• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2005

This experiment on intercropping system of Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ, using safflower, young radish, sesame, and periller as intercrops, had been carried out to increase the productivity of natural resources to the fullest and to use farm land most efficiently for 3 years from 2001 to 2003. Every intercrop could be grown up without any harmful effect on the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. There was little difference in bulb yield plant of Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. per among intercropping systems, but there was more bulb yield per the unit area in single cropping than in intercropping system. The income of cropping system containing Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. was higher $45\%$ and $35\%$ in Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ.+young radish and Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ.+safflower+perilla than in Fritillaria thunbergii MIQ. mono-crop system respectively.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.25-26
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2010

패모(貝母)는 땅속의 뿌리줄기에 있는 2매의 비늘조각(인편(鱗片))이 마치 조개처럼 합쳐 있어 패모라 불리우며, 백합과로 숙근성 다년생 초본의 절패모(浙貝母; Fritillaria thungergii) 및 동속식물의 비늘줄기를 기원으로 하며, 중국의 강소 절강 안휘 등지에서 대량으로 재배되고 있다. 패모의 줄기는 15~40cm정도로 곧게 자라며, 꽃은 4~5월에 피며, 윗부분의 엽액에 1개씩 밑을 향하여 달린다. 종자는 결실률이 매우 낮아 이용을 할 수 없어 번식은 대부분 비늘줄기의 인편이나 자구를 이용한다. 약용부위는 인경(鱗莖)(비늘줄기)이 사용되는데, 인경(鱗莖)에는 알칼로이드물질인 verticine, fritillin, peimisine, peimine 등의 주요 성분을 함유하여 약리작용으로는 중추신경마비, 혈압강하 및 진해작용이 있다. 한방에서는 진해, 거담, 배농, 폐렴, 기관지염 등으로 이용하는 중요한 약초 중의 하나이나, 값싼 중국산 패모의 수입으로 우리나라에서는 재배가 붕괴되어 현재는 재배면적이 거의 없는 자원고갈 약초로 재배면적 확보가 시급한 실정에 있어 이를 되살리기 위한 노력이 절실한 실정이다. 따라서 패모 자구 증식을 위하여 온도와 $GA_3$, 상토의 조건에 따른 시험을 수행한 결과 패모 자구의 증식 효과는 저장온도 온도가 낮을수록 자구의 증식이 많아 $5^{\circ}C$에서 주당 5.5개로 구수의 증식효과가 높았으며, 상토는 모래와 밭흙에서 각각 3.1개, 2.5개로 많았으나, $GA_3$과 온탕처리에 있어서는 차이가 없었다.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.89-90
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to establish a year-round production system of pathogen-free stock through micropropagation in Fritillaria thunbergii as medicinal bulbous plant. The effect of different types of culture method and plant growth regulators, activated charcoal and mannitol on bulblet formation and subsequent growth were investigated. The MS solid medium containing 1. 0 mg/L kinetin and 0. 3 mg/L NAA was effective on bulblet formation and propagation rate compared to liquid and suspension culture. Addition of activated charcoal at 0. 01% to 0. 1% in the medium promoted bulbing of cultured bulblets and shoot formation. Addition of 1% to 2% mainnitol in MS medium was effective on the formation of bulblet and subsequent growth of bulblets compared to control. In addition of inhibitors, $10{\sim}100\;mg/L$ B-9 and Chloromequat had effective to stimulate bulblet growth but their effects were not so much as mannitol treatment. ABA treatment had detrimental effect on survival rate of explant and bulblet formation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 1996

To improve the efficiency of mass propagation in vitro of Fritillaria thunbergii, bulb scale and nodes were cultured in LS medium supplemented with the combination of 2, 4-D and kinetin or NAA and BA. The number and size of bulb, the number of adventitious shoot, the ratio of callus formation, rooting, and the effects of light and dark on the culture, plant regeneration from calli, and the gelling substances were investigated. The combination of 2, 4-D and kinetin in media was more effective than the media of NAA and BA for the bulblet formation. The media supplemented with 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin, $1{\sim}2\;mg/L$ 2, 4-D without kinetin and $1{\sim}3\;mg/L$ BAA only were effective in the adventitious shoot development. Callus formation and root formation, respectively were effective in the medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2, 4-D and 1mg/L kinetin. In bulb formation, the medium with 5 mg/L kinetin was effective, and the most of bulbs were formed from the axillary bud of node part. In bulb formation, shoot growth, callus and root formation, the light culture for 16 hours per day was better than that in the dark culture. Bulb was nicely formed in the medium with 0. 2 mg/L 2, 4-D, 1 mg/L kinetin. The medium without hormone was most effective for plant regeneration. The phytagel was more effective than agar in the medium as the gelling agent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to establish micropropagation system in Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Through the culture of bulblet scales, stems, node-buds and shoot tips with special reference to the effect of physiological age of explant and plant growth regulators on bulblet formation. Number of formed bulblets was significantly increased in node-bud or stem tissue compared to scals segments and on the medium supplemented with kinetin than BA containing medium. Optimum levels of kinetin for bulblet formation from node-bud taken from above 3 cm shoot length and stem segments excised from below 3 cm shoot length were 5.0 mg /L and $1.0{\sim}3.0\;mg$ /L kinetin, respectively. Interesting phenomenon was observed, the direct formation of bulblets from the axilliary bud of cultured explants. Bulblet forming capacity in stem tissue was depended on stem age, young stem had high regeneration ability compared to old stem taken from above 10 cm shoot length. 1.0 mg /L kinetin was optimum concentration for the formation of bulblets from old stem segments. Stem tissue taken from underground growing plant was promoted coampare to shoot tips or bulb scale segments. Optimum concentration of sucrose was $5{\sim}7%$. Summariged above results revealed that effective explant for micropropagation was stem and /or node-bud tissue excised from less than 3 cm plant height compared to those of bulb scale segments which showed high contamination after culture. Maximum multiplication rate of young stem and /or node-bud segment was about 20 times. Kinetin requirement for stimulation of bulblet formation from cultured explant depended on source of explants but favorable levels of kinetin for organogenesis ranged from 1.0 mg /L to 5.0 mg /L.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information for the establishment of in vitro initial culture system in Fritillaria thuubergii Miq. Methods of surface sterilization of scale segments as explant and effect of antibiotics added into the culture medium on contamination of explant and chilling treatment of mother bulb on bulblet formation were investigated. Portent of contamination of cultured scale segments was significantly higher in the outer scale segments which were unsuitable as initial culture explant than inner scale segments. Contamination of explants taken from inner scale of bulb was reduced by surface sterilizing explants in the solution of $4{\sim}5%$ sodium hypoclorite for $10{\sim}15$ mimutes. Addition of antibiotics such as kanamycin, vancomycia cefotaxim, agrirnycin and agreptomycin and dithane as fungicide and$lncyte^{tm}$ into MS medium was effective to reduce bateriological contamination, but did not work to control fungi. It had effective to delay the degree of contamination caused by fungi and bacteria haboring in cultured explants. Bulblet formation from cultured scale segments was promoted by dry storage for $2{\sim}4$ weeks or moisture storage of mother bulbs for $4{\sim}6$ weeks at $10^{\circ}C$ before excision of explants. Addition of kinetin into medium could not exerted for the bulblet formation from the scale segment of dry storaged bulb compared to control. But explant taken from 6 week moisture storaged bulb formed more than 10 bulblets per explant on the medium containing $3{\sim}5mg/L$ kinetin.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of cultural years on the growth and yield of Fritillaria thunbergii. It was planted on Middle September, with high ridge between $100cm\;(2 lines){\times}interrow 9cm$ and N-P-K=8.1-11.2-8kg/10a of fertilizers treated basal application. Cultural years were 1, 2 and 3 years, the block of 2 or 3 years was additional same amount of fertilizers at early spring. The results were summarized are as follows. Rapid bulb filling stage was begun 32 days after sprouting, and completed bulb growth needed 72 days. Dry weight/fresh ratio of bulb was ranged from $27.2{\sim}30.3$%. Rate of over 5g bulb weight was 89% at 1 year, 87% at 2 years and 77% at 3 years and bulb yield were 638kg/10a at 1 year. Compared with yield at 1 year, the yield increased 88% at 2 years and 189% at 3 years.