• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.48-48
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• 2010

Sound quality and NVH-issues(Noise, Vibration and Harshness) of vehicles has become very important for car manufacturers. It is interpreted as among the most relevant factors regarding perceived product quality, and is important in gaining market advantage. The general sound quality of vehicles was gradually improved over the years. However, today the development cycles in the automotive industry are constantly reduced to meet the customers' demands and to react quickly to market needs. In addition, new drive and fuel concepts, tightened ecological specifications, increase of vehicle classes and increasing diversification(increasing market for niche vehicles), etc. challenge the acoustic engineers trying to develop a pleasant, adequate, harmonious passenger cabin sound. Another aspect concerns the general pressure for reducing emission and fuel consumption, which lead to vehicle weight reductions through material changes also resulting in new noise and vibration conflicts. Furthermore, in the context of alternative powertrains and engine concepts, the new objective is to detect and implement the vehicle sound, tailored to suit the auditory expectations and needs of the target group. New questions must be answered: What are appropriate sounds for hybrid or electric vehicles? How are new vehicle sounds perceived and judged? How can customer-oriented, client-specific target sounds be determined? Which sounds are needed to fulfil the driving task, and so on? Thus, advanced methods and tools are necessary which cope with the increasing complexity of NVH-problems and conflicts and at the same time which cope with the growing expectations regarding the acoustical comfort. Moreover, it is exceedingly important to have already detailed and reliable information about NVH-issues in early design phases to guarantee high quality standards. This requires the use of sophisticated simulation techniques, which allow for the virtual construction and testing of subsystems and/or the whole car in early development stages. The virtual, testing is very important especially with respect to alternative drive concepts(hybrid cars, electric cars, hydrogen fuel cell cars), where complete new NVH-problems and challenges occur which have to be adequately managed right from the beginning. In this context, it is important to mention that the challenge is that all noise contributions from different sources lead to a harmonious, well-balanced overall sound. The optimization of single sources alone does not automatically result in an ideal overall vehicle sound. The paper highlights modern and innovative NVH measurement technologies as well as presents solutions of recent NVH tasks and challenges. Furthermore, future prospects and developments in the field of automotive acoustics are considered and discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2024

Plutonium-238 has always been considered as the one of the promising radioisotopes for space nuclear power supply, which has long half-life, low radiation protection level, high power density, and stable fuel form at high temperatures. The industrial-scale production of ²³⁸Pu mainly depends on irradiating solid ²³⁷NpO₂ target in high flux reactors, however the production process faces problems such as large fission loss and high requirements for product quality control. In this paper, a conceptual design study of producing ²³⁸Pu in a multi-purpose high flux reactor was evaluated and analyzed, which includes a sensitivity analysis on ²³⁸Pu production and a further study on the irradiation scheme. It demonstrated that the target structure and its location in the reactor, as well as the operation scheme has an impact on ²³⁸Pu amount and product quality. Furthermore, the production efficiency could be improved by optimizing target material concentration, target locations in the core and reflector. This work provides technical support for irradiation production of ²³⁸Pu in high flux reactors.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2023

Water electrolysis holds great potential as a method for producing renewable hydrogen fuel at large-scale, and to replace the fossil fuels responsible for greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change. To reduce the cost of hydrogen and make it competitive against fossil fuels, the efficiency of green hydrogen production should be maximized. This requires superior electrocatalysts to reduce the reaction energy barriers. The development of catalytic materials has mostly relied on empirical, trial-and-error methods because of the complicated, multidimensional, and dynamic nature of catalysis, requiring significant time and effort to find optimized multicomponent catalysts under a variety of reaction conditions. The ultimate goal for all researchers in the materials science and engineering field is the rational and efficient design of materials with desired performance. Discovering and understanding new catalysts with desired properties is at the heart of materials science research. This process can benefit from machine learning (ML), given the complex nature of catalytic reactions and vast range of candidate materials. This review summarizes recent achievements in catalysts discovery for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The basic concepts of ML algorithms and practical guides for materials scientists are also demonstrated. The challenges and strategies of applying ML are discussed, which should be collaboratively addressed by materials scientists and ML communities. The ultimate integration of ML in catalyst development is expected to accelerate the design, discovery, optimization, and interpretation of superior electrocatalysts, to realize a carbon-free ecosystem based on green hydrogen.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1603-1611
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 에너지 저장장치인 배터리를 기존의 발전기 전력계통에 연계하기 위하여 양방향 전력의 흐름이 가능한 BDC(Bi-Directional Converter) 적용을 위해 모델링을 통하여 제어 프로세스를 설계하고, 해상 상황에 따라 변화하는 부하에 최적화된 전력 공급이 가능한 배터리의 충전 혹은 방전 메커니즘에 대하여 제안한다. 본 연구는 MATLAB/Simulink를 이용하여 BDC를 모델링 하였으며 부하 시나리오에 따라 배터리 충전 및 방전 시의 전류 제어 및 SOC(State Of Charge) 최적화를 시뮬레이션 하였다. 이를 통해 선내 운전되는 발전기가 최적운전 범위에 운전될 수 있도록 배터리와 전력 및 부하를 연동할 수 있도록 하였으며, 발전기가 높은 연료효율 범위에서 운전될 수 있도록 전력제어관리를 수행하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.418-426
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• 2015

Recently, shipping operators have been making efforts to reduce the fuel cost in various ways, such as trim optimization and bulb re-design. Furthermore, IMO restricts the hydro-dioxide emissions to the environment based on the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index), EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator), and SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan). In particular, ship speed is one of the most important factors for calculating the EEDI, which is based on methods suggested by ITTC (International Towing Tank Conference) or ISO (International Standardization Organization). Many shipbuilding companies in Korea have carried out speed trials around the Korea Straits. However, the conditions for these speed trials have not been exactly the same as those for model tests. Therefore, a ship’s speed is corrected by measured environmental data such as the seawater temperature, density, wind, waves, swell, drift, and rudder angle to match the conditions of the model tests. In this study, fundamental research was performed to evaluate the ship resistance performance due to changes in the water temperature and salinity, comparing the ISO method and numerical simulation. A numerical simulation of a KCS (KRISO Container ship) with a free-surface was performed using the commercial software Star-CCM+ under three conditions that were assumed based on the water temperature and salinity data in the Korea Straits. In the simulation results, the resistance increased under low water temperature & high salinity conditions, and it decreased under high water temperature & low salinity conditions. In addition, the ISO method showed the same result as the simulation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.114.1-114.1
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• 2011

Bioenergy production from lignocellulosic biomass and agriculture wastes have been attracted because of its sustainable and non-edible source. Especially, canola is considered as one of the best feedstock for renewable fuel production. Oil extracted canola and its agriculture residues are reuseable for bioethanol production. However, a pretreatment step is required before enzymatic hydrolysis to disrupt recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrix. To increase the sugar conversion, more efficient pretreatment process was necessary for removal of saccharification barriers such as lignin. Alkaline pretreatment makes the lignocellulose swollen through solvation and induces more porous structure for enzyme access. In our previous work, aqueous ammonia (1~20%) was utilized for alkaline reagent to increase the crystallinity of canola residues pretreatment. In this study, significant factors for efficient soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment on canola residues was optimized by using the response surface method (RSM). Based on the fundamental experiments, the real values of factors at the center (0) were determined as follows; $70^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 17.5% of ammonia concentration and 18 h of reaction time in the experiment design using central composition design (CCD). A statistical model predicted that the highest removal yield of lignin was 54% at the following optimized reaction conditions: $72.68^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 18.30% of ammonia concentration and 18.30 h of reaction time. Finally, maximum theoretical yields of soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment were 42.23% of glucose and 22.68% of xylose.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2012

최적의 추출조건을 찾는데 매우 유용한 방법인 반응 표면 분석법(RSM, response surface methodology)을 사용하여 새우껍질로부터 astaxanthin 추출조건을 최적화하였다. 추출조건은 용매 에탄올과 추출물질의 비율, 추출온도($^{\circ}C$), 추출시간(min)의 세가지 독립변수를 설정하여 BBD (Box-Behnken design) 방법을 이용하였다. 이 BBD 모델링은 0.9218의 $R^2{_{adj}}$값과 0.0003의 확률 값 p 값으로 회귀 모델에 대한 신뢰도를 입증하였다. RSM 분석을 통해 찾아낸 새우껍질로부터 astaxanthin의 최적 추출조건은 에탄올 용매비 1:29.7, 추출온도 $49.5^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 59.9 분이고, 이 때 astaxanthin 추출량은 $17.80{\mu}g/g$으로 예측하였다. 최적 수율로 예측된 결과는 각각의 조건에 따른 실험을 통해 그 예측의 정확도를 확인하였으며 $17.77{\mu}g/g$으로 예측조건과 비슷한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2022

사륜구동은 구동력을 4바퀴에 모두 전달하기 때문에 노면과의 접지력이 상승하여 구동력이 상승한다. 하지만 그로 인해 연비가 저하되는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 평소에 이륜구동으로 주행하다가 필요에 의해 선택적 사륜구동으로 변환하는 방법으로 사륜구동을 많이 사용한다. 이러한 선택적 사륜구동은 운전자가 보내는 전기적 신호를 Transfer case에서 기계적으로 바꿔서 구동력을 변환시킨다. 본 연구에서는 전기적 신호를 기계적으로 바꿔주기 위해 모터에 감속기를 적용하여 토크를 증대시켜 기능을 수행하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 구동을 변환시켜주기 위해 적용되는 Transfer case내부에 있는 모터에 적용할 수 있는 감속메커니즘을 도출하고 그에 따른 유성기어형태를 적용한 감속비를 최적화하였다. 그리고 도출된 감속비를 토대로 링기어를 공통으로 사용하는 유성기어 2세트를 적용하여 입력축과 출력축이 동일상에서 감속이 진행되는 유성기어 기어치형의 개발 및 Transfer csae 내에 있는 구동변환장치 구동부의 최적화 설계를 진행하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2017

경량화는 현재 자동차 산업에 있어 가장 중요하게 여겨지는 화두 중 하나이다. 내연기관은 물론 미래형 자동차, 친환경 자동차 개발을 위해 경량화는 자동차 산업에 있어서 결코 빠질 수 없는 소재이다. 친환경 자동차를 개발하는데 있어 연비향상과 주행성능향상은 경량화가 핵심이기 때문이다. 본 연구팀에서도 포뮬러 형태의 자작자동차를 제작하면서 경량화와 최적설계를 통한 주행 성능 향상에 주안점을 두고 연구를 시작하였다. 본 연구는 전년도 제작 차량을 바탕으로 다음의 네 가지 항목으로 나누어 진행하였다. 첫 번째, 엔진의 교체를 통한 엔진룸의 구조설계 및 경량화. 두 번째, 프레임의 최적설계를 통한 부재의 단순화 및 경량화 연구. 세 번째, 프레임의 최적설계에 따른 서스펜션의 구조설계 및 해석. 마지막으로, 업라이트와 허브의 설계 및 경량 부품 사용을 통한 경량화 등이다. 이러한 목표설정을 두고 차량 설계를 진행하였으며 결과적으로 전년도 차량 대비 48 kg을 감량하여 19.5% 만큼의 경량화 하였고 이에 가속도 또한 80 m 기준 6.65 s에서 5.8 s만큼 단축시켰다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2019

오버드라이버 허브클러치는 자동차 6단 자동 변속기 미션에 장착되어 엔진의 여유출력을 이용해 연료사용을 절감시켜주는 부품이다. 본 연구에서는 오버드라이버 허브클러치 제품에 대해 피어싱 공정 중 펀치에 가해지는 하중 및 소재 처짐량을 최소화 하고자 한다. 공정 중 펀치의 하중과 처짐량에 영향을 줄 수 있는 다이 클리어런스(die clearance)와 전단각도(shear angle) 그리고 마찰계수(friction coefficient)를 설계 변수로 설정했다. 또한 펀치의 하중과 소재 처짐량에 대해 각 설계 변수들의 영향도를 확인하기 위해 민감도 분석(sensitivity analysis)을 진행했다. 그 결과 전단 각도, 마찰 계수, 다이 클리어런스 순으로 하중 및 처짐량에 대해 민감한 것으로 조사되었다. 이를 통해 펀치의 하중과 소재 처짐량을 목적함수로 설정하고, 반응표면법(Response Surface Method)을 통해 각 설계 변수들과 목적함수의 방정식을 도출했다. 이를 통해 설정된 설계 변수들의 최적 값을 도출해 유한요소해석에 적용한 결과 펀치의 하중 및 소재의 처짐량이 기존대비 22.14% 개선됐다.