• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

This study was designed to determine the effects of swimming and low power laser on rheumatoid arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in 36 rats among 48 Sprague-Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of .05 $m{\ell}$ Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind paw and .05 $m{\ell}$ Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind knee joint capsule. A second injection was performed by the same method using .1 $m{\ell}$ Freund's Complete Adjuvant per a rat. Arthritic rats were divided into 8 groups: each 1 week and 2 weeks of arthritic swimming, arthritic laser, arthritic case control and normal group. In this study, several experimental tests were performed to determine the concentration of Interleukin-6, the space of the knee joint and the thickness of the hind paw. The concentration of Interleukin-6 and hind paw thickness decreased in the swimming group and laser group as compared to the control group. The space of the knee joint increased significantly after the swimming exercise. Swimming and low power laser therapy positively affect rheumatoid arthritis in rats affect by decreasing the concentration of Interleukin-6 and hind paw thickness, and increasing the space of the knee joint.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.407-414
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• 1990

The relationships of inhibitory activities of inflammation and wound healing of flavonoids were studied in vitro and in vivo. Generally flavonoids have not only significantly anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced paw edema and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis, but also inhibitory activity of wound healing. The more inhibitory activities of wound healing flavonoids have, the more they have the anti-inflammatory activities; apigenin > guercetin > flovone > rutin > hesperidin > naringin. Their inhibitory mechanism seems to be inhibition of the inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation, and so they decreased the granulomatous activity and tensile strength.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.169-189
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• 2000

To investigate effects of vanous herbal-acupuncture, which were Daebangpungtang, Oyaksungisan, Dokhwalgisaengtang, and Binsosan on Adjuvant Arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of TNF-${\alpa}$, COX -2, and IL-6, and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. After elicilating arthritis of Sprague Dawely(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complets adjuvant for 2 weeks, saline was injected for the control group, Daebangpungtang acua-acupuncture was injected for the Daebangpungtang group, Oyaksungisan acua-acupuncture was injected for the Oyaksungisan group, Dokhwalgisaengtang acua-acupuncture was injected for the Dokhwalgisaengtang group, and Binsosan acua-acupuncture was injected for the Binsosan group during 30days. Selected point was ST35 in all groups. 1. The number of WBC was $8.24{\pm}0.51$($10^3$/ml) in the normal group and $27.35{\pm}3.51$($10^3$/ml) in the control group. the Daebangpungtang group and the Oyaksungisan group decreased each $20.42{\pm}2.75$($10^3$/ml) and $19.78{\pm}4.99$($10^3$/ml) in the Exp.ll group. This fact showed that the group Exp.ll was more effective than the control group effectively. (P<0.05) 2. The volume of the paw were checked. The volume of paw was $0.62{\pm}0.11mm in the control group and $0.45{\pm}0.08$mm in the Daebangpungtang group and $0.47{\pm}0.07$mm in the Oyaksungisan group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Daebangpungtang and Oyaksungisan group(P<0.05) 3. The bands of the TNF-${\alpa}$, COX -2 in the muscular tissue of the control group wcre certain and thick than other groups(except normal group), and the band of the IL-6 in the muscular tissue of all group(except normal group) were similar forms. 4. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in thc control and Dokhwalgisaengtang group. But the Oyaksungisan and Daebangpul1gtang group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state. From these results, it is showed Oyaksugisan and Daebangpungtang acua-acupuncturc refrain inflammatory reaction and muscular tissue necrosis in SD rats paw were induced by Freund's complete adjuvant

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권4권
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• pp.400-404
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• 2006

본 연구는 랫드의 우측 후지 발바닥에 Freund's complete adjuvant를 투여하여 관절염을 유발한 후에 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 기제를 첨가한 경피용 ketoprofen 제제의 관절염 치료 효과를 확인하기 위해서 수행되었다. NMP를 함유한 ketoprofen 경피용 제제의 관절염 치료 효과를 알아보기 위해서 Sprague-Dawley 암칫 랫드를 대조군과 약물 투여군으로 분리하고, 약물 투여군은 ketoprofen 10mg/rat 투여군(K10군)과 NMP가 함유된 ketoprofen 10mg/rat 투여군(NK10군)으로 분류하였다. 실험적 관절염을 유발시킨 후 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$을 이용한 bone scan에서 골병변이 나타난 7일 후부터 14일 동안 약물을 매일 한번씩 랫드의 등에 극소 도포하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. NMP의 기제를 첨가한 ketoprofen 경피용 제제가 ketoprofen단독 경피용 제제 보다 후지 부종을 현저하게 감소시켰고 단순 방사선 사진과 scintigraphy에서 관절염에 의한 골 파괴를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 기초로 하여 관절염 치료에 있어 NMP를 함유한 ketoprofen 경피용 제제가 ketoprofen단독 제제보다 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Curcuma longa $L_{INNE}$ pharmacopuncture at $ST_{36}$ on Complete Freund's Adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Materials and methods : Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA subcutaneously into the left knee joint and paw, and Curcuma longa $L_{INNE}$ pharmacopuncture(CLL-A. $0.0343{\mu}g/kg$; CLL-B. $0.171{\mu}g/kg$; CLL-C. $0.343{\mu}g/kg$) was injected at $ST_{36}$ each other day for 5 times beginning on day 10 after the CFA injection. Paw edema, withdrawal response, hematological, serological and histological observation were assessed. Results : In paw edema volume all 3 groups(CLL-A, CLL-B, CLL-C) showed significant decrease compared to the CFA control group. In withdrawal response to reaction time and withdrawal response to force all 3 groups(CLL-A, CLL-B, CLL-C) showed significant increase compared to the CFA control group. In serum AST, group CLL-C showed significant decrease compared to the CFA control group. In histological observations, in all 3 groups, more normal chondrocytes were observed compared to the CFA control group and safranin O stain showed high positive reaction in the cartilage tissue close to the bone tissue. Conclusions : The results suggest that Curcuma longa $L_{INNE}$ Pharmacopuncture at $ST_{36}$ has a suppressing inflammation effect on Freund's adjuvant arthritis in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.176-188
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• 2002

Objective : Sono-acupoint (SA) therapy is a new therapeutic technique that combined with acupuncture points, herbal medicine and ultrasound therapy. This study was carried out to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of sono-acupoint therapy. Methods : We performed the tail-flick test with normal rats to examine the tail-flick latency (TFL), and the Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model to examine the edema, skin temperature and serum concentration of c-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor (RF). Herbal SA (HSA) treatment was performed at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) with the hanbang-gel made of several selected herbal drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats (male, $250{\pm}30g$). General SA (GSA) treatment was performed at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) with the gel used in ultrasound therapy. In arthritis rat model, Freund's adjuvant (50mg/ml) was injected in dorsal part of right foot, and these treatments were performed after 15 days. Results : TFL was lengthened after SA treatments. Skin temperature and RF concentration that were the evidence of arthritis in rats were decreased by HSA treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion : These results indicate that HSA has the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in rats, and further developments will produce the advance of this new therapeutic skill.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.715-723
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• 1999

Bee venom (BV) has been traditionally applied to relieve pain and to cure inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neuritis. While several investigators have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of BV treatment, the anti-nociceptive effect of BV treatment on inflammatory pain is not reported. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the analgesic effect of BV treatment using Freund's adjuvant induced chronic arthritis model. Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis has been used as an experimental animal model for RA in humans to assess the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs. In this study, subcutaneous BV treatment (1mg/kg/day) produced significantly reductions of symptoms related to arthritic pain (i.e. mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia). The anti-nociceptive effect of BV was observed from at least 12 days after BV treatment. Furthermore, BV treatment significantly suppressed adjuvant induced Fos expression in lumbar spinal cord. We also found that local injection of BV into near the inflammatory site (especially Zusanli-acupoint) showed more potent analgesic effect on arthritic pain rather than distant injection of BV from inflammatory site (arbitrary side of back). The present study demonstrates that BV treatment has anti-nociceptive effect on arthritis induced inflammatory pain. The analgesic effect of BV on RA is probably mediated by the effect of BV itself or possible other mechanism such as counter-irritation. Furthermore, it is possible that BV acupuncture is one of the promising candidates for long-term therapy of RA.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1999

This study was performed to assess that clinco-therapeutic effect of natural Italian honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. Ninety Sprague- Dawley rats of male were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Adjuvant arthritis was produced by a single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 0.1 ml paraffin oil into the right hindpaw. Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of arthritis development on day 14 after CFA injection. Experimental groups were divided into three groups. When arthritis was developed in the rat hind-paw, tested groups were administrated with prednisolone (10 mg/kg, p.o) and honeybee venom (one bee, s.c) at an interval of two days. Control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution in the rat at an interval of two days. Clinical findings, hematological values and histopathological findings were observed during or after the drugs administration. In tested groups, the development of inflammatory edema and polyarthritis on day 14 after treatment was suppressed. No significant differences of hindpaw edema volume and lameness score between prednisolone and honeybee venom groups were observed during or after therapeutic drugs treatment. WBC counts of prednisolone and honeybee venom treatment groups as compared with the control group were getting remarkably decreased during or after the therapeutic drugs administration(p＜0.01). Erosions of articular cartilage and inflammatory cell infiltrations during or after the therapeutic drugs treatment was effectively suppressed in natural honey venom.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 NEW STRATEGY FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN POST-GENOMIC ERA(대한약학회)
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• pp.236.1-236.1
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• 2000

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.335-338
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• 2009

Aerial parts of Sida rhombifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) were extracted successively using various solvents and screened for various parameters of antiarthritic activity such as adjuvant-induced arthritis, motor performance, and histopathological study. The ethanol and the aqueous extracts showed potent activity; further these extracts were fractionated by using column chromatography. The fraction ET1 isolated from ethanol extract showed the most potent antiarthritic activity.