• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.953-965
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• 2019

In this study, the Opuntia humifusa f. jeollaensis (Wanggasi-Chunnyuncho) fruit (WCF) was used as a source of viscous dietary fiber and color pigmentation in sausage production to improve quality characteristics, including cooking loss and emulsion stability. Control and treatment sausages were formulated with 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% WCF powder, respectively, and the following quality measures were investigated: general composition, fiber content, cooking loss, emulsion stability, chromaticity, pH, texture, and sensory properties. The moisture, dietary fiber, and ash contents showed increasing trends (all p<0.05) with increasing concentrations of fruit powder. Conversely, crude protein and crude fat contents exhibited decreasing trends with increasing fruit powder concentrations (p<0.05). Moreover, both the moisture and dietary fiber contents affected cooking loss, water retention capacity, and the sausage texture, causing the cooking loss to decrease, while the water and oil retention capacity increased (p<0.05) with increasing concentrations of WCF powder. Furthermore, hardness exhibited a significant decreasing trend as the concentration of WCF powder increased (p<0.05). This finding suggested that both dietary fiber and viscous materials, along with the protein and moisture content, affected the product hardness. In addition, sensory evaluation of the WCF powder groups showed better results than did the control group, and the strongest results obtained for the group containing 5% fruit powder (p<0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that WCF powder improves the quality of emulsified sausages and can potentially be applied as a naturally-derived additive.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2015

'Chuhwangbae' pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) were investigated on how types of paper bag and harvesting dates influenced on skin blackening before harvest as well as fruit quality after harvest. Experiments included four different types of paper bags (NP/YP, GP/YP, NP/BP, and NP/RP) and five different harvesting dates [160, 170, 180, 190, and 200 days after full bloom (DAFB)]. NP/YP and GP/YP indicated for newspaper- and gray paper-outer bag, respectively, with yellow paper-inner bag of the both. NP/BP and NP/RP indicated for newspaper-outer bag of the both with black paper- and red paper-inner bag, respectively. The NP/YP (newspaper/yellow paper) showed high absorbance and air and water vapor permeability in the bags, while the NP/RP (newspaper/red paper) resulted in poor physical properties in the bags. Fruit enclosed with NP/YP resulted in the absence of skin blackening, but fruit with NP/RP bags had the highest skin blackening (12.7%). Occurrence of skin blackening was concentrated on the middle and calyx end-part of fruit region. NP/RP bag treatment was likely to increase fruit weight, firmness, titratable acidity, and fruit surface color. Harvest at high relative humidity in air increased skin blackening of fruit. Later fruit harvest, such as 190 and 200 DAFB, increased skin blackening, fruit weight, and sugar content while decreasing fruit firmness and titratable acidity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.158-166
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is a fruit tree with relatively small cultivation area in Korea and researches on its soil and physiology are very limited compared to those on cultivar development. Therefore, there are limited information for farmers to cope with the reduction in productivity due to various physiological disorders and premature aging. This study was conducted to investigate the soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics, which will be used as basic data for stable kiwifruit orchard soil management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics were investigated for two years in 16 kiwifruit orchards growing 'Hayward' (Actinidia deliciosa) in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Soil and leaf samples were collected in July and fruit quality was investigated by harvesting fruits about 170 days after full bloom. The average soil chemical properties of kiwi orchards were generally higher than the recommended level, except for pH, and especially, the exchangeable potassium reached about 300% of the recommended level. The proportions of orchards that exceeded the recommended level of soil chemical properties were 63, 31, 100, 69, 94, 88 and 69% for pH, EC, organic content, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. Thirty-three percent of orchards had more than 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen in soil. Available phosphate in soil showed a significantly positive correlation with leaf nitrogen, phosphoric acid and calcium content, but showed a significantly negative correlation with leaf potassium content. The magnesium content in the leaves was significantly correlated with soil pH. The highest fruit weight was observed in about 25 g/kg of leaf nitrogen content which could be attained when plants were grown on the soil containing about 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content. The average soluble solids content among 16 orchards was 9.58 °Brix at harvest and 13.9 °Brix after ripening, which increased about 45%, and the average fruit weight was about 110 g. CONCLUSION(S): For fruit quality, fruit soluble solids (sugar compounds) content was significantly correlated with leaf potassium content, fruit hardiness with leaf total nitrate, calcium and magnesium, and fruit titratable acidity with leaf magnesium; however, leaf calcium and magnesium negatively affect the soluble solids contents in fruits.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2011

The effects of organic calcium agent(ECa) tree-spray on the mineral nutrition concentration of petiole and fruit skin and quality in grapevines were studied. The calcium concentration of petiole and fruit skin at harvest in 'Campbell Early' by tree-spray after flowering 14days of calcium agent were increased significantly in calcium chloride 0.4%, ECa 250X and MCa 500X compared to control. The calcium concentration of petiole and fruit skin at harvest by ECa tree-spray after 7 days and 14 days flowering were increased significantly compared to control and 21 days after flowering treatment. Also, The calcium concentration of petiole and fruit skin at harvest by tree-spray of ECa 250X and 125X after flowering were increased significantly compared to control and 500X treatment. Fruit quality, fruit cluster weight, cracking fruit and Bitter rot occurrence by ECa tree-spray of treatment time and concentration different showed no difference between control. Phytotoxicity by tree-spray of ECa concentration different not occur to leaf and fruit.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.583-591
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• 2011

'Formosa' plums were picked at three maturity stages according to skin redness, treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP at $10^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and then stored for 21 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Ethylene production, respiration rate, firmness, color, TSS, TA, and ethanol concentration were determined. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity were determined periodically by separating the flesh from the peel. Ethylene production and respiration rate were strongly inhibited in all stages of the 1-MCP-treated fruit, while ethylene production dramatically increased in all stages of non-treated fruit until 11 days after harvest, after which it decreased until the end of the experiment. The respiration rate of the stored fruit increased for 11 days in stages 1 and 2 and for 7 days in stage 3 and decreased after. 1-MCP-treated fruit in all stages showed delay in fruit quality changes such as firmness, TA, skin color, and ethanol concentration, but non-treated fruit did not. Total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of 'Formosa' plums were not affected by 1-MCP treatment or maturity stage. However, those values were higher in the peel than in the flesh.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to examine effect of ethylene removal apparatus on fruit quality of 'Niitaka' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) in case of a double storage of apples and pears in a storage room. Ethylene and carbon dioxide concentration were efficiently decreased by the ethylene removal apparatus. Fruit weight loss was high at double storage of apples and pears (DAP) in a storage room compared with storage of pears. Fruit core browning was $5{\sim}22.5%$ at the fruits in DAP, but as setting ethylene removal apparatus it was not occurred till 90 days after storage. Soluble solids content and fruit peel hardness were not different among the treatments. Accordingly, a double storage of apples and pears in a storage room is possible as setting ethylene removal apparatus.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.621-630
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• 2014

This study presents the quality characteristics of blueberry bread. Blueberry fruit powder was added to bread dough at various concentrations ranging from 3~9%, after which physicochemical properties of dough and bread containing blueberry fruit powder were determined. The pH, loaf volume, specific loaf volume, dough volume and baking loss decreased with increasing amount of blueberry fruit powder in bread, whereas loaf weight and hardness were reduced. In particular, hardness appeared to be 1.98 times higher in the control without blueberry powder compared to the bread containing 9% blueberry powder. For color, increasing the amount of blueberry fruit powder reduced L and b values, whereas a value was increased. In the sensory evaluation, the highest overall preference score was observed in bread containing 6% blueberry powder, whereas the lowest score was observed in bread with 9% blueberry powder. From these results, blueberry bread with good acceptability has an optimum blueberry powder concentration of 6%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.521-529
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• 2022

This study evaluated the effects of agricultural reflective film and HANSPEK film on the fruit quality attributes and peel color variables of 'Fuji' apples. The reflective films were applied under the tree canopies at 20 and 30 days before harvest (DBH), and a tree with no films was used as the control. Depending on the measurement locations, the light intensity was 7.4 - 14.6% higher in the reflective film treatments than that of the control. However, no difference in the light intensity was observed between the reflective and HASPEK films. In addition, the light intensity was not also different between the 20 and 30 DBH. At harvest, the flesh firmness, fruit weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and internal ethylene concentration were not different regardless of the type of reflective film and treatment time. In addition, the peel color variables were not affected in the equatorial region. However, in the calyx region, the L* and b* values were decreased, and the a* value was increased by the reflective and HANSPEK films compared with the control. Hence, the hue angle was decreased to near 0^o (red), and the peel color was improved. Therefore, this study suggests that the application of the HANSPEK film under a tree canopy could improve the fruit peel color of 'Fuji' apples.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of grafting methods on plug seedling quality, growth after transplanting, and yield of oriental melon that those seedlings were raised in the 32 hole plug tray for protected cultivation. Number of leaf and leaf area in approach grafting were higher until 15 days after grafting but lower on 20 days after grafting. Plant height, stem diameter and content of chlorophyll were nearly the same of each grafting methods on 20 days after grafting. Growth of top part, that is, plant height, leaf number, and leaf area on root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among the grafting methods. In the underground part, dry weight of root was high and T/R ratio was the lowest. Seedling quality of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among grafting methods before transplanting. Plant height, number of leaf, leaf area and dry weight of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting in the growth of field were the highest on 30 days after grafting among grafting methods and days required for first flowering was also shorter, 38.4 days among grafting methods. But Fruit weight, content of soluble solids, fruit hardness, and color characteristics in fruit quality were insignificant among each grafting methods. Consequently, grafting methods influenced on the seedling quality, of oriental melon early growth after transplanting and yields. It was concluded that root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the best methods in present study. It will be needed to convert grafting methods. Thus new grafting method should be applied.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify optimal concentrations of N (nitrogen) and K (Potassium) fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of melon (Cucumis melo. L) when they were grown with a fertigation culture in a greenhouse. Three strength (S) levels of fertilizers, including 1 S, 1/2S, and 1/4S were supplied N and K nutrients as using a trickle irrigation system. When the strength level of fertilizers was increased from 1/4S to 1 S, the level of EC (electronic conductivity) in soil was increased. Soil-water tension was ranged between -15 and -20kPa until fruit setting stage, whereas it was ranged between -45 and -50kPa in the later growth stages. In results, N fertilizer had effects on fruit yield and quality. A higher fruit yield was observed when plants were supplied with 1 S and 1/2S level of N fertilizer. The highest yield of marketable fruit, about 5,086kg/10a, was also observed when plants were supplied with 1/2S N fertilizer. A higher net index and sugar content of fruit was observed in the treatments of 1/2S and 1/4S level of N fertilizer compared to 1 S level. In contrast, there was no statistic difference in the yield and quality with three levels of K fertilizer. Results indicate that the 1/2S level for N and 1/4S level for K fertilizer are effective and optimal for the melon plants grown under the fertigation culture in terms of increasing fruit yield and quality and reducing the cost of fertilizers.