• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.99-109
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• 2022

In this study, an electric resistance-heated surface friction spot-welding process was proposed and tested for the spot-welding ability of copper and aluminum dissimilar metal sheets using electric resistance heating and surface friction heating. This process has welding variables, such as the current value, energizing cycles, rotational speed, and friction time. The current value and energizing cycle can affect the resistance heat, and the rotational speed of the rotating pin and friction time influence frictional heat generation. Resistance heating before friction heating has a preheating effect on the Cu-Al contact interface and a positive effect on preventing friction heat loss during the friction stage. However, because resistance preheating can soften the copper sheet and affect the contact stress and friction coefficient, it has difficulties that may adversely affect frictional heat generation. Therefore, the optimal combination of welding variables should be determined through simulations and experiments of the spot-welding process to determine the effects of electric resistance preheating on the suggested process. Through this procedure, it is known that the proposed spot-welding process can improve the welding quality during the spot welding of Cu-Al sheets.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 1998

The friction loss between piston rings and cylinder liner is due to the tension of the piston rings. Lubricant is usually supplied to reduce the friction. However, the sliding speed of the piston varies during the reciprocating cycle and is very low near TDC(Top Dead Center)/BDC(Bottom Dead Center), where the hydrodynamic lubrication cannot be sustained. Since the lubrication regime is shifted from the hydrodynamic to the boundary lubrication near TDC/BDC, wear particles are easily generated so that the friction loss becomes bigger and bigger due to the plowing effect of wear particles. In this study, for the purpose of reducing the friction loss, an undulated surface is adopted to the cylinder liner to trap wear particles. The friction force variations, which are measured by strain gaged, show that the concept of undulated surface is one of the promising methods to effectively reduce the friction between piston rings and cylinder liner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.54-57
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• 2002

In order to find the effect of lubricant viscosity, sheet surface roughness, tool geometry, and forming speed on the frictional characteristics in sheet metal forming, a sheet metal friction tester was designed and manufactured and friction tests of various sheets were performed. Friction test results showed that as the lubricant viscosity becomes lower, the friction coefficient is higher. When surface roughness is extreme1y low or high, the friction coefficient is high. As punch comer radius and punch speed are bigger, the value of friction coefficient is smaller. The sensitivity of friction coefficient is mainly governed by lubricant viscosity and sheet surface roughness.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.106-111
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• 2021

There are several studies on reducing the friction that occurs on the relative sliding contact surface of moving parts under extreme environments. In particular, a solid lubricated bearing is studied to solve the tribological problem with friction reduction and durability parts using solid lubricants (lead or silver) in a vacuum atmosphere. Galinstan is mainly used as a liquid metal lubricant, but it is inevitable to have limited tribological applications owing to its high coefficient of friction. Many researchers work on surface texturing for surface modification and precision processing methods. To increase durability and low friction, DLC coating with hydrophobicity is applied on the contact surface texture. Therefore, using an untextured specimen, a dimple specimen, and a DLC-coated dimple specimen under liquid metal lubrication, this paper presents the following experimental sliding friction characteristics in the sliding friction test. 1) The average coefficient of friction of the DLC-coated dimple specimen and dimple specimen are lower compared to that of a non-patterned specimen. 2) In the DLC-coated dimple specimens, the average coefficient of friction changes according to the change in the dimple density. 3) DLC-coated dimple specimens with a density of 12.5 have the lowest average coefficient of friction under 41.6 N of normal load and 143.3 RPM.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2014

This paper presents the hysteresis friction of a sliding elastomer on various types of surfaces. The hysteresis friction is calculated by means of an analytical model which considers the energy spent by the local deformation of the rubber due to surface asperities. By establishing the fractal character of the surfaces, the contribution to rubber friction of roughness at different length scales is accounted for. High resolution surface profilometer is used in order to calculate the main three surface descriptors and the minimal length scale that can contribute to hysteresis friction. The results show that this friction prediction can be used in order to characterize in an elegant manner the surface morphology of various surfaces and to quantify the friction coefficient of sliding rubber as a function of surface roughness, load and speed.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2009

In this study, friction tests were carried out in order to investigate the friction behavior of textured surface in unlubricated state using ball-on-disk type apparatus. Test specimens were SUJ2 bearing steel ball and SM45C steel disk. Square arrays of circular micro-dimples were created on the surface of disk specimen by Nd:YAG Laser. Friction tests were performed for the disk specimen with various micro-dimple parameters and was also conducted for the variation of normal loads and relative velocities. The results showed that fiction coefficient of textured surface was lower than that of non-textured surface and the deeper depth of micro-dimple was, the lower friction coefficient obtained at the same diameter of micro-dimple in unlubricated state. Area density of micro-dimple had an effect on the friction coefficient. It was also found that friction coefficient generally decreased with the increase of normal load and relative velocity.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

The friction force of patterned needle in elastomer have been investigated to verify the application for bio and plastic industry. The micro pattern on the needle surface were prepared by 266 nm, 20 ns laser and 800 nm, 220 fs laser, which were able to generate the different surface roughness. The friction force was measured by the load cell of 10 N capacity. As the results, the friction force of no patterned needle is almost constant during the needle penetrates the silicone rubber sample. However, the needle having asperities shows the variation of the friction force. The higher the surface roughness is, the smaller the friction force is until the surface roughness is very high. In our experiment conditions, the reduction of the friction force by 20 % compared to no pattern needle was achieved with straight and $50{\mu}m$ discrete line generated by 266 nm, 20 ns laser.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.262-269
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• 2018

In this work the friction and wear characteristics of the gray cast iron surface processed by broaching method, which is widely used in the machinery industry, were investigated. The broaching process is mainly used for mass production because it has high dimensional accuracy and processing speed, but the defects on surface can be easily generated. In order to improve the tribological characteristics, the approach was to reduce the roughness and hardness of the surface by adding a machining process to the broaching specimen. The secondary machining process using abrasive grains produces low roughness and hardness than broaching because it has high tool accuracy and removes the work hardened surface. The friction coefficient and the wear rate were assessed using a reciprocating-type tribotester to analyze the effects of surface finishing on the tribological properties. The friction tests were conducted under dry and lubricated conditions. The test results showed that the reduction of surface roughness and hardness through secondary machining process in lubricated condition improved the friction and wear characteristics. The reason why the same results did not appear in a dry condition was that wear occurred more rapidly than in lubricated condition. Thus, the positive effect of roughness and hardness of the surface obtained through the secondary machining process was not observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.205-211
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• 2000

Friction control is highly desirable for optimization of tribological systems. In this work, the effect of geometric structure of the solid surface on friction is investigated using a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with a tribotester. Silicon and silicon oxide specimens were used and undulations on the surface were fabricated by mechanical and chemical methods. It is shown that the friction coefficient depends on the relative dimensions of the ball and the width of undualation. By optimizing the geometry of the undulation, friction reduction may be achieved.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 1994

In order to elucidate the effects of co-existing additives (S$_{8}$, TBP: Tri butyl phosphate, ZnDTP: Zinc-dialkyl dithiophosphate) and the role of reacted surface film on the friction behavior of MoDTP (molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate), a friction experiment using a dual circular pipe edge surface type friction tester and XPS (X-ray photoelectronic spectrum) surface analysis were conducted. Friction reduction with MoDTP lubricant was proved to be greatly influenced by co-existing additive species. It was dependent on the properties of the film formed through the reaction between the additive and the surface. Phosphate film reduced the friction coefficient of MoDTP through suppression of diffusion of Mo compounds towards the metal substrate. On the other hand, sulfate film, which is inherently rich in lattice defects, did not lead to any appreciable friction reduction with MoDTP since the diffusion of the Mo compound towards the metal substrate was not effectively suppressed. With ZnDTP additive, the sulfide film formed through decomposition greatly influenced the lubricating performance of MoDTP. As such, properties of surface films formed from additives were proved to yield significant influence on the lubrication performance of MoDTP.