• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.182-190
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• 2007

Virtual world is the 3D graphical interactive environment that networked by electronic communications. Virtual Worlds offered flow experience for a long time to their users. They blur the boundaries of work and play, so bring out the concept of Fun Labor. If we can accept the principle of equivalence between Fun Labor and Real Labor, the Fun Labor may be one of the solutions of the large unemployment problem in the information society. And the Fun Labor is the new type of labor that corresponds the subjectivity of users who want interesting experience as much as they spend money and times. This situation means that the users of Virtual worlds are structuring the identities as the Residents who act the Fun Labor. It'll be very important to examine the social effects of this situation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.962-966
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• 2020

Monitoring the mutation dynamics of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical in understanding its infectivity, virulence and pathogenicity for development of a vaccine. In an "age of mobility," the pandemic highlights the importance and vulnerability of regionalization and labor market interdependence in Southeast Asia. We intend to characterize the genetic variability of viral populations within the region to provide preliminary information for regional surveillance in the future. By analyzing 142 complete genomes from South East Asian (SEA) countries, we identified three central variants distinguished by nucleotide and amino acid changes.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2011

Level design is one of the important factors in tower defense game development. The difficulty of tower defense game depends on its wave design. In general, it requires a lot of manual labor to generate well-balanced waves with fun. In this paper, we propose a new automated wave generation system by using a genetic algorithm. With our system, a game designer can easily generate an optimized wave by designating the difficulty level in the initial stage of game design. Our system can be useful in reducing the trial-errors in the initial level design process of tower defense game development.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.95-112
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to develop the therapeutic recreation programs for relieving depressive symptoms of the elderly and to verify the effect on their psychological condition. The key elements of these programs, which consisted of 9 sessions. were aerobic exercises, group dynamics. and making fun. These programs were developed through a multidisciplinary approach with social workers and the faculties of preventive medicine. The social workers gave these programs to fifteen elderly people at the community center, so called noinjung, for 9 weeks. Before intervention of this program for the experimental group, the baseline was measured by GDS(geriatric depression scale). After intervention for 9 weeks, GDS as an outcome was measured to evaluate the effects of the program. This data was analyzed by $X^2$-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. and the results were as follows: 1. Based upon the cutting point(GDS = 5) which could distinguish between depression group and normal group, the number for the normal group increased, while the number for the depression group decreased slightly after intervention with the therapeutic recreation programs, however, there was no significant change(p〉0.05). 2. The score of GDS decreased significantly after intervention with the therapeutic recreation programs(p〈0.05). 3. The scores of GDS decreased in widow(or) group and in female group compared to those of the married group and the male group, respectively(p〈0. 05). 4. The score of GDS increased in groups with similar labor and emotional support compared to those of groups with sufficient or less support, respectively(p〈0.05), These findings indicate that the therapeutic recreation programs might be effective for relieving depressive symptoms of the elderly. It is, therefore, suggested that this program be modified and standardized through review of the intervening process, experimental results, and responses of clients for appling in other noinjungs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.66-83
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• 2002

The economic feasibility analysis including benefit-cost ratio and internal rate of return of a land consolidation and on-farm development project was mainly depended upon the direct benefits and costs arising during project life. Therefore the projects were neglected in allocating the government's financial funds and loans on account of the low economic rate of return of the project. Accordingly the extended benefit-cost analysis method should be introduced and adapted to cover not only the benefit s such as non-market values of environmental and food security fun ct ions of the project but also market values of the project outputs. The main purposes of this study are (1) to prepare a guide line for economic feasibility analysis based on the IBRD and ADB guidelines, (2) to estimate the benefits from productivity increase, labor saving, savings of O&M cost of farm mechanization and project facilities, savings of farmer's burden for their public health, increasing environmental and public functional value of paddy fields, improving food security condition and formation of peaceful and uncontroversial rural society by implementing the land consolidation and on-farm development, (3) to introduce the newly adapted analytical method as the extended benefit cost analysis which could make possible to be included the values of non-market goods such as the food security and the environmental public function of paddy fields. To carry out this study, the existing publications on the guidelines for economic agricultural projects were reviewed and consultation was made with a For the post evaluation study of the land consolidation and on-farm development project, field survey in Jigok and other comparative area were made to get available information. According to the project completion report, Jigok land consolidation and on-farm development project has 55ha of benefit area out of 69ha of gross area. The project was started in November 11th, 2000 and completed october 30th, 2001. The total project costs were amounted to 2,548 million won and the annual project benefits were estimated at 335million won evaluated by domestic market prices. The ERR(Economic Rate of Return) and SRR(Social Rate of Return) of the project based on the shadow pricing system were estimated at 4.4% and 16% respectively. On the other hand, the ERR and SRR based on the domestic market value system were amounted to 6.37% and 14.62%. In conclusion, Korean land consolidation and on-farm development projects have not carried out from the view point of economic rate of return under shadow pricing system but from the view point of domestic pricing system. For the future feasibility studies on land consolidation projects have to be carried out including the non-market values as environmental and food security function of the projects.