• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2024

Purpose: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents experience various problems that can affect their quality of life. This study examined factors affecting the quality of life of children with CP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from January to August 2019. The participants were consecutively recruited children with CP aged 2 to 18 years and their parents. Ninety-eight children with CP and their parents, specifically their mothers, were recruited. Children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured using the Pediatrics Quality of Life Cerebral Palsy. Parental HRQoL and stress were measured using the WHOQOL-BREF and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results: Functional level V was the most common category for both Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF) (35% and 28%, respectively). Children's mean HRQoL was medium (49.81±20.35). The mean total PSI score was high (94.93±17.02), and 64% of parents experienced severe stress. Bivariate analysis showed that GMFCS, BFMF, number of comorbidities, presence of pain, and parental stress were significantly correlated with the total score for children's HRQoL (p<.05). Multiple linear regression analysis (p<.05) demonstrated that more severe GMFCS and parental stress were associated with lower mean HRQoL scores in children. Conclusion: Factors including the level of GMFCS and parental stress affected the HRQoL of children with CP. Parental stress management should be included in the comprehensive management of these children.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.321-328
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• 2015

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand to apply the new IACS(International Association of Classification Societies) standards for ice and polar-classed ships. For ice-class vessel propulsion system, the ice impact torque design criterion is defined as a periodic harmonic function in relation to the number of the propeller blades. However, irregular or transient ice impact torque is assumed to occur likely in actual circumstances rather than these periodic loadings. In this paper, the reliability and torsional vibration characteristics of a comparatively large six-cylinder marine diesel engine for propulsion shafting system was examined and reviewed in accordance with current regulations. In this particular, the transient ice impact torque and excessive vibratory torque originating from diesel engine were interpreted and the resonant points identified through theoretical analysis. Several floating ice impacts were carried out to evaluate torque responses using the calculation method of classification rule requirement. The Newmark method was used for the transient response analysis of the whole system.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 1998

We introduce a statistical scheme to classify seabed from acoustic profiling data acquired using Chirp sonar system. The classification is based on grouping of signal traces by similarity index, which is computed using the K-L (Karhunen-Lo$\grave{e}$ve) transform of the Chirp profiling data. The similarity index represents the degree of coherence of bottom-reflected signals in consecutive traces, hence indicating the acoustic roughness of the seabed. The results of this study show that similarity index is a function of homogeneity, grain size of sediments and bottom hardness. The similarity index ranges from 0 to 1 for various types of seabed material. It increases in accordance with the homogeneity and softness of bottom sediments, whereas it is inversely proportional to the grain size of sediments. As a real data example, we classified the seabed off Cheju Island, Korea based on the similarity index and compared the result with side-scan sonar data and sediment samples. The comparison shows that the classification of seabed by the similarity index is in good agreement with the real sedimentary facies and can delineate acoustic response of the seabed in more detail. Therefore, this study presents an effective method for geoacoustic modeling to classify the seafloor directly from acoustic data.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2009

This paper presents a new algorithm to the segmentation of the FISH images. First, for segmentation of the cell nuclei from background, a threshold is estimated by using the gaussian mixture model and maximizing the likelihood function of gray value of cell images. After nuclei segmentation, overlapped nuclei and isolated nuclei need to be classified for exact nuclei analysis. For nuclei classification, this paper extracted the morphological features of the nuclei such as compactness, smoothness and moments from training data. Three probability density functions are generated from these features and they are applied to the proposed Bayesian networks as evidences. After nuclei classification, segmenting of overlapped nuclei into isolated nuclei is necessary. This paper first performs intensity gradient transform and watershed algorithm to segment overlapped nuclei. Then proposed stepwise merging strategy is applied to merge several fragments in major nucleus. The experimental results using FISH images show that our system can indeed improve segmentation performance compared to previous researches, since we performed nuclei classification before separating overlapped nuclei.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.165-171
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• 2003

The findings of this study indicate that intangible cultural properties are worth preservation and transmission and should be considered as very important as tangible cultural properties. If the studies of intangible cultural properties are continued focusing on their characteristics and formational system, they can be expressed more properly by adding new interactive elements to database and expressive requisites. New techniques introduced in this study are believed to provide people with most reasonable and developmental motives for expression of the existing intangible cultural properties. Concerning Korea's cultural properties centered on intangible cultural properties, information construction should be made with a new idea of information based on database from the previous studies. The result will be able to set an important factor to give wide publicity to our cultural identity, which is currently shown in the process of background communication, and serve as a foothold to deliver exact information to our descendants. The intangible cultural properties are our people's mental cultural heritage resources. If museums or initiator groups, which are organized to spread cultural heritages, can use them as the subjects of exhibition through information construction and visualization, it will function to maximize the educational effect of transmitting our national mental world. The development of digital environment will provide the optimum conditions and tools making it possible to visualize intangible forms and ideas in a virtual cyber space. Given these viewpoints, steady studies and efforts for the improvement of Korea's cultural image should be made in the way of intangible cultural properties as well as tangible ones. They start from the country's accurate appreciation of cultural properties and are embodied in systematic adjustment and relationship between interdependent elements.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2000

This paper introduces an effective system design method to develop a customer oriented product using a design optimization process and to select a set of critical design paramenters,. The process results in the development of a successful product satisfying customer needs and reducing development risk. The proposed scheme adopted a five step QFD(Quality Function Deployment) in order to extract design parameters from customer needs and evaluated their priority using risk factors for extracted design parameters. In this process we determine critical design parameters and allocate them to subsystem designers. Subsequently design engineers develop and test the product based on these parameters. These design parameters capture the characteristics of customer needs in terms of performance cost and schedule in the process of QFD, The subsequent risk management task ensures the minimum risk approach in the presence of design parameter uncertainty. An application of this approach was demonstrated in the development of weld quality monitoring system. Dominant design parameters affect linearity characteristics of weld defect feature vectors. Therefore it simplifies the algorithm for adopting pattern classification of feature vectors and improves the accuracy of recognition rate of weld defect and the real time response of the defect detection in the performance. Additionally the development cost decreases by using DSP board for low speed because of reducing CPU's load adopting algorithm in classifying weld defects. It also reduces the cost by using the single sensor to measure weld defects. Furthermore the synergy effect derived from the critical design parameters improves the detection rate of weld defects by 15% when compared with the implementation using the non-critical design parameters. It also result in 30% saving in development cost./ The overall results are close to 95% customer level showing the effectiveness of the proposed development approach.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2020

An offshore plant is an offshore platform that can process oil and gas resources in rough seas with a poor working environment. Moreover, it is a complex structure with different types of offshore facilities and a large amount of outfitting that connects different offshore installations. In particular, an enormous amount of various piping materials is installed in a relatively narrow space, and thus, the difficulty of working is relatively high compared to working in ships or ground plants. Generally, when the 3D detailed design is completed, an offshore plant piping process is carried out at the shipyard with ISO 2D fabrication drawings and ISO 2D installation drawings. If a worker wants to understand the three-dimensional piping composition in the working area, he can only use three-dimensional viewers that provide limited functionality. As offshore plant construction progresses, correlating work with predecessors becomes more complicated and rework occurs because of frequent design changes. This viewer function makes it difficult to identify the 3D piping structure of the urgently needed part. This study deals with the process support method based on a system using a 3D simulator to improve the efficiency of the piping process. The 3D simulator is based on the Unity3D engine and can be simulated by considering the classification and priority of 3D models by the piping process in the system. Further, it makes it possible to visualize progress information of the process. In addition, the punch content can be displayed on the 3D model after the pipe inspection. Finally, in supporting the data in relation to the piping process, it is considered that 3D-simulator-supported piping installing could improve the work efficiency by more than 99% compared to the existing method.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1995

In this paper, we have constructed phoneme discriminant filters [PDF] according to the linear discriminant function. These discriminant filters do not follow the heuristic rules by the experts but the mathematical methods in iterative learning. Proposed system. is based on the piecewise linear classifier and error correction learning method. The segmentation of speech and the classification of phoneme are carried out simutaneously by the PDF. Because each of them operates independently, some speech intervals may have multiple outputs. Therefore, we introduce the unified coefficients by the output unification process. But sometimes the output has a region which shows no response, or insensitive. So we propose time windows and median filters to remove such problems. We have trained this system with the 549 monosyllables uttered 3 times by 3 male speakers. After we detect the endpoint of speech signal using threshold value and zero crossing rate, the vowels and consonants are separated by the PDF, and then selected phoneme passes through the following PDF. Finally this system unifies the outputs for competitive region or insensitive area using time window and median filter.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 2014

A Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (hereafter 'BNWAS') is to monitor and detect if an officer of watch(hereafter 'OOW') keeps a sharp lookout on the bridge. The careless lookout of an OOW could lead to marine accidents. For this reason on June 5th, 2009, IMO decided that a ship is equipped with a BNWAS. However, an existing BNWAS gives the OOW a lot of inconvenience and stress in its operation. It requires that the OOW should press reset buttons to confirm their alert watch on the bridge at every three to twelve minute. Many OOWs have complained that at some circumstances they cannot focus on their bridge activities including watch-keeping due to a lots of resetting inputs of BNWAS. Accordingly, IMO has allowed the use of a motion sensor as a resetting device. The motion sensor detects the movements of human body on the bridge and subsequently sends reset signals directly to BNWAS automatically. As a result, OOWs can work uninterrupted. However, some of classification societies and flag authorities have a slightly different stance on the use of motion sensor as a resetting method for BNWAS. The reason is that the motion sensor may trigger false reset signals caused by the motion of objects on the bridge, especially a slight movement such as toss and turn of human body which can extend the period of careless watch. As a basic study to minimize the false reset signals, this paper proposes a simple configuration of BNWAS, which consists of only three motion sensors associated with 'AND' and 'OR' logic gates. Additionally, several considerations are also proposed for the implementation of motion sensors. This study found that the proposed configuration which consists of three motion sensors is better than an existing one by reducing false reset signals caused by a slight movement of human body in one's sleep. The proposed configuration in this paper filters false reset signals and is simple to be implemented on existing vessels. In addition, it can be easily installed just by a basic electrical knowledge.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-19
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• 2006

The study aims to design and suggest criteria of the academic credit approval for those who obtain diverse qualifications. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, a Delphi survey was conducted. Consequently this study suggests the following, based on the argument that existing credit approval system covering all qualifications requires improvement especially due to limited function and efficiency. First, most respondents who took part in the management of academic credit bank system in the Korea Educational Development Institute stated that the current system is of limitation. Out of the all items, one was indicated as one not directly related the majoring area for the degree, three items were indicated as approved in the bachelor degree and two items were as approved in the associate degree. Second, occupational area for approving qualification items should be classified according to the KRIVET classification structure for national qualification.