• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. The subjects were 292 children and their mothers who are caring for their 3-5 years old children in Korea and China. Data was collected using a parenting efficacy index, parenting behavior index, parenting stress index and child behavior check list. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Scheff$\acute{e}$ test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were no significant differences in parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. There were some significant differences in children's problematic behavior according to the socio-demographic variables, that is the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, in Korea and China. Correlation analysis indicated that the parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China had significant correlations in some sub-variables. It was also found that the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, the frustration and uneasiness of the parents, the control behavior, and the stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in Korea, and the mother's education, the family income, the affection behavior, the rejection behavior, and the control behavior, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in China.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the degree of different stresses in university students of outer region of Seoul and to search the influence of food habit and nutrient intakes in stress. The data was collected by questionnaire method for self-diagnosed different stresses, dietary habit, and physical status and 24 hours recall for nutrient intakes. The subjects were 282 students attended at the lecture Food and Health. Diet balance was no difference with gender but food intakes were more diverse in female. Nutrient intake of male students was lower in vitamin A and riboflavin, but that of female was low in vitamin A and iron. The university students outer region of Seoul had more stress situation in frustration, deprivation and self-efface than in the stress of the noise and Type-A behavioral stress. Total self-diagnosed dietary habit score was better in the group of no susceptive overload stress than that of the high susceptive group. Same trend of dietary behavior score was in the group of no noise and anxiety-response stress than that in the susceptive groups. The quantity of nutrient intakes was correlated with different kind of stress. Niacin intake was positively related with the stress from life-events, and food induced stress. Thiamin intake was positively related with food induced stress. But the intake of iron, calcium, niacin and riboflavin were negatively related with the stress of noise. Therefore, we could concluded that different kind of stresses were influenced in dietary behavior and vitamin-mineral nutrient intakes. More research would be needed at the aspects of health promotion in the stressful situation of modern society.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.76-91
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• 2005

Stroke patients often develop post stroke sequelae when they survive. Post stroke fatigue and emotional disturbances including depression are common along with motor dysfunction. However, medical personnel have paid relatively little attention to emotional changes and the presence of fatigue following strokes. Post-stroke fatigue was common, occurring in 57% of the patients in our series. The post-stroke fatigue appears to be related to the pre-stroke fatigue, physical disability and post stroke depression (PSD) although the relation to the lesion location remains elusive. The prevalence of post-stroke emotional disturbance has been reported to range from 12% to 64%. The wide variation in the frequency of post stroke depression may be related to methodological heterogeneity in items such as the criteria for depression, the timing of assessment, and the study population. Emotional incontinence, which is characterized by inappropriate or excessive laughing or crying is also common. The incidence of and factor related to this post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) also remains unclear. We reported that out-patients with single, unilateral stroke, 18% had PSD and 34% had PSEI. Although both PSD and PSEI were related to motor dysfunction and location (anterior vs. posterior cortex) of the lesion, the latter was a stronger determinant for PSD. PSEI was more closely associated with subcortical strokes than was PSD. Another manifestation of post stroke patients is the occurrence of post stroke anger proneness (PSAP). They may become easily irritated, impulsive, less generous, and prone to be angry or aggressive at others. We also have reported the PSAP which seems to be closely associated with the presence of PSEI. The lesion distribution appears to be also similar. Both PSEI and PSAP respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggesting that these symptomsmay be possibly related to the alteration of serotonin after brain injury. Likewise, PSAP also produces a great deal of frustration and embarrassment among patients and caregivers. In summary, emotional disturbances such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger-proneness and fatigue are fairly common but under-recognized sequelae of stroke. These emotional disturbances decrease the quality of life of the patients and caregivers, and may adversely affect the overall prognosis. Therefore, these problems must be appropriately recognized and alleviated. Finding strategies to relieve the symptoms is imperative by understanding the causative factors in individual patient.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2008

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among physical therapists. Currently, healthcare is changing very rapidly with developments in science and technology. In response to these rapid and uncontrollable changes, organizational members are often empowered. Through the empowerment process, feelings of powerlessness and frustration can be reduced and factors promoting work performance, such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment could be enhanced. One said this term popularly, there was a lack of study. There have been few studies on physical therapy administration. Data was collected from 352 therapists from many hospitals from February 1 to February 28, 2008, and analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, etc., were performed. The results were as follows: Of all the characteristics of empowered subjects, gender (p<.05) and age were observed to be significantly different (p<.01). Educational background, working pattern, marriage status, and the period of duty were observed to be different among empowered therapists (p<.001). The degree of empowerment as perceived by therapists was 58.72. Empowerment was correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment (p<.01). The study on empowerment was significant from the aspect of strategies to increase work performance. To elucidate the optimal strategy to effectuate empowerment in clinical practice, we studied various aspects of empowerment. Further studies on the relationship between empowerment and organizational commitment are warranted.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.565-587
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• 2014

자기조절학습전략은 메타인지적, 인지적, 동기적, 행동적인 전략들을 자율적으로 선택하고 적용하여 학습자가 적극적이고 능동적으로 학습에 참여할 수 있도록 돕는 학습전략이다. 본 연구의 목적은 수학저널 쓰기학습에서 자기조절학습전략의 양상은 어떠한가를 살펴보기 위함에 있다. 수학저널은 총 13문항으로 자기조절학습전략의 하위요소별로 1~2문항씩 구성하였다. 연구의 결과 수학저널에서 메타인지전략은 학습 목표 설정, 문제해결전략탐구, 반성적 사고, 예를 들어 설명하기 등으로 표현되었다. 인지전략은 아이디어간의 구조 파악하기, 위계화하기, 핵심 내용 파악하기 등으로 표현되었다. 동기전략은 학습에 대한 만족감과 불안감, 차후 학습에 대한 자신감과 좌절감 등으로 표현되었다. 이는 수학저널 쓰기학습을 통하여 자기조절학습전략이 활용되고 있으며 효율적이고 성공적인 학습을 돕는다는 점에서 수학 교육학적인 시사점이 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2016

조직정치지각은 직무요구에 있어 스트레스를 주는 요인으로 연구되어 왔으며 종업원들의 부정적 태도와 행동을 유발시킨다. 직무요구자원 모델에 의하면 소진은 높은 직무요구가 직무자원을 감소시켜 발생시키며 낮은 수준의 동기와 높은 수준의 냉소, 좌절을 이끈다. 현재까지는 조직정치지각과 소진에 환경과 조건에 대한 연구가 부족하다. 본 연구는 조직정치지각과 직무소진의 관계에 있어 욕구 만족의 매겨역할을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 그리고 조직정치지각과 욕구만족에 있어 심리적 자본의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구는 대한민국의 통신사와 전자제조회사 직원 220명을 대상으로 실시되었다. 분석결과, 조직정치지각과 직무소진에 있어 욕구만족은 매개역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 조직정치와 욕구만족에 있어 심리적 자본이 조절역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 조직정치지각과 소진에 있어서 욕구만족과 심리적 자본이 포함된 새로운 인과관계를 제시하고, 인사부서와 조직 리더들에게 실용적인 시각을 제시한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Objectives : Chronic pain affects and is affected by physical and psychosocial factors. It also has a complicated and indefinite mechanism. This research is for clarifying relations with chronic pain, stress, and autonomic nerve system by comparing HRV and Stress Reaction Index(SRI) of chronic pain patients with those of acute pain patients. Methods : The subjects were 32 patients who visited Kangnam Kyunghee Hospital for nuchal pain or low back pain treatment from March 2008 to September 2008. Among them, 16 patients who suffered over 6 months are classified chronic pain group and 16 patients who suffered under 6 months as acute pain group. All subjects had their HRV(SA-2000E: Medicore Co..Ltd. Korea) and SRI measured at first visit. We studied the difference of HRV between two groups.(Statistics by Student t-test, p<0.05) Results : R-MSSD, TP, VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF ratio of the chronic pain group were significantly lower than those of the acute pain group. Compared with those of the acute pain group, total SRI of the chronic pain group were low but it's not significant except frustration. Conclusion : The results of HRV of the chronic pain group patients show that chronic pain is related to psychosocial factor and autonomic disturbance.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 1992

Immigration of Koreans to the United States has increased since the 1960's. Adjusting to life in the United States produces a great deal of stress for immigrants. Despite better economic opportunites, many see the U.S. culture as threatening to their family and cultural values. Differences in culture, language, expectations and social behavior can lead to misunderstandings between health care providers and clients. These misunderstanding can leaf to frustration on the part of each. The ultimate result of this is that often Korean-immigrants do not get their health care needs met and stress response symptoms can lead to disease if there is no appropriate care. To determine the health care needs and concerns of Korean-Americans, a health needs assessment is needed. Appropriate and adequate information about the health care needs of these individuals is important as it relates to American policy changes allowing greater numbers of immigrants to enter the U.S. The purpose of this prospective study was to describe Korean-American stress response. This study focused on the primary presenting problems for which subjects reported having sought care. These included a variety of stress-related symptoms, including peripheral manifestations, cardiopulmonary symptoms, central-neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle tension, habitual patterns, depression, anxiety, emotional irritability and cognitive disorganization. Of the 300 subjects who entered the study, 80% (N＝223) completed the questionnaire in full. Demographically, the percentage of females and males was 50% each and they ranged in age from 20 to 69 years. Ninety percent of the subjects were highly educated, 25% owners of business, 25% white collar professionals, 15% employed in sales or as skilled /unskilled labor, 30% had no occupation : and 5% were housewives or students. The SOS inventory is designed to quantify self-perception of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological components of the stress response. It consisted of 94 items divided into 10 subscales. The result of this study are as follows : The total mean 505 of all subjects (N＝223 was .8129 ; the mean 505 for male(N＝114) was .7665 and for females, (N＝108) .8594. The level of symptoms for central-neurologic and muscle tension was higher for than for males. The highest stress response of all subjects was emotional irritability symptoms(1.0644) : the lowest stress response of all subjects was peripheral manifestation symptoms.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1221-1232
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to study how nurses interpreted the meaning of Hwa-Byung. It was carried through a review of literature, and the result is expected to explore ways that nursing intervention can promote the understanding of Hwa-Byung. The literature review focused on cultural psychology and psychiatrists' views toward Hwa-Byung. After that, it was reconfirmed concept of Hwa-Byung in nursing devived from historical analysis of the examples of Hwa-Byung from a true record of the Cho-Sun Dynasty(CD ROM, 1997). Characteristics of patients with Hwa-Byung include 'Hwa', an aspect of somatization, and self-diagnosing. It also could find that Hwa-Byung is characterized as 'Hwa', 'somatization' and 'self-diagnosis(subjectiveness)' according to a true record of the Cho-Sun Dynasty(CD ROM, 1997). The conceptual definition of 'Hwa', 'somatization' and 'self-diagnosing (subjectiveness)' are as follows. The core concept of Hwa-Byung, 'Hwa,' has the property of 'fire', and equals the feeling of injustice. Hwa-Byung means congestion of 'Hwa'. Therefore Hwa-Byung is the accumulation of being mistreated and mortified. The feeling of mistreatment comes from subjective experiences, which cannot be in harmony with the values, beliefs and rights of the patients. The situations that they have to endure again and again, though they are the sufferers, connote suppressed aggression and powerlessness endured over time. Suppressed aggression subordinated hostility, hatred and revengeful thoughts; powerlessness subordinates frustration, resignation, and fatalism. Somatization is another form of expressing 'Hwa' through physical symptoms. The somatization of clients with Hwa-Byung plays a role in expressing non-verbalized and suppressed emotions within themselves. The clients who experiences Hwa-Byung think that they know the cause of their illness and self-diagnose their problem as Hwa-Byung. Therefore, the feeling of unfairness which is the premise of Hwa-Byung infers 'subjectiveness' In conclusion, nursing's concept of Hwa-Byung is the accumulation of feelings of being mistreated and mortified. Hwa-Byung is the internalized 'Hwa' from enduring again and again. The feeling of being mistreated comes from subjective judgements about unfairness that cannot be harmonized with the clients' values, beliefs and rights. Those who can express their 'Hwa' only through their bodies imply suppressed aggression and powerlessness.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-37
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• 1996

This thesis investigates 220 female students ranging from 19 to 26 years old attending universities in the Wonju area to determine the correlations between mental health and the density of serum iron . According to their serum iron levels, they were divided into three groups and analyzed with the GARS Scale Assessment and the THI Test Assessment. The results are as follows;1. On the comprehensive GARS Scale tests, for all groups, task, occupation and levels of university-related frustration(1) marked the highest scores.2. On the comparative assessment of each group's GARS Scale scores, Group A showed higher stress perception in terms of personal relationship(2,3) than any orther groups. 3. On the comprehensive THI test scores coverring all groups, Multiple subjective symptoms(I) marked the highest scores. 4. On the comparative assessment of each group's THI test scores, Group A showed higher Multiple subjective symptoms(I) and Irregularities of life(G) than any orther groups.5. Comparing and analyzing the GARS Scale Assessment and the THI Test, we found that Group A showed high stress perception, which may cause psychosomatic diseases such as 'yu zheng(鬱證;melancholia). With those results, we can see that the contant of serum iron is correlated to stress perception and the condition of mental health. In the future studies using the GARS Scale and the THI Test, it will be necessary to examine more subject groups in terms of multi-aspects and to investigate the standard group in more detail.