• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

Purpose - This study analyzed how image affects customer trust and satisfaction in the online shopping mall market, which is becoming more competitive; future implications for customer management in online shopping malls were presented. Consumers visit and prefer a few shopping mall sites instead of many sites. Consumers do not visit sites that cannot provide trust and satisfaction. Therefore, establishing trust and satisfaction with differentiated image is essential for survival and growth. Specifically analyzing company image, shop image, and brand image, I studied how symbolic image, functional image, and empirical image affect satisfaction mediated by trust in the online shopping malls of hypermarket retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - To investigate the relationship between image and satisfaction of big box retailers' shopping malls in the online market, the study is based on analyzed data from questionnaires involving advanced research. From May 1st to 20th in the year 2014, a questionnaire survey targeting university students using big box retailers' shopping malls in Seoul was conducted. A total of 282 questionnaires were conducted, and 276 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis, excluding invalid data. Using the SPSS 21.0 statistics package, factor analysis and regression analysis were implemented, and effects of image on trust and satisfaction were presented. Results - First, symbolic image can affect satisfaction with only trust. Among 3 image factors, symbolic image exerts the most influence on trust; trust is important in coupling the medium to satisfaction. Second, functional image and empirical image affect satisfaction directly and indirectly with trust. Conclusions - As I classified the image of hyper market retailers' online shopping malls into symbolic, functional, and empirical image, I analyzed the effects of image on trust and satisfaction empirically. The results of the study and strategic implications are as follows. First, symbolic image can affect satisfaction with only trust. Among 3 image factors, symbolic image exerts the most influence on trust; trust is important in coupling the medium to satisfaction. The establishment of a distinctive symbolic image, such as the online shopping mall's loyalty, level of awareness, and special service, is needed. With the establishment of symbolic image, trust and satisfaction could be improved. Second, functional image and empirical image affect satisfaction directly and indirectly with trust. Especially, as functional image affects trust more than empirical image, setting and implementing a strategy for empirical image based on the right price, service, and convenience could raise trust and satisfaction. Empirical image affects trust and satisfaction substantially. Even though empirical image's influence on trust is lower than that of other three image factors, empirical image's influence on satisfaction is higher than symbolic image. Therefore, it requires a strategy for providing joyful use, and information research functions and distinctive use experience are important to improve satisfaction. This study analyzed image characteristics of hyper-market retailers' online shopping malls in the fast-growing online market; future strategic implications were presented.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.133-152
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• 2006

The objectives of this study are as follows. First, we try to find out if self-congruity between brand personality and self-image overall has significant influence on the attitude toward brand. Second, we figured out whether functional, experiential, and symbolic values have influence on the attitude toward brand. Third, we figured out if self-congruity between brand personality and self-image has significant influence on a functional, experiential, and symbolic values. Main results are as follows. Consumers tend to prefer certain brand of casual wears in accordance with their cognized brand-personality and self-image. Functional values of Bean-Pole, Hazzys, and Tommy's except Polo have positive influence on attitude toward brand. Experiential and symbolic values of all the four brands have positive influence on attitude toward brand. However, the influences of self-congruity between brand personality and self-image on individual brand varied.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2021

This paper conducted an empirical study to identify the causal relationship of factors affecting the purchase intention of automobiles from the customer's point of view. This study sets the purchase intention as a result variable and constructs a causal model with brand image, product attributes (exdogenous variable), and customer value (endogenous variable) as a cause that affects purchase intention. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the symbolic image of the brand was found to have a very significant effect on customer value (p=0.01), and the external attribute of the product also had a significant effect on customer value (p=0.1). Second, customer value was found to have a very significant effect on purchase intention (p=0.01), and the functional image of the brand also had a significant effect on purchase intention (p=0.1). Third, there is a strong positive (+) correlation between the functional image of the brand and the symbolic image of the brand, the intrinsic attribute of the product, and the external attribute of the product, and also between the symbolic image of the brand and the intrinsic attribute of the product and There was also a positive (+) correlation between extrinsic attributes. Therefore, in order to increase customer value, automobile manufacturing companies have a functional value of products from a customer-oriented perspective. It is judged that every effort should be made to maintain a lasting relationship by grasping the values of customers, which are social values, emotional values, situational values, and cognitive values.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1745-1752
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• 2015

This study provides a framework for understanding the effects of brand image(symbolic and functional) on emotional commitment and behavioral commitment. First, the causal relationships between brand image, emotional commitment and behavioral commitment were examined. Second, the mediating effects of brand trust were also examined. Undergraduate students(N=217) were participated in the survey and the structural equation modeling was utilized for data analysis. The results of this study reveal that both of symbolic and functional brand image are positively related to brand trust. Brand trust also have positive effects on emotional commitment and behavioral commitment. Based on the results, some recommendations for company are discussed and future research directions are outlined.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.510-522
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the brand image of Korean TV news in terms of functional and symbolic attributes, to examine their interrelationships and their effect on audience' viewing intentions. A survey was conducted on 412 evening main news viewers of KBS1, SBS, and JTBC, and factor analysis and regression analysis were used. The results show that TV news brand personality was composed of three dimensions including enterprising, sincerity, and tradition. JTBC showed the highest mean value in terms of enterprising and sincerity over SBS and KBS1, and the lowest in tradition. The symbolic and functional attributes of the TV news brand image are highly correlated. Finally, the viewing intentions were determined in the order of news brand functional benefit, sincerity and enterprising personality factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.125-139
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• 2002

This research was conducted to develop soccer uniform designs for the enforcement of the identity of Korea. Throughout the development of the image of Taeguek and the pattern of tiger on the soccer uniform design, it was tried to show colors and symbolic elements representing Korean traditional themes. The contents of the research cover; first, analysis of historic changes in Korean uniform design for the representative soccer players and uniform designs of the soccer players in other countries; second, analysis of the image of Taeguek and the pattern of tiger; third, analysis of the surveys of professional soccer players; and forth, uniform designs proposed and evaluation. To develope new uniform designs, Taeguek and tiger motives were adopted to express the identity of Korea by looking at the analysis of uniforms in countries including Korea. In an addition, today's fashion trends of active sportswear were analyzed to get the new idea of design. With considering the surveys of the professional soccer players in Korea, the functional designs identifying the Korean image could have come out. As a results of this research new designs of national soccer players' uniform including 4 designs for the motif of Taeguek, 4 designs for the motif of guae, 4 designs for colors of Taeguek, 4 designs for the motif of Tiger were developed, and 2 samples were made. Surveys for evaluation comparing new design & present uniform were progressed. An aesthetic and symbolic aspects of new design were better than present uniform regarding this survey.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to design the ideal student uniform for improving the university image which is related to ideal PR (Public Relations). The results of this study were as follows: Firstly, as for the matter of UIP(University Identity Program), the uniform must transfer the university image. Using the UIP symbol color, the uniform is harmonious with university environment, and should be properly expressed visual image of the university. Secondly, the symbol which expressed the tradition and the spirit of the university was the very important factor to transfer its unique university identity and image of the university in the uniform design. The symbol which comes from the character or textile prints of the university symbolic flower or animals should transfer the consistent and unique design of university identity. Thirdly, the uniform has to be designed considering of the fashion trend as well as the essential factors for the uniform, considering such as functional, beautiful, symbolic aspects. In designing the uniform, fashion trend should be considered to combine the students and the uniform users to be one. As mentioned above, the uniform design which is suggested on this study should be helpful for the improvement of the university status and the reinforcement of the university PR.

• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.98-113
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• 2005

This paper provides comparison and analysis between brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics and general, imported cosmetic brands, focusing on product's symbolic and functional images. The objective is to evaluate brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics to suggest a powerful brand image strategy that will be different and competitive. Data collection was performed on 300 adult women who were over 20 years of age and lived in Seoul or KyongKi area. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 11.5 and frequency analysis, T-Test and $X^2$ verification was also performed. Analysis results for brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics are as follows. First, satisfaction scale as a purchase feature for users of Korean herbal cosmetics were 'Normal' 51.5%, 'Satisfactory' 35.1%, 'Very Satisfactory' 8.2% and 'Unsatisfactory' 5.2%. Regarding improvements, 'Efficacy, Effect' was the highest with 46%. Second, 'SEOLHWASOO' and 'BAEKOKSENG' among Korean herbal cosmetic brands, 'IOPE' and 'ISA KNOX' among general cosmetic brands and 'LANCOME' and 'CHANEL' among imported cosmetic brands displayed high recognition. Third, the symbolic and functional images of Korean herbal cosmetic brands were seen to be better compared to their general and imported counterparts. Especially, product related features of Korean herbal cosmetic brands received a more positive response compared to imported brands, which suggests that with research and improvement regarding non-product related features, functional images of herbal brands may be appraised ahead of imported brands. Fourth, there is a significant difference in brand preference according to the satisfaction of groups who actually use herbal cosmetics and the purchasing attitudes of groups who do not. Therefore, an active relationship marketing strategy is required to maximize satisfaction and to elicit favorable attitudes. By developing functional native ingredients, constructing data that can prove its efficacy and effects, and appealing its unique, differentiated symbolic value together with Orientalism, herbal medicines will be able to take off to be acknowledged worldwide.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between ESG activities (Environment, Social, Governance) of coffee shops and their brand image, purchase intention. Research design, data and methodology: To test the hypothesis, a survey was conducted for about one month from May to June, 2021, and a total of 311 people responded to the survey, and the responses from 311 copies were used for the analysis. Validity and reliability analysis were performed, and the relationship between latent variables was empirically analyzed using the structural equation modelling. Results: The results of the study are as follows. First, among the ESG activities of coffee shops, the environmental and social sectors had a significant positive (+) effect on the brand image, but the governance aspect showed no significant effect on the brand image. Second, it was found that the symbolic image and the empirical image had a significant positive (+) effect on the purchase intention, but the functional image did not have a significant effect on the purchase intention. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that as the number of coffee shops and the heated competition are increasing, it is possible to build a differentiated brand image through ESG activities rather than relying on the functions and services of competing products.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.491-513
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• 2005

The Republic of Korea is planning to build the now Multi-functional Administrative city (NMAC). The purpose of this paper is to suggest the conceptual framework for this new city that relies on the Korean geomancy, oriental viewpoint on man and nature relationship, particularly in Korea. According to the Geomancy which could conceptualize the human-environment relationship in the site, the overall landscape image of the city could be symbolized by two flying crane with three Taegueks. In transforming the overall landscape image to urban form, two diamonds which means eternity and strength arises from the western spatial viewpoint, as means to protect and harmonize the human, land and mountain relationship in this site and the symbolic meaning of this site as generative and sacred place in Korean people's mind. On the one hand, through juxtaposing of the two diamonds a geometric structure shows up, on the other hand the main axis of the city could be established from two crane and three Taegueks. On the North-South axis from the core of the symbolic green axis, symbolic things will be located, and the administrative offices will be Placed on the East-West axis. Peripherals of the central axis also play a role in developing overall land use from image. The buildings and residents could be arranged and located according to undulations and this is based on the oriental theory of geomancy. We can build cultural amenities on the head part of the crane and on the core area.