• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2000

A safety assessment of reactor vessel lower head integrity under in-vessel vapor explosion loads has been performed. The core melt relocation parameters were chosen within the ranges of physically realizable bounds. The premixing and explosion calculations were performed using TRACER-II code. Using the calculated explosion pressures imposed on the lower head inner wall, strain calculations were peformed using ANSYS code. Then, the calculated strain results and the established failure criteria were used in determining the failure probability of the lower head, In the explosion analyses, it is shown that the explosion impulses are not altered significantly by the uncertain parameters of triggering location and time, fuel and vapor volume fractions in uniform premixture bounding calculations. Strain analyses show that the vapor explosion-induced lower head failure is not possible under the present framework of assessment. The result of static analysis using the conservative explosion-end pressure of 50 MPa also supports the conclusion. It is recommended, however, that an assessment of fracture mechanics for preexisting cracks be also considered to obtain a more concrete conclusion.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2005

The effects of change in injection pressure on spray structure in high temperature and pressure field have been investigated. The analysis of liquid and vapor phases of injected fuel is important for emissions control of diesel engines. Therefore, this work examines the evaporating spray structure using a constant volume vessel. The injection pressure is selected as the experimental parameter, is changed from 72MPa to 112MPa by using a common rail injection system(ECD-U2). The images of liquid and vapor phase in the evaporating free diesel spray are simultaneously taken by exciplex fluorescence method. As a result, it can be confirmed that the distribution of vapor concentration is more uniform in the case of the high injection than in that of the low injection pressure.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2016

Engine oil plays an important role in the mechanical lubrication and cooling of a vehicle engine. Recently, engine development has focused on the adoption of gasoline direct injection (GDI) and turbocharging methodology to achieve high-power and high-speed performance. However, oil dilution is a problem for GDI engines. Oil dilution occurs owing to high-pressure fuel injection into the combustion chamber when the engine is cold. The chemical components of engine oil are currently developed to accommodate gasoline fuel; however, bio-alcohol mixtures have become a recent trend in fuel development. Bio-alcohol fuels are alternatives to fossil fuels that can reduce vehicle emissions levels and greenhouse gas pollution. Therefore, the chemical components of engine oil should be improved to accommodate bio-alcohol fuels. This study employs a 2.0 L turbo-gas direct injection (T-GDI) engine in an experiment that dilutes oil with fuel. The experiment utilizes a variety of fuels, including sub-octane gasoline fuel (E0) and a bio-alcohol fuel mixture (Ethanol E3~E7). The results show that the lowest amount of oil dilution occurs when using E3 fuel. Analyzing the diluted engine oil by measuring density and moisture with respect to kinematic viscosity shows that the lowest values of these parameters occur when testing E3 fuel. The reason is confirmed to influence the vapor pressure of the low concentration bio-alcohol-fuel mixture.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2000

In this study, the spray models incorporated into the GTT code were tested for sprays injected in quiescent swirling gases and for the sprays impinging on a flat wall, and the validity of the models has been confirmed by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. Using this code, the gas flow, spray behavior and fuel vapor distributions in the combustion chamber of a D.I engine have been numerically analyzed with respect to the constant injection pressure and the injection pressure varying with injection time.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to predict numerically the effect of intake humidification on the injected diesel fuel spray characteristics in a compression ignition engine. In this work, Wave model and Ducowicz model were applied as the break-up model and evaporation model, respectively. The amount of water vapor for the humidification was changed from 0% to 30% of injected fuel mass. The number of applied meshes was generated from 49,000 to 110,000. At the same time, the results of this work were compared in terms of spray tip penetration, SMD and equivalence ratio distributions. It was found that the cylinder temperature and cylinder pressure were decreased with increasing water vapor mass by vaporization latent heat and specific heat, however, the difference was very small. So, the spray tip penetration was not different by water vapor mass. Also, higher equivalence ratio distributions were observed with increasing water vapor mass by the improvement of fuel atomization.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

To suppress the bubble generated in the liquid LPG direct injector is the most important to develop the LPDi engine. It was found in the previous study that bubbling phenomenon in the injector of the LPDi engine is decisively influenced by pressure of fuel and temperature around the injector. Therefore, in this study, the effect on suppressing the bubbling in the LPDi injector by high pressurization of fuel is analyzed and the spray characteristics are also studied. As a result, it is found that the bubbling in the LPDi injector is radically suppressed when the pressure of fuel is over 50MPa. The bubbling is suppressed when the pressure of fuel is over 3MPa if the inserted position of the injector is considered. Also, it is confirmed that the higher the pressure of fuel is the longer spray tip penetration and is the larger spray angle. As the ambient pressure increases, spray tip penetration decreases and spray angle increases due to the increase of drag force.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1997

The present study is mainly aiming at numerically analyzing the combustion and emission characteristics of the diesel spray in a high-pressure environment. Computations are peformed for the peak chamber pressure with range from 4.08 MPa to 162 MPa. Numerical results indicate that the pressure increase in combustion chamber significantly influences the mechanism for droplet dynamics and mixing characteristics, spray penetration autoignition, flame lift-on height and the propagation or fuel vapor and flame. By increasing the ratio or the ambient density to injected liquid density, the fuel-air mixing rates and the burning rates increase and the $NO_x/soot$ emission level decreases.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

In high-pressure diesel engine, the injected fuel spray impinges on the piston cavity surface due to the short distance between the injection nozzle and the cavity wall. The behavior of the impinging spray has the great influence on the dispersion of fuel, the evaporation, and the mixture formation process. In this study, the numerical simulation using the GTT code was performed to study the gas flows, the spray behaviors, and the fuel vapor distributions in the combustion of a D.I engine for variation of spray angle and swirl ratio.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1999

The use of LPG as clean fuel for Diesel engine is very attractive way to reduce soot and NOx emission. In this study, a numerical study has been done to know the transient behavior of LPG fuel in chamber pressures which is held at a pressure above (0.37MPa)and below(0.15MPa)the fuel vapor pressure. Results show that the vortex formed within the start of injection at the leading edge of the spray cone and was most apparent for 0.15MPa chamber pressure case. The high speed photographs and model results showed a narrower cone angle during the quasi-steady spray period at the 0.37MPa chamber pressure compared to the 0.15MPa case. And it can be shown that more realistic vaporization process is necessary to predict the spray length well.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.257-264
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• 1994

원자력발전소 중대사고시 용융된 노심과 잔류냉각수가 증기폭발을 일으켜 원자로 격납용기의 건전성을 위협할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 증기폭발을 모사할 수 있는 실험 장치를 제작하고, 물과 프레온을 사용하여 증기폭발실험을 수행하였다. 이때 고속카메라를 사용하여 폭발현상을 관측하였고, 동압측정기와 압력분출관을 이용하여 생성되는 폭발압력과 기계적인 에너지를 계측하였다. 이를 토대로 증기폭발의 중요인자들(물의 온도, 물의 주입속도, 물의 주입 시간, 그리고 냉매의 깊이)에 대한 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 그리고, 압력용기 바닥의 구조물이 용융/냉각재의 반응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기위하여 실험용기 내부에 그리드를 설치하여 폭발실험을 실시하였다. 물/프레온의 폭발실험에서 계측된 기계적에너지를 이용한 에너지효율은 0.5∼l.6%인 것으로 계산되었다.