• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2010

With the completion of genome sequencing of several organisms, attention has been focused to determine the function and functional network of proteins by proteome analysis. The recent techniques of proteomics have been advanced quickly so that the high-throughput and systematic analyses of cellular proteins are enabled in combination with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, the development of proteomic techniques helps to elucidate the functions of proteins under stress or diseased condition, resulting in the discovery of biomarkers responsible for the biological stimuli. Ultimate goal of proteomics orients toward the entire proteome of life, subcellular localization, biochemical activities, and their regulation. Comprehensive analysis strategies of proteomics can be classified as three categories: (i) protein separation by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) or liquid chromatography (LC), (ii) protein identification by either Edman sequencing or mass spectrometry (MS), and (iii) quanitation of proteome. Currently MS-based proteomics turns shiftly from qualitative proteome analysis by 2-DE or 2D-LC coupled with off-line matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and on-line electrospray ionization (ESI) MS, respectively, to quantitative proteome analysis. Some new techniques which include top-down mass spectrometry and tandem affinity purification have emerged. The in vitro quantitative proteomic techniques include differential gel electrophoresis with fluorescence dyes, protein-labeling tagging with isotope-coded affinity tag, and peptide-labeling tagging with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. In addition, stable isotope labeled amino acid can be in vivo labeled into live culture cells through metabolic incorporation. MS-based proteomics extends to detect the phosphopeptide mapping of biologically crucial protein known as one of post-translational modification. These complementary proteomic techniques contribute to not only the understanding of basic biological function but also the application to the applied sciences for industry.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2000

목재는 2-메타크릴로일옥시에틸 이소시아네이트(MOI)와 $50-60^{\circ}C$에서 촉매존재하에서 매우 쉽게 반응하였다. 적외선 분광분석을 통하여, 목재가 MOI와 우레탄결합($1715cm^{-1}$)를 형성하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 올레핀구조의 탄소간 이중결합 ($1635cm^{-1}$)이 존재하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 도입된 메타크릴산기는 다른 비닐모노머와의 그래프트공중합시 반응시점으로 작용할 것이다. 또한 MOI처리목재는, MOI와의 반응에 의해 친수성이던 목재의 표면이 소수화되어 접촉각이 증대되는 결과를 낳았다. X선광전자분광분석(XPS)의 결과, 목재의 표면부위의 대부분은 MOI에 의해 개질되었음을 밝혀졌다.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2005년도 국제학술심포지움 The 44th Annual Meeting of Korean Society for Life Science
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• pp.23-36
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• 2005

Bax, a mammalian pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, induces cell death when expressed In yeast. To investigate whether .Bax expression can induce cell death in plant, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants that contained murine Bax cDNA under control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Transgenic plants treated with dexamethasone, a strong synthetic glucocorticoid, induced Bax accumulation and cell death, suggesting that some elements of cell death mechanism by Bax may be conserved among various orgarusms. Therefore, we developed novel yeast genetic system, and cloned several Plant Bax Inhibitors (PBIs). Here, we report the function of two PBIs In detail. PBIl is ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX). Fluorescence method of dihydrorhodamine123 oxidation revealed that expression of Bax in yeast cells generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and which was greatly reduced by co-expression with sAPX. These results suggest that sAPX inhibits the generation of ROS by Bax, which in turn suppresses Bax-induced cell death in yeast. PBI2 encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). ROS stress strongly induces the expression of the NDPK2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtNDPK2). Transgenic plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 have lower lovels of ROS than wildtype plants. Mutants lacking AtNDPK2 had higher levels of ROS than wildtype. H$_{2O2}$ treatment induced the phosphorylation of two endogenous proteins whose molecular weights suggested they are AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. In the absence of H2O2 treatment, phosphorylation of these proteins was slightly elevated in plants overexpressing AtNDPK2 but markedly decreased In the AtNDPK2 deletion mutant. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein pull-down assays revealed that AtNDPK2 specifically interacts with AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. Furthermore, AtNDPK2 also enhances the MBP phosphorylation activity of AtMPK3 i'n vitro. Finally, constitutive overexpression of AtNDPK2 in Arabidopsis plants conferred an enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses that elicit ROS accumulation In situ. Thus, AtNDPK2 appears to play a novel regulatory role in H2O2-mediated MAPK signaling in plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.552-562
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• 2016

Pathogenesis-related proteins play multiple roles in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we characterize a rice defense related gene named "jasmonic acid inducible pathogenesis-related class 10" (JIOsPR10) to gain an insight into its functional properties. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed up-regulation of JIOsPR10 under salt and drought stress conditions. Constitutive over-expression JIOsPR10 in rice promoted shoot and root development in transgenic plants, however, their productivity was unaltered. Further experiments exhibited that the transgenic plants showed reduced susceptibility to rice blast fungus, and enhanced salt and drought stress tolerance as compared to the wild type. A comparative proteomic profiling of wild type and transgenic plants showed that overexpression of JIOsPR10 led to the differential modulation of several proteins mainly related with oxidative stresses, carbohydrate metabolism, and plant defense. Taken together, our findings suggest that JIOsPR10 plays important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance probably by activation of stress related proteins.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2014

Codonopsis lanceolata has been used as an herbal medicine for several lung inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. Previously, we showed the neuroprotective effect of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, the treatment of HT22 cells with SFC decreased glutamate-induced cell death, suggesting that SFC protected HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Based on these, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of SFC by measuring the oxidative stress parameters and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in HT22 cells. SFC reduced contents of ROS, $Ca^{2+}$ and NO. Moreover, SFC restored contents of glutathione and glutathione reductase as well as inhibited Bax and caspase-3 activity in HT22 cells. These results indicate that steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) extract protected HT22 cells by anti-oxidative effect and inhibition of the expression of Bax and caspase-3.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.290-294
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• 2001

삼백초주 제조중 기능성 성분의 이행성 정도를 측정하고자, 증자백미를 기준으로 개량누룩 5%, 양조용수 120%, 삼백초 건엽 분말 2% 또는 건근분말 5%를 첨가하여 삼백초주를 제조하였고, 발효기간에 따른 페놀성 화합물의 함량 변화를 조사하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 삼백초주의 total phenolics, flavonoid phenolics 및 quercetin 관련물질의 함량은 발효기간이 경과할수록 많았다. 2. 삼백초주의 total phenolics와 flavonoid phenolics 함량은 잎삼백초주에서 각각 ${762.5{\sim}1,054.7mg/l}$와 ${387.8{\sim}537.2mg/l}$, 뿌리삼백초주는 각각 ${608.4{\sim}928.8\;mg/l}$와 ${329.5{\sim}481.7\;mg/l}$로 잎삼백초주에서 높았다. 3. Quecetin 함량은 잎삼백초주에서는 ${3.5{\sim}3.8mg/l}$로 발효기간 간에 차이가 미미하였으며, 뿌리 삼백초주에서는 검출되지 않았다. Quercetin 관련 물질의 총함량은 잎삼백초주에서 ${72.3{\sim}84.2\;mg/l}$, 뿌리삼백초주 ${21.6{\sim}32.2\;mg/l}$로 잎삼백초주에서 높았다. 4. 뿌리삼백초주에 비하여 잎삼백초주에서 total phenolics, flavonoid phenolics 및 quercetin 관련물질의 함량이 현저히 높아 잎을 이용하여 삼백초주를 제조하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2008

Invertase (${\beta}$-D-fructofuranosidase; EC 3.2.1.26) catalyzes the conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose and is involved in an array of important processes, including phloem unloading, carbon partitioning, the response to pathogens, and the control of cell differentiation and development. Its importance may have caused the invertases to evolve into a multigene family whose members are regulated by a variety of different mechanisms, such as pH, sucrose levels, and inhibitor proteins. Although putative invertase inhibitors in the Arabidopsis genome are easy to locate, few studies have been conducted to elucidate their individual functions in vivo in plant growth and development because of their high redundancy. In this study we assessed the functional role of the putative invertase inhibitors in Arabidopsis by generating transgenic plants harboring a putative invertase inhibitor gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. A transgenic plant that expressed high levels of the putative invertase inhibitor transcript when grown under normal conditions was chosen for the current study. To our surprise, the stability of the invertase inhibitor transcripts was shown to be down-regulated by the phytohormone ABA (abscisic acid). It is well established that ABA enhances invertase activity in vivo but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Our results thus suggest that one way ABA regulates invertase activity is by down-regulating its inhibitor.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.217-217
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• 2011

Recently, demand for thermally stable metal nanoparticles suitable for chemical reactions at high temperatures has increased to the point to require a solution to nanoparticle coalescence. Thermal stability of metal nanoparticles can be achieved by adopting core-shell models and encapsulating supported metal nanoparticles with mesoporous oxides [1,2]. However, to understand the role of metal-support interactions on catalytic activity and for surface analysis of complex structures, we developed a novel catalyst design by coating an ultra-thin layer of titania on Pt supported silica ($SiO_2/Pt@TiO_2$). This structure provides higher metal dispersion (~52% Pt/silica), high thermal stability (~600$^{\circ}C$) and maximization of the interaction between Pt and titania. The high thermal stability of $SiO_2/Pt@TiO_2$ enabled the investigation of CO oxidation studies at high temperatures, including ignition behavior, which is otherwise not possible on bare Pt nanoparticles due to sintering [3]. It was found that this hybrid catalyst exhibited a lower activation energy for CO oxidation because of the metal-support interaction. The concept of an ultra-thin active metal oxide coating on supported nanoparticles opens-up new avenues for synthesis of various hybrid nanocatalysts with combinations of different metals and oxides to investigate important model reactions at high-temperatures and in industrial reactions.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.314-314
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• 2012

The dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) have been developed to multi-functional electro-magnetic devices. Specially, the Si based DMS formed by ion implantation have strong advantages to improve magnetic properties because of the controllable effects of carrier concentration on ferromagnetism. In this study, we investigated the deep level states of Fe- and Co-ions implanted Si wafer during rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. The p-type Si (100) wafers with hole concentration of $1{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$ were uniformly implanted by Fe and Co ions at a dose of $1{\times}10^{16}cm^{-2}$ with an energy of 60 keV. After RTA process at temperature ranges of $500{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ for 5 min in nitrogen ambient, the Au electrodes with thickness of 100 nm were deposited to fabricate a Schottky contact by thermal evaporator. The surface morphology, the crystal structure, and the defect state for Fe- and Co- ion implanted p-type Si wafers were investigated by an atomic force microscopy, a x-ray diffraction, and a deep level transient spectroscopy, respectively. Finally, we will discuss the physical relationship between the electrical properties and the variation of defect states for Fe- and Co-ions implanted Si wafer after RTA.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2001

This study is to provide basic data for the development of domestic ready-made shoes industry by illustrating any problem in regards to the ready-made shoes for ordinary salary men through looking into its uses and gratifications. Subjects for this study were in between twenties and sixties by applying convenient random sampling method, which was done in January to February, 2001. The results were as follows: 1. General foot shape of subjects was that foot breadth was wide whereas instep height was average. In regards to the metamorphic parts of foot, the most metamorphic part was the fifth toe which could be occurred by disagreeable shoes to foot. 2. General salary men (69.5%) wear the formal shoes and their wearing time per day is over 10 hours (49%), which illustrates that more suitable and convenient functional shoes needs to be developed. 3. Almost of subjects tended to purchase ready-made shoes, and their concerns to be considered when to purchase ready-made shoes were its size and solidity. This finding suggests that the size specification of the ready-made shoes needs to be more specific in terms of its length as well as foot breadth. 4. The most unsatisfied point on the ready-made shoes was the foot breadth. According to the Crosstabulation analysis on the discomfort part and the foot breadth, there existed a significant correlation between the discomfort part and the foot breadth (p$\leq$0.05). The above results make clear that overall salary men have complaints on the ready-made formal shoes in terms of its size and wearing comfort level. This suggests that the subdivision of the shoes size specification needs to be developed to improve the wearing comfort level.