• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the surgical results of early mobilization after rigid fixation of small coronoid fracture using the tension band technique Materials and Methods: Eight cases of coronoid fracture were fixed with the tension band technique and using K-wire and wire through the medial approach. All the cases were Regan-Morrey type 2. According to O'Driscoll, they were classified as 5 cases of the tip type (subtype 2) and 3 cases of the anteromedial type (1 case of subtype 2, and 2 case of subtype 3). The associated collateral ligament injuries (6 cases) and radial head/neck fractures (4 cases) were managed simultaneously. After immobilization for 5~7 days, active ROM exercise with a fitted hinge brace started and continued till postoperative 6 weeks. The patients were assessed for pain, ROM and functional disability using the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) at an average of 11 months (range: 6~28 months). The ulnar nerve symptoms were also investigated. Results: We observed solid union in all the coronoid fractures without hardware failure. An average of 2.2 wires (range: 2~4) were used. The mean extension was $3^{\circ}$(range: $0^{\circ}\sim25^{\circ}$), the mean flexion was $137^{\circ}$(range: $130^{\circ}\sim140^{\circ}$), the mean pronation was $69^{\circ}$(range: $45^{\circ}\sim90^{\circ}$) and the mean supination was $78^{\circ}$(range: $45^{\circ}\sim90^{\circ}$). The mean MEPS was 96 (range: 65~100). Ulnar nerve symptoms occurred at postoperative one day and persisted in one patient with the terrible triad of taking radial head excision and residual medial instability. Conclusion: The tension band technique uses easily obtained, economic K-wires and the wire was strong enough to permit early elbow ROM exercise and the technique might improve the elbow function. It was especially useful for fixation of multiple small fragments.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.373-382
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to predict VO₂max with body index and submaximal metabolic responses. The subjects are consisted of 250 male aging from 18 to 34 and we separated them into two groups randomly; 179 for a sample, 71 for a cross-validation group. They went through maximal exercise testing with Bruce protocol, and we measured the metabolic responses in the end of the first(3 minute) and second stage(6 minute). To predict VO₂max, we applied multiple regression analysis to the sample with stepwise method. Model 1's variables are weight, 6 minute HR and 6 minute VO₂(R=0.64, SEE=4.74, CV=11.7%, p<.01), and the equation is VO₂max(ml/kg/min)= 72.256-0.340(Weight)-0.220(6minHR)+0.013(6minVO₂). Model 2's variables are weight, 6 minute HR, 6 minute VO₂, and 6 minute VCO₂(R=0.67, SEE=4.59, CV=11.3%, p<.01), and the equation is VO₂max(ml/kg/min)= 68.699-0.277(Weight) -0.206(6minHR)+0.020(6minVO₂)-0.009(6minVCO₂). And the result did not show multicolinearity for both models. Model 2 demonstrated more correlation compared to Model 1. However, when we conducted cross-validation of those models with 71 men, measured VO₂max and estimated VO₂ Max had statistical significance with correlation (R=0.53, 0.56, P<.01). Although both models are functional with validity considering their simplicity and utility, Model 2 has more accuracy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

Interstitial lung disease refers to a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation of the interstitium, derangements and loss of alveolar capillary units leading to disruption of alveolar gas exchange, which induces symptoms of restrictive lung disease. Cases of interstitial pneumonia in children are uncommon and mostly have unknown causes. We have experienced an 8-year old boy who had symptoms of cyanosis, dry cough, dyspnea and abrupt weight loss. He had not been exposed to organic dusts, allergens or any other systemic disease infections. Chest radiology showed diffuse ground glass opacity in both lung fields. High resolution computed tomography(HRCT) showed multiple small patchy areas of consolidation with an underlying ground glass appearance in both lungs. The pathologic findings of lung biopsy tissue showed patchy areas of interstitial fibrosis, alveolar obliteration and nodular fibrotic areas, strongly suggesting interstitial pneumonia. No specific finding of viral inclusion or any other evidence of infection was found under electromicroscopy. We used peak flow meters to compare functional improvement. Forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) was decreased to 25 percent of predicted value. The boy was given treatment with prednisone and showed improvements in HRCT findings after two months. He was able to tolerate easy exercise in school and showed clinical improvements after one year of follow up.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.388-397
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• 2008

The present study was performed to evaluate the function of the mandible according to the pattern of fracture and treatment methods of condylar fractures of the mandible and help operators in making a treatment plan. Sixty patients (average follow-up period was $7.8{\pm}9.4$ months) who were treated for condylar fracture from June, 2002 to May, 2006 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital were reviewed. The common causes of the condylar fracture were traffic accident and fall-down (35.0%). In concomitant injuries, laceration was 46.7% and the fracture of the mandibular symphysis was highest incidence (60.0%). The common site of the fracture was the condylar head (47.8%), followed by subcondyle (36.2%) and condylar neck (15.9%). Under 15 years old patients, the closed reduction was performed in 87.5% out of the patients. All of the condylar fragments were fixed to the mandible with titanium miniplates in cases of open reduction. The mean period of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) was $14.2{\pm}6.5$ days in closed reduction and $10.0{\pm}4.2$ days in open reduction. The old patient with bilateral condylar head fractures, who were treated by closed reduction with IMF for 3 weeks, showed the limitation of mandibular movements. But, there was no significant different results between open reduction and closed reduction with the respect of the Helkimo's mandibular mobility index and clinical dysfunction index (DI). Complications, such as fibrous ankylosis and resorption of the mandibular condyle, were not observed in all patients. These results suggest that the good results can be obtained by closed reduction with proper IMF periods and functional exercise in most condylar fractures of the mandible except severely displaced extracapsular fractures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 1997

79 surgically managed mandibular condylar fracture patients included the 25 patients treated with Dr, Nam's method were analysed the postoperative resluts in Oral and Maxillofcial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University since 1993 to 1995. Mean patient's age is 32.5 years (range, 8 to 65 years), and follow-up periods were a minimum of 3 months to 28 months. 19% condylar fractures were associated with mostly symphysis portion. According to the patient's age, severity of condylar fractures, clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic findings, treatmenet plans had been performed. Rigid fixation have performed greatly, and then fragment removal of fractured mesial pole of proximal segment of the condylar and little cases of reshaping and eminoplasty and lag screw have been applied. Two cases of the both condylar resorption and deviated condyle posteriorly in Dr. Nam's method. None of infection or necrosis signs of treated condyle surgically. In my opinion, whenever possible, displaced condylar fracture can be managed surgically with rigid fixation, but not Dr. Nam's method. Usually if perform the surgical management of condylar fractures you should maintain maxillomandibular fixation for 2 weeks, or more and has to follow-up functional mandibular exercise should be kept continuously.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 장애물 높이에 따른 상지 팔운동 제한이 스텝안정화(stabilization step)에 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 대학생 남자 14명, 여자 16명으로 총 30명이였으며, 평균 연령은 21.5세이었다. 스텝 안정화는 FASTEX(functional activity System for testing and exercise, Cybex Division of Lumex, Inc., USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 장애물의 조건은 1) 장애물이 없는 조건 2) 15 cm 장애물 3) 25 cm 장애물이었고, 팔 운동의 제한 조건은 1) 팔운동을 제한하지 않은 조건 2) 우세 팔의 운동 제한 3) 양쪽 팔을 모두 제한하는 3개의 조건에서 스텝 안정화 시간을 측정하였다. 장애물 요인과 팔운동 제한 요인간에 안정화 시간(stabilization time)의 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 반복이 있는 2요인 분산분석을 실시하였고, 남녀간에 안정화 시간에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 t-검정을 실시하였다. 장애물이 없는 조건에서 양팔의 운동을 제한하지 않고 측정한 안정화 시간의 평균은 0.89초이었고, 건측의 상지운동을 제한한 상태에서의 평균은 0.88초이었으며, 양쪽 팔의 운동을 모두 제한했을 때의 평균은 0.84초이었다. 15 cm의 장애물이 있는 조건에서 양팔의 운동을 제한하지 않고 측정한 안정화 시간은 평균 0.98초이었고, 건측의 상지운동을 제한한 상태에서의 펑균은 1.00초이었으며, 양쪽 팔의 운동을 모두 제한했을 때의 평균은 1.14초이었다. 25 cm의 장애물이 있는 조건에서 양팔의 운동을 제한하지 않고 측정한 안정화 시간은 평균 1.09초이었고, 건측의 상지운동을 제한한 상태에서의 평균은 1.28초이었으며, 양쪽 팔의 운동을 모두 제한했을 때의 평균은 1.57초이었다. 남녀간의 스텝 안정화 시간에 차이가 있는지 알아본 결과 각각의 조건에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 장애물과 팔운동 제한 조건에 따른 스텝 안정화 시간의 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 반복이 있는 2요인 분산분석을 실시한 결과, 장애물의 높이에 따라 스텝 안정화 시간에는 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), 15 cm, 25 cm 장애물 조건에서는 팔운동 제한 조건에 따른 스텝 안정화 시간에도 유의한 차이가 있었지만(p<0.05), 장애물이 없는 조건에서는 팔운동 제한에 따른 안정화 시간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 보행중 장애물을 넘고, 한발로 기립하여 안정성을 유지할 때 팔의 운동이 스텝 안정성에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알았고, 이러한 결과는 한팔 또는 두 팔을 사용할 수 없는 편마비환자나 상지 절단환자의 균형 평가나 치료시 고려되어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.7-17
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• 2020

This study investigated the differences in skin-related habits and skin health behavior according to the gender in college students. The questionnaire surveyed four category on general characteristics, skin-related habits, cosmetic use, and skin care habits. As a result, there were significant differences between gender in smoking(χ²=19.58, p=0.000) and exercise(χ²=17.59, p=0.001) habits. In all categories of cosmetics use, there were significant differences between gender. But both male and female college students were the highest in the 'Not used' and 'Less than once a week" in functional cosmetics, essence, nutritional cream, eye cream, mask pack and deep cleansing items. whereas, there were significant differences between gender in use of sun cream(χ²=31.20, p=0.000). The results of this study showed there were differences in gender according to the survey items. However, female college students were overall better than male college students in skin care.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the important risk factors for reduced bone mass of postmenopausal RA patients and to develop discriminant function which can classify postmenopausal RA patients with either reduced or normal bone mass. Through the literature review, individual characteristics such as age, body weight, height, age of menarche, duration of menopause, gravity, parity, and breast feeding period and factors of life style such as milk consumption exercise habit, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, coffee consumpt ion , disease activity, corticosteroid therapy were identified as influencing factors of reduced bone mass in RA patients Sixty eight postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis aged between 42 and 76 were selected among those who checked bone mineral density in lumbar spine and femur from october, 1998 to Apr il, 1999 at Dong-a university hospital in Pusan. Assessment of disease activity, duration of disease and corticosteroid therapy were made by the same rheumatologist and included Ritchie articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein on measuring bone mineral density. Cumulative steroid dosage was calculated from the daily dosage multiplied by t h e number of days received. The information of other risk factor including health assessment score, individual characteristics and life style factors were collected by questionnaire. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured using DXA at lumbar spine and femoral Ward's triangle. Discriminant function(regression equation) was developed for estimating the likelihood of the presence or absence of reduced bone mass. The results are as follows: Among the subjects, thirteen(19.1%) exhibited osteoporosis in lumbar spine and twenty four(35.3%) exhibited osteoporosis in femoral Ward's triangle. For lumbar spine, the variables significant were age, body weight, health assessment score, while for femoral Ward's triangle, age, body weight, duration of disease. But disease activity and corticosteroid therapy were not signigicant to distinguish reduced bone mass from normal bone mass. When the discriminant function was evaluated by comparing the observed out come with predicted out come, the discriminant function correctly classified 85.4% of patients with reduce bone mass and 63.0% of patients with normal bone mass in the lumbar spine and 100% of patients with reduced bone mass and 9.1% of patients with normal bone mass in the femoral Ward's triangle. In summary, we found that osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with RA is more evident at the femur than the lumbar spine. Also the important discriminant factors of reduced bone mass postmenopausal women with RA were age, body weight , duration of disease and health disability. In nursing situation, the efforts to improve of functional capacity of postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis should be considered to prevent osteoporosis and fractures. Also we recommend those postmenopausal women with RA who are classified as a group of the reduced bone mass in the discriminant function should examine the bone mineral density to further examine the usefulness of this discriminant function.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.270-278
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare acute and chronic LBP patient in twenties and forties, respectively by size measure paraspinal muscle (cross-sectional area; CSA). CSA of paraspinal muscle (psoas, multifidus, erector muscle) size was measured by free-handling technique of the picture archiving and communication system(PACS) using MRI at the level(lower end-plate of L4) in twenties(9 males, 10 females) and forties(9 males, 8 females) in acute and chronic LBP patient. The results of this study showed no significantly difference between acute and chronic LBP (p>0.05) in twenties patients. However, there was significant difference between acute and chronic LBP (p<0.05) in forties patients. Also, there was significant difference in paraspinal muscle CSA between chronic LBP patients in twenties and chronic LBP patients in forties (p<0.05). This study showed that paraspinal muscle atrophy was observed in forties with various cause, but Not chronic LBP patients in twenties. Accordingly it is required for chronic LBP patients in forties to minimize trunk muscle atrophy through immediate back muscle dynamic exercise and early functional activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.528-533
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• 2004

The immune system acts to protect the host from infectious agents that exist in the environment and from other noxious insults. The immune system has two functional divisions: the innate and the acquired. Both components involve various factors such as cytokines. A number of methodologies exist to assess aspects of immune function. There are large inter-individual variations in many immune functions even among the healthy. Genetics, age, gender, smoking habits, habitual levels of exercise, alcohol consumption, diet, stage in the female menstrual cycle, stress, history of infections and vaccinations, and early life experiences are likely to be important contributors to the observed variation. While it is clear that individuals with immune responses significantly below 'normal' are more susceptible to infectious agents and exhibit increased infectious morbidity and mortality, it is not clear how the variation in immune function among healthy individuals relates to variation in susceptibility to infection. Oriental medicine is an important factor contributing to immune competence. The author investigated the immune enhancement effects of Bojungikkitanggami-bang (BITB). The forced swimming test (FST) has been used as a screening model for new immune enhancement agents. In the present study, the author investigated the effects of BITB on FST and blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue, glucose (Glc); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); creatinine; and total protein (TP). The author found that BITB (1 g/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST compared to the control. In addition, the contents of Glc, LDH, BUN, TP in the blood serum were increased in BITB (1g/kg)-fed group. Also, the author investigated the effects of BITB on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells. BITB (1 mg/ml) significantly increased the interferon (IFN)-vproduction compared with media control (about 2.2-fold for IFN-γ) at 24 h. However, BITB has not affect the production of IL-2 and IL-4. In addition, BITB increased the protein expression level of IFN-γ in MOLT-4 cells. Thus, BITB may have therapeutic value in generating or enhancing immune function in a clinical setting.