• 한국조경학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.46-57
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• 1992

This study was carried out to compare physiological characteristics of winter green cultivar (Buxus microphylla van. koreana 'Hanlim') with those of native cultuvar and clucidate the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai). The results are summarized as followed; The 'Hanlim' cultivar had higher contents of chlorophyll as compared with native cultivar from September, 1989 to March, 1990. However, at April, 1990, native cultivar had higher chlorophyll contents. In the rate of photosynthesis, 'Hanlim' cultivar was higher than native cultivar from September to December, 1989, but showed the opposite trend from March to April, 1990. As to the period of browning, 'Hanlim'cultivar had stayed green even after November 22, 1989, while the foliage of native cultivar turned yellowish brown color through the winter. The contents of nitrogen and potassium of 'Hanlim' cultivar werehigher than those of the native cultivar. However native cultivar had higher rate of phosphorus, magnessium, and calcium. In the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai), chlorophyll contents were increased with shading and leaves grown 70% shading had twice as much as those of full sunlight, fertilized plot. Nutrient fertilization increased chlorophyll contents and values of color in boxwood too. In the shading times, early shading time maintained effectively green color of boxwood in winter. Therefore, in case of native cultivars, it has planted at full sunlight area until now and color of leaves turned yellowish brown color through the witner. However, it will maintain green color of leaves by planting at shade area. In addition to, as 'Hanlim' cultivar had benefits of maintain green color of leaves during winter, it will be planted at full sunlight area to landscape plants.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2013

Background To minimize the inflammatory reaction and improve healing, a new modified dermal substitute composed of an atelocollagen, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and amniotic membrane (AM) was applied to full-thickness skin defects in a pig. Atelocollagen was extracted from bovine skin, and two modified dermal substitutes were generated according to the cross-linking type. Methods The AM-collagen dermal substitutes were characterized and compared with currently used dermal substitutes in a pig skin defect model. There were five experimental groups: dehydrothermal (DHT) cross-linking atelocollagen with the AM on the top (AM-DHT), DHT and chemical cross-linking atelocollagen with the AM on the top (AM-DHT/chemical), Terudermis, Integra, and AlloDerm. After $3{\times}3cm$ full-thickness skin defects on the back of a pig were created, each dermal substitutes dermal substitutes was randomly grafted on the defects. Two weeks after grafting, autologous partial-thickness skin was over-grafted on the neodermis. The take rate of the dermal substitutes, skin, and histological sections were all assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Results More rapid healing and a higher take rate were evident in the AM-DHT and Terudermis groups. Histological examination revealed fewer inflammatory cells and more fibroblast hyperplasia in these two groups. Four weeks after surgery, the amount of newly formed collagen was significantly more appropriate in the AM-DHT group. Conclusions These observations provide supporting evidence that a newly developed amniotic-collagen dermal substitute may inhibit inflammatory reactions and promote wound healing.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권12A호
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• pp.1219-1225
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• 2007

본 논문은 4개의 송신 안테나를 사용 할 경우 임의의 QAM 변조 방식과 준정지 Rayleigh 페이딩 채널 환경에서 최대 다이버시티 이득을 획득하고 더불어 full-rate을 획득하는 새로운 QO-STBC(quasi-orthogonal space-time block code)를 제안한다. 특히 제안된 부호는 기존의 MDC-QO-STBC(minimum decoding complex QO-STBC)와 같이 준직교 특성을 만족하여 수신단에서 2개의 실수 심벌들로 구성된 4개의 그룹들에 대하여 각각 독립적인 ML(maximum likelihood) 복호가 가능하다는 장점을 갖는다. 전산 실험 결과 제안된 부호는 모든 변조 방식들에 대하여 MDC-QO-STBC와 동일한 비트 오율(BER) 성능을 보여준다. 하지만 제안된 부호는 모든 송신 안테나들에서 성상 회전 이전의 신호들에 비해 PAPR(peak-to-average power ratio) 값들이 증가하는 기존의 MDC-QO-STBC와 달리 오직 2개의 송신 안테나들에서만 PAPR의 증가가 발생하도록 수정 가능하며 따라서 실제 송신 시스템 구현 시 훨씬 큰 이점을 갖게 된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

North American ginseng seedlings (Panax quinquefolius L.) were grown in pots in heated greenhouses, in a cool greenhouse, or in the field, in 11 experiments at various times over 16 years. Crop establishment, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, radiation use efficiency and carbon budget were measured and/or calculated in some years. Once the seedling canopy, of about $20\;cm^2$ per seedling, and a leaf area index of 0.37, was established, about 40 days after germination, full canopy display lasted about 87 days. Only 16.6% of the incoming solar radiation was intercepted by the crop, the remainder falling on the mulched soil surface. Total and root dry matter accumulations in the cool greenhouse and in the field were about double that in the heated greenhouses. Partitioning of dry matter to roots (economic yield or harvest index) in the cool greenhouse and in the field was 73% whereas it was 62.5% in the heated greenhouses. The relationship between root dry matter and radiation interception during the full canopy period was linear with growth efficiencies of $2.92\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 4.8% of incoming radiation and $0.30\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 68% of incoming radiation. A photosynthetic rate of $0.39\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ was attained at light saturation of about $150\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ (7.5% of full sunlight); dark respiration was $0.03\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$, about 8.5% of maximum assimilation rate. Estimates of dry matter accumulation by growth analysis and by $CO_2$ uptake were similar, 6.21 vs. 7.62 mg $CO_2$, despite several assumptions in $CO_2$ uptake calculations.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 양자난수발생기 Quantis의 후처리 과정에 대하여 암호학의 관점에서 실험을 통하여 안전성과 성능을 분석하였다. Quantis의 후처리 과정은 수학적 이론에 근거한 이진행렬-벡터 곱 연산을 통해 풀엔트로피(full-entropy)를 출력하도록 설계되었고, NIST SP 800-90B의 최소엔트로피(min-entropy) 추정 테스트를 이용하여 이를 검증하였다. 이진행렬-벡터 곱 연산에 최적화 기법을 사용함으로써 난수 생성 속도에 미치는 영향을 최소화하였음을 확인하고, NIST SP 800-90B에서 제시한 검증된 Conditioning과의 난수 출력 성능을 비교하였다. 또한, 미국 NIST와 독일 BSI의 난수발생기 표준 모델과 Quantis의 부합되는 요소와 아닌 요소를 구분하였다. Quantis를 암호학의 용도로 사용하고자할 경우, CMVP 기준에 적합하게 이용하기 위해 Quantis의 출력 데이터를 승인된 의사 난수발생기의 씨드로 사용하여 출력한 난수를 사용하는 것이 적절하다고 판단된다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

Recently, in distribution market, demand for electronic shelf label system is increasing gradually to provide the accurate price immediately and detailed product information to consumers and reduce operation costs. Most of electronic shelf label system companies develop the full-graphic display device to display a wide variety of product information as well as the exact price. Our system had introduced Go-Back-N retransmission method in the early. However, we encountered performance problems that it delayed updating of the electronic shelf label system and exhausted the battery life time. Proposed adaptive image retransmission technique based on the selective scheme is that tags of electronic shelf label system recognize idle time of transmission cycle and require partial image retransmission to sever by itself. As a result, it can acquire much more opportunities of partial image retransmission within the same period and increase reception rate of full image for each tags. The experimental result shows that adaptive image retransmission technique's reception rate of full image for each tags is approximately 4% higher than existing previous works. And total battery life time increases 30 hours because tag reduce wake-up time as it receive only lost data instead of whole data.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 전력계통에서 정밀하고 변화에 수렴성이 빠른 탐색을 기반으로 하는 주파수 추정 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 주파수 추정 알고리즘은 고분해능 스펙트럼의 기울기를 추정하여 스펙트럼의 peak 점을 탐색하는 구조를 적용하였다. 과도적으로 주파수 변화가 큰 경우에 기존 방법들의 단점인 수렴속도가 늦는 점을 보완 또는 개선하기 위한 방법으로 Context analysis를 통하여 Full-search 기법과 주파수 추정변수들을 적응적으로 적용하여 주파수 추정의 정밀도와 수렴속도를 향상시키고 대표적인 주파수 추정기법인 DFT(discrete Fourier transform) 방법, ECKF(extended complex Kalman filter), MV(minimum variable)방법들과 비교하여 수렴성과 정밀도가 우수함을 보였다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2023

Purpose: Postoperative exercise for acute Achilles tendon rupture is important for a patient's return to daily life and sports. On the other hand, the protocol requires considerable effort to educate patients and continuous checking. This study evaluated the outcome of a new simple and delayed rehabilitation protocol after Achilles tendon rupture repair. Materials and Methods: From July 2014 to November 2020, one hundred eighty-three patients were operated on by one surgeon. The exercise protocol was classified into two methods. One group (immediate protocol, control group) started immediate full weight bearing with a 20° plantar flexion range of motion from two days postoperatively. Ankle dorsiflexion was restricted to 0°. The other group (delayed protocol, case group) started full weight bearing with a controlled ankle motion boot from two weeks postoperatively. No range of motion exercise was allowed until six weeks postoperatively. Age, sex, body mass index, ankle range of motion, muscle power, time to return to previous physical activity, functional score, and complication rate were evaluated. The results of the two groups were compared using a Mann-Whitney test. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. Results: The range of motion, double heel rising, and one-leg standing were achieved faster in the control group (p<0.05). However, single-heel rising, repeated single-heel rising, return to previous activity (work, run, and sport), and functional scores showed no statistical difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Simple and delayed postoperative rehabilitation of acute Achilles tendon rupture without active range of motion exercises showed satisfactory functional results and a low complication rate.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.380-391
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• 2014

In this study, the scale effect on the performance of the podded propeller of tractor type is investigated. Turbulent flow computations are carried out for Reynolds numbers increasing progressively from model scale to full scale using the CFD analysis. The result of the flow calculation for model scale Reynolds numbers agrees well with that of the experiment of a large cavitation tunnel. The existing numerical analysis indicates that the performance of the podded propeller blades is mainly influenced by the advance coefficient and relatively little by the Reynolds number. However, the drag of pod housing with propeller in operation is different from that of pod housing without propeller due to the acceleration and swirl of propeller slipstream which is altered by propeller loading as well as the pressure recovery and friction according to Reynolds number, which suggests that the pod housing drag under the condition of propeller in operation is the key factor of the scale effect on the performance between model and full scale podded propellers. The so called 'drag ratio', which is the ratio of pod housing drag to total thrust of podded propeller, increases as the advance coefficient increases due to accelerated flow in the slipstream of the podded propeller. However, the increasing rate of the drag ratio reduces continuously as the Reynolds number increases from model to full scale progressively. The contribution of hydrodynamic forces, which acts on the parts composed of the pod housing with propeller operating in various loading conditions, to the thrust and the torque of the total propeller unit are presented for a range of Reynolds numbers from model to full scales.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.635-639
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• 1995

Digestibility trial was performed with carps weighing 200 g/fish. Fecal collection was made over 7 days using a settling column. The water temperature was in the range of 27 to $30{^{\circ}C}$ during whole experimental period. Fishes were fed 5 diets (Control, $F_{24}S_{13}$, $F_{16}S_{27}$, $F_8S_{40}$ and $F_0S_{56}$) containing both 32%, 24%, 16%, 8% and 0% of fish meal (F) and 0%, 13%, 27%, 40% and 56% of roasted full-fat soybean (S), respectively. Water volume in each recirculated rearing tank was maintained at 130 l with flow rate of 10-12 l/min. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, protein, lipid, total carbohydrates and energy in diets showed a reduction (p < 0.05) with the increase of dietary full-fat soybean level, although there was no difference in the ADCs between Control and $F_{24}S_{13}$ (p > 0.05). The ADCs of ash, Ca and P in diets significantly increased with the increase of dietary full-fat soybean level, suggesting the high availability of phosphorus in monocalcium phosphate.