• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.664-669
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• 2014

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of viewing scenery and walking in the urban forest on physiological relaxation of humans. The experiment was conducted in Hanbat Arboretum located in Daejeon, and the control experiment was conducted in front of Daejeon City Hall. The subjects that participated in the experiment comprised 24 Korean male university students in their 20s (average age, $21.1{\pm}2.5years$), participated in the experiment as the subject, and these subjects were classified into three groups divided into three locations such as the pine forest in Arboretum, the pond in Arboretum, and the city. The subjects sat down and viewed scenery for 10 min, and they then walked for 15 min. Further, physiological changes were measured using indicators such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, and pulse rate. As a result, when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the urban forest, a statistically significant increase in the high frequency (HF) power of HRV and decrease in systolic pressure was observed compared with when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the city. Through this research, it was found that activities like viewing scenery or walking in Arboretum of the city are effective in increasing the physiological relaxation of the city residents.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.187-219
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• 2009

Under the pressure of the selection of topics and the presentation rules of mass media, politics in media society increasingly resort to professionalized forms of theatrical staging as a means of self-portrayal. Although these staging methods are not contradictory to what is actually going on in politics, they strongly advantage the tendency to focus exclusively on the staging of an event. Through their competition for public attention, politicians have been developing sophistication regarding placement and staging of events as well as regarding factual information. In the process of this transformation, politics that are issue-related and based on binding decisions are being gradually transformed into symbolic politics. Moreover, through their appearance on TV, politicians first of all need to possess presentational skills which are not necessarily related to their political achievements. Still, presentational skills decide over the success in politics of those politicians. The reason is that a politician who possesses presentational skills is still being perceived as being successful even if his political achievements notedly lag behind. On the other hand, political achievements are being underrated if a politician lacks the talent to present himself in front of the media. “The staging of politics, “politainment”, on the stage of mass media is evolving into a key structure which is responsible for a new coinage of politics in all different kinds of dimensions: the selection of staff, the role of action programs and their impact for the legitimation of political acting, even in relation to therole of pivotal political institutions such as parties and parliaments in the political process. The TV debates during the Bundestag elections of the year 2002 and 2005 are being analyzed and judged as “staging of politics”(politainment). Self-dramatization in media society concerning media discourses about politics and political self-portrayal has become a basic principle of political communication. Self-dramatization is a vital challenge for adequate political communication and content-based orientation in our present media democracies.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.451-468
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• 2020

Aging tunnels with small cross-sections can cause chronic traffic jams. This problem can be solved by widening the tunnel. In general, when the tunnel is expanded, the outer portion of the existing tunnel is excavated through a mechanical or blasting method. Such excavation affects not only the surrounding ground but also the existing tunnel. The application of the pre-cutting method can be a solution to these problems effectively. Therefore, if the widening of tunnel is performed by applying pre-cutting method, analysis of the impact of this method must be performed. In this study, in order to analyze the effect of applying pre-cutting in tunnel widening, numerical analysis is performed at six ground grades, from grade I to weathered rock. The analysis is performed with the expanding lane and the excavation length of pre-cutting as variables. In addition, the analysis is focused on the displacement of crown of the existing tunnel and the enlarged tunnel. As a result, the crown displacement of the enlarged tunnel is confirmed to converge at the same value regardless of the excavation length of the pre-cutting when the tunnel widening is completed. In the case of existing tunnels, uplift of crown occurs within 5 m of the front of the tunnel surface, and the shorter the excavation length of pre-cutting is found to be effective in preventing the occurrence of uplift.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2015

Objective : The purposes of this study was to analyze the effects of the stirrup length fitted to the rider's lower limb length and it's impact on less skilled riders during trot in equestrian events. Methods : Participants selected as subjects consisted of less skilled riders(n=5, mean age: $40.02{\pm}10.75yrs$, mean heights: $169.77{\pm}2.08cm$, mean body weights: $67.65{\pm}7.76kg$, lower limb lengths: $97.26{\pm}2.35cm$, mean horse heights: $164.00{\pm}5.74cm$ with 2 type of stirrups lengths(lower limb ratio 74.04%, and 79.18%) during trot. The variables analyzed consisted of the displacement for Y axis and Z axis(head, and center of mass[COM]) with asymmetric index, trunk front-rear angle(consistency index), lower limb joint(Right hip, knee, and ankle), and average vertical forces of horse rider during 1 stride in trot. The 4 camcorder(HDR-HC7/HDV 1080i, Spony Corp, Japan) was used to capture horse riding motion at a rate of 60 frames/sec. Raw data was collected from Kwon3D XP motion analysis package ver 4.0 program(Visol, Korea) during trot. Results : The movements and asymmetric index didn't show significant difference at head and COM, Also, 74.04% stirrups lengths in trunk tilting angle showed significant difference with higher consistency than that of 79.18% stirrups lengths. Hip and knee joint angle showed significant difference with more extended posture than that of 74.04% stirrups lengths during trot. Ankle angle of 79.18% stirrups length showed more plantarflexion than that of 74.04% stirrups lengths. Average vertical force of rider showed significant difference with higher force at 79.18% stirrups lengths than that of 74.04% stirrups lengths during stance phase. Conclusion : When considering the above, 74.04% stirrups length could be effective in impulse reduction with consistent posture in rather less skilled horse riders.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.609-621
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• 2016

A close-up shot, capturing all the fine details of an actor's face by filling up the frame, expresses an actor's performance more realistically than a stage where a living actor performs on. This is because a close-up generates an impact with its specific images and meanings seizing the attention of the audience and conjures up a psychological effect as if an actor's face is directly communicating with the audience at a minimum distance. Therefore, this study analyzed the film to examine the photographic effect and acting effect of close-up shots and recommend the need for acting training thereof. The film was selected since Song Kang-ho, to add more realism to his character acted going back and forth 20 years of age with a special makeup on face, his facial expressions, gestures, props in close-up successfully helped deliver the actor's performance by revealing the character's personality and emotions of the film, and generated an array of linguistic, visual and emotional meanings which are the key to film acting. This study is expected to contribute to helping actors to learn about the effect of close-ups and the key to film acting and find effective ways to express themselves in front of the camera.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.406-414
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• 2020

The Farm-Closure Assistance (FCA) program is operated to compensate for lost farm income, to stabilize the management of low-competitive farms, and to enhance competitiveness of target items. The FCA, however, has several problems, such as the balloon effect and fraudulent receipts. Therefore, it is important to examine the operational problems of the FCA, establish improvement plans, and settle the measures. The objectives of this study are to analyze problems and suggest solutions for FCA, reflecting the viewpoints of local government officials who are in charge of actual tasks on the FCA front lines. The study analyzes whether characteristics of government officials lead to differences in setting the maximum amounts and extensions to FCA. Factors influencing the necessity of setting ceilings on FCA were work experience, recognition of agriculture's importance, and the FTA's impact on domestic agriculture, gender, and regions. Factors affecting the extension of FCA were the agency unit, work experience on the FTA, recognition of the effects of FTA direct payments and FCA, and recognition of the subsidy's direction. The results can be employed as a fundamental background that can set the direction for institutional improvement when the government tries to improve FCA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.361-374
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• 2007

This study presents long-term shoreline changes of barrier islands in Nakdong Estuary using aerial photographs. Digital photogrammetry is used for constructing mosaic aerial photographs, which yield six sets of shoreline data ranging from 1975 to 2001. Three kinds of rate of shoreline changes such as EPR (End Point Rate), JKR(Jackknife Rate) and LRR (Linear Regression Rate) are computed by a GIS-based Digital Shoreline Analysis Systems. There have been remarkable changes both in Sinja Island and Doyodeung. Western part of Sinja Island advanced seaward, whereas eastern part retreated landward, giving appearance that the island rotated counterclockwise. Rate of shoreline changes at both ends reach 20 m/yr. Doyodeung occurred newly in front of Baekhapdeung in 1993, resulting in shoreline advance in a rate of 40 m/yr. Rate of shoreline changes differ both within and between barrier islands and have a tendency to increase eastward. To understand this spatial variability of rate of shoreline changes, it is suggested to make a detailed investigation into the impact of coastal development on hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.857-868
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• 2004

Since the self-purification capacity of rivers in Korea is significantly controlled by environmental maintenance flow supplied by upstream reservoirs during drought season, it is obviously important to operate the river and reservoir systems considering not only water quantity aspect but also conservation of downstream water quality and ecosystem. In this study, an unsteady river water quality model KORIVl- WIN was developed as a tool for evaluating the impact. of reservoir operations on the downstream water quality. The model parameters were calibrated and verified using field data obtained in Geum River on September and October of 2002, respectively. Intensive data sampling was performed on November 22, 2003 to investigate the effect of a short-term flushing discharge of Daecheong Reservoir, which increased outflow from 30 $m^3$/s to 200 $m^3$/s for 6 hours, on downstream water quality. The model performance was evaluated by comparing simulated results with observed data including hydraulics, biochemical oxygen demand(BOD$_{5}$), nitrogen and phosphorus species during the flushing event. It showed very good performance in predicting the travel time of flushing flow and water quality variations of dissolved forms of nitrogen and phosphorus species, while revealed large deviations for BOD$_{5}$ possibly due to missing the effect of organic matters resuspension from river bottom sediment during the wave front passage.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2013

Non-point pollution source is difficult to control due to uncertain outflow path and emission. So, There are many development and research to Best Management Practices(BMP) established to manage the Non-point pollution source. Besides, various methods of estimated efficiency to exact assessment of BMP is presented. In this study, the impact about length of Grassed Swale on reduction efficiency based on monitoring results of Grassed Swale by length is studied. By estimating Grassed Swale reduction efficiency in a variety of methods, the difference between the methods of estimated efficiency was compared with those that. Estimated efficiency method using ER, SOL, ROL, ROF, SOLF, and ROLF methods is analyzed. EMC analysis result is high inflow and outflow concentration distinction organic compound for nutritive salts The result of efficiency analysis along Grassed Swale length sharply increases in a Grassed Swale inlet. After this increase, the efficiency gradually decreases. This is expected that cistern installed in the end of the front. To obtain a stable reduction efficiency of Grassed Swale, minimum length 30m of Grassed Swale should be enough. Also, in order to efficiently and economically design Grassed Swale, the researches on length of Grassed Swale are needed rather than simple analysis of efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2017

Unusual precipitation caused by typhoons and severe rain stormscan threaten human life and property. Thus, various organizations prepare emergency action plans (EAPs) to provide proper guidelines for operators, experts, and emergency response personnel to protect and enhance critical infrastructure. For example, FEMA and DHS have various types of EAPs for dams, levees, and other structures to protect people and property. FEMA defines EAPs as official documents to decrease the damage and impact in emergency situations and to reduce casualties. These documents should consider all possible situations in an emergency and can reduce problems in facility management. This study analyzes EAPs for infrastructure from the USA, Japan, and Korea in order to suggest an ideal EAP framework. EAPcontent can include how to guide experts and operators in disaster stages (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery), how to operate emergency equipment, and how to protect critical infrastructure and life. The suggested EAP framework performed very well in a test location. It can therefore be used for infrastructure organizations in Korea and to inform of the appropriate processes and methods for risk reduction in flood disasters.