a novel functional representation called the square root velocity function (SRVF). We further introduce statistical procedures for multiple shapes of algae including computing the sample mean, the sample covariance, and performing the principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the shape distance, we classify six algal species in watersheds experiencing algal blooms, including three cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Oscillatoria, and Anabaena), two diatoms (Fragilaria and Synedra), and one green algae (Pediastrum). We provide and compare the classification performance of various distance-based and model-based methods. We additionally compare elastic shape distance to non-elastic distance using the nearest neighbor classifiers.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

본 연구는 다원화된 현대건축에서 나타나는 현상의 하나인 단일체적(monolithic) 표현 성향의 특성에 관한 것이다. 다양한 건축적 표현 중에서 단일체 건축은 형태적 산만함이나 분열, 이론에 치중한 형태적 복합성의 난해함을 대치하려는 의도로 해석되고, 현시대의 불안정성, 불확정성, 유동성 등이 강조되는 아방가르드적인 건축이론이나 작품경향에 반해 건축의 위상과 자율성 확립을 통한 반발이기도 하다. 이런 단일체 건축은 단순하고 경제적인 구조를 빈틈없는 외피로 감싼 형태적 엄격함을 보여주면서 인식이 용이한 이미지를 구축함으로써 독자적 아이덴티티를 갖춘 형태의 자립형 건축이라 할 수 있다. 외관의 추상적 형태를 이용해 형태묘사적인 아이덴티티를 구축하거나, 크기나 스케일을 과장함으로써 존재감을 강화시키기도 하며, 색, 재료, 마감, 단면형태 등을 이용하여 내부공간과 외부공간을 중재하는 표피를 전략적으로 탐색하기도 한다. 이런 단일체 건축은 오늘날의 다중적이고 불확정적인 상황에서 건축적 아이덴티터를 확립하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 받아들이는 것이 합당할 것이다.

• 인지과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1999

과학 분야의 교육에서 실험이 차지하는 비중은 다른 분야에 비하여 매우 크다. 과학실험은 여러 가지 실험구조요소 선택과 배치 및 적절한 실험 행위에 의하여 어떤 실험 상황이 만들어지고 자연법칙에 의해 상태 변화가 발생하여 실험을 진행하게 된다. 과학자 혹은 학생이 실험을 하면서 그 실험에 대한 인지모델을 내부적으로 구축하고 그 모델을 사용하여 시스템행위에 대한 인과추론을 함으로써 실험을 통해 진리 학습과 탐구를 하게 된다. 2차원 모델과 인과추론에 필요한 본체론 적 엔티티의 표현과 더불어 실험에서의 변화를 유도하는 추론방법을 본 연구에서 제시한다. 구현을 위해 화학영역의 실험을 선택하였고, 실험구성요소 (실험 기구와 시약) 및 물리적, 화학적 자연 법칙 뿐만 아니라, 실험 시스템 구조와 각 실험요소의 기능을 고려한 추상지식까지를 지식표현 대상으로 하고 있는 것이 본 연구의 특징이다. 학생이 임의의 실험을 할 수 있고 실세계와 유사한 현상을 보이는 가상 화학실험실을 개발하여 제안된 방법의 적정성을 확인하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제36C권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 스위치-레벨 회로의 검증(verification)을 위해서 이진 결정 다이어그램(BDD : Binary Decision Diagram)을 구현하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 스위치-레벨에서 기능(function)들은 스위치들의 직$\cdot$병렬 연결에 의해서 결정되며, 결과 논리 값은 논리 '0'과 '1'뿐만 아니라, 초기 상태, 고 임피던스와 불안정 상태를 가진다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 "스위치-레벨 이진 결정 다이어그램(SLBDD : Switch- Level Bianary Decision Diagram)"으로 정의한 비 사이클 그래프(acyclic graph)들을 사용해서 스위치-레벨 회로의 가능들을 표현하도록 BDD를 확장하였다. 그러나, 그래프의 기능적 표현을 최악의 경우 입력 변수들의 수에 지수 함수적이 되므로, 결정 다이어그램의 변수 순서(ordering)는 그래프 크기에 주된 역할을 하게된다. 따라서, 패스-트랜지스터와 도미노-논리가 존재하는 사전에 충전하는 회로(Precharging circuitry)에서 그래프 크기에서의 효율성을 위한 입력 순서 알고리즘을 제안한다. 그리고, 실험 결과는 여러 가지 벤치-마크 회로에서 여러 번의 실험을 통해서 제안된 알고리즘이 스위치-레벨에서의 기능적 시뮬레이션, 전력 측정과 결점 시뮬레이션에 적용될 수 있을 만큼 충분히 효율적임을 보여준다.율적임을 보여준다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.66-80
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• 2013

Nomadism means 'divide share' and 'drift where allocated'. The word to express a variety of modern people without being tied to a fixed time and place, constantly moving to new areas and explore the possibility. The progress of this study, first, to research on the conceptual study of Nomadism through Deleuze's theory of art and to organize Nomadism patterns and design paradigms in modern society. Second is to analyze and investigate cases of Nomadism based on the theoretical background in a way to reinterpret to the contemporary fashion, and to suggest the formative characteristics and inherent expressiveness of Nomadism expressed in modern fashion. Theoretical considerations made through the collection data were select from ready-to-wear women's collections 2005 S/S~2013 S/S presented in 'Style.com'. The results of the analysis of the formative characteristics of Nomadism in the $21^{st}$ century fashion are 'mixed expressions of time space and gender', 'pursuit of diversity through self-dismantling', 'clothing systemization of mobile and deformable' and 'temporary amusement, lightness, an expression of the ride rules'. The inherent expressiveness of Nomadism through these types of figurative representation are 'unbounded fashion', 'multi-center, multi-functional' and 'emotional directivity'. As such, philosophy and artistic trends started Nomadism is harmoniously expressed in terms of the design transcending the boundaries of existing stereotypes.