• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

한국산 담수 패류에서 새인두홉충의 제1중간숙주를 밝히기 위해 경상북도 의성군 소재 가음지에 서 Lyrimaeidae과에 속하는 두 종류의 담수패류 물달팽이 (Ranix auiculiaria coreana) 및 애기물 달팽이 (Awpopeplea ollula)를 채집하여 조사하였다. 물달팽이 1.273개 중 12개에서 새인두흡충 유미유충이 유출되었다. 새인두흡충 유미유충은 brevifurcate이고, clinostomatoid 하였으며, 투명 한 dorsalan, 체전단에 잘 발달된 침입기구, 그리고 체중1부에 한쌍의 안점을 가지곤 있었다. 몸의 크기는 $119-147{\;}{\times}{\;}33-36{\mu\textrm{m}}$였고, tailstem은 $275-370{\;}{\times}{\;}19-26{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$, 그리고 furcae는 $72-104{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$였다. 새인두흡충 유충에 감염된 물달팽이를 파각하여 redia를 확인하였으며, 그 크기는 $527-1,630{\;}{\times}{\;}121-368{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$였고, 안에 10-45개의 germ ball과 다양한 발육상태의 유미유충을 가지고 있었다. 새인두흡충 유미유충을 실험적으로 감염시킨 참붕어에서 얻은 피낭유충은 자연 감염 에 의한 피낭유충과 동일한 형태학적 특징을 나타내었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1988

강원도 홍천군내를 임류하여 경기도 청평댐으로 유입되는 홍천강 유역 주민의 Metagonimus속 흡충 감염실태와 홍천강에 서식하는 중간숙주의 감염상을 조사하였다. 홍천강 유역 주민의 Metngonimus속 흡충 감염률은 529명(남 314, 여 215)중 39명(남 33명, 10.5%; 여 6명, 2.8%)으로 평균 7.4%의 양성률을 보였다. 총 8개 지점에 대한 조사중 북방면 굴흑이가 주민감엽률 26.9% (남자는 38.2%)로 가장 높았고 제 1중간숙주인 다슬기의 서식밀도도 높았다(m2당10∼20개). 다슬기의 Metagonimus 유미유충 감염률은 10.7%(121개중 13개)였다. 주민들의 호생식성 어종이며 근단. 수가 많은 피라미 (Zncco platypus)의 metacercaria 감염은 68.2%(44마리중 30마리)이며 주 검출부위는 비늘(89.9%)이었다. 피라미에서 검출된 metacercaria를 흰쥐에 감염시킨 다음 15일후에 성충을 회수하고, 사람에서 검출한 충체와 비교하였던 바 동일종으로 관찰되었다. 검출된 충체는 Metagcnimus takahashis([고교]흡충)와 기타 Metagonimus속 흡충이 혼재해 있었다. 이상의 결과로 강원도 홍천강 유역에 Metagonimus 흡충 감염이 높은 지역이 있음을 알았고 주요 감염원이 되는 어종은 피라미임을 알 수 있었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-65
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• 1983

As a part of the epidemiological studies of clonorchiasis, this study was conducted to evaluate the current endemicity and the natural transition of the Clonorchis infection in Gimhae Gun and delta area a high endemic area in Korea in recent years, prior to the introduction of praziquantel which will eventually influence the status of the prevalence. The data obtained in this study in 1983 were evaluated for natural transition of the infection in comparison with those obtained 16 years ago in 1967 by the author(Kim, 1974). The areas of investigation, villages and schools surveyed, methods and techniques used in this study were the same as in 1967, except for the contents of the questionnaire for raw freshwater fish consumption by the local inhabitants. 1) The prevalence rate of clonorchiasis in the general population of the villages was 48.1% on the average out of a total of 484 persons examined. The average of those of the riverside-delta area was 65.2% and 43.0% in the inland area. Among the schoolchildren, the prevalence rate was 8.2% on the average out of a total of 1,423 examined. By area, the prevalence rate was 10.8% in the riverside delta area and 2.8% in the inland area. By sex, difference in the prevalence was seen only in the inhabitants of the inland area showing 52.4% in the male and 33.5% in the female. 2) In the natural transition of the infection, the prevalence rate among the inhabitants has decreased from 68.8% in 1967 to 48.1% in 1983, and in the schoolchildren from 56.4% in 1967 to 8.2% in 1983. The reduction rate was higher in the riverside-delta area than in the inland area. 3) In the prevalence rate by age, 11.9% was first seen in the 5-9 age group and the rate gradually increased up to 75.0% in the 50-59 age group. By sex, the rate was higher in the male than in the female in the 20-29 age group and over. 4) In the natural transition of the prevalence rate by age, the reduction rate of the infection during the past 16 years was greater in the younger age groups up to the 40-49 age group and reached the same level in the age group 50-59. Reduction was seen again in the age group over 60s. By sex, the reduction rate was greater in the female than in the male in the 20-29 age group and over. By area, the reduction rate was greater in the riverside delta area than in the inland area, particularly in the young age groups. 5) In the intensity of the infection among the cases, the mean egg out-put per mg feces per infected cases(EPmg) in the inhabitants was 6.3. EPmg of those of the river-side-delta area was 15.4 and that of the in-land was 2.8. On the other hand, in the schoolchildren, EPmg was 3.2, and no difference was seen between the two areas, the river-side-delta area and the inland area. 6) In the transition of the intensity of the infection by area, EPmg among the inhabitants inexplically increased from 7.8 in 1967 to 15.4 in 1983. This was probably caused by uneven specimen collection in the process of sampling the population. EPmg of the inhabitants in the inland area and those of the schoolchildren of both riverside delta and inland areas showed a similar decrease in the past 16 years. 7) The intensity of the infection by age showed a relatively low level in the 20-29 age group and below, and EPmg 5.1-9.5 was seen in the 30-39 age group and over. Sex, Epmg was 5.8 in the male and 4.7 the female. By in 8) In the transition of the intensity of the infection, EPmg decreased from 6.2 in 1967 to 5.4 in 1983. By age, in contrast to the figures of 1967 in which EPmg gradually increased with some fluctuation from 1.1 in the 0-4 age group to peak 10.5 in the 50-59 age group, in 1983 lower intensity of the infection was seen in the age group from 10-14 to 20-29 with the EPmg range of 0.6-2.7. 9) In the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by the range of EPmg value, 43.2% of the cases were in 0.1 0.9 and 34.6% in 1.0-4.9. As a whole by cumulative percent, 44.6% of them were under 0.9 as light infection and 86.1% of them under 9.9 up to moderate infection. By sex, no difference was seen in Epmg. 10) In the transition of the distribution by the range of Epmg, the cases were distributed up to the range 80.0-99.9 in 1967 and to 60.0-79.9 in 1983. By cumulative percent, in the range of 0.1-0.9 and less, light infection, 34.3% of them were distributed in 1967 and 44.6% in 1983 with about 10% increase. In the range of 5.0-9.9 and less, up to moderate infection, 83.2% in 1967 and 86.1% in 1983 of the cases were seen, respectively. 11) The practice of raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants seems to have decreased in recent years. Those who admitted to raw freshwater fish consumption in the last two years among the infected inhabitants were 59.3%, although 86.8% of them professed to have experience with raw freshwater fish consumption. 31.7% of those who have had experience of the raw freshwater fish consumption denied any further consumption in recent years. From an interview of 543 school-children, 24.1% of them admitted to an experience of raw freshwater fish consumption. However, those who have practised in the past two years comprized 17.9%. Those who denied raw freshwater fish consumption in recent years among those who had such experience were 26.0% out of 131 interviewed. The rate of raw freshwater fish consumption in both inhabitants and schoolchildren were higher in the male than in the female. On the contrary, the rate of those who did not practise in recent years among those who had experience of raw freshwater fish consumption was higher in the female than in the male. 12) The major reason for the reduction of raw freshwater fish consumption among the local inhabitants was the risk of the fluke infection. However, it has become apparent that such change of taste has resulted from water pollution impact which has affected throughout the areas of the freshwater systems in this locality since last several years. 13) In animal survey, Clonorchis infection was seen in 14.8% of 88 dogs examined and 3.7% of 27 house rats examined. It was noted that populations of dogs and cats have increased in the villages surveyed. Although the prevalence rate was lower in the present survey than those of 1967, the significance of the animals as the reservoir host has not changed. 14) Prevalence rate of Clonorchis infection by cercariae in the first intermediate host, Parafossarulus manchouricus, was 0.6% out of 517 snails examined. The infection rate was lower in comparison with 2.3% out of 2,124 examined in 1967. Moreover, sharp decreases in number and distribution of the intermediate host snails in many watershed areas of the huge freshwater systems in this locality seemed to reduce transmission of Clonorchis in connection with the intermediate host stage of its life cycle. 15) Clonorchis infection in the second intermediate fish hosts was relatively low. The mean number of Clonorchis metacercaria per fish in Pseudorasbora parva was 517 in 1983, whereas it was 1943 in 1968 through 1969. Environmental water pollution has also caused the decreased fish population density in these areas, and this has also apparently affected to the practice of raw freshwater fish consumption among the local inhabitants. 16) In conclusion, endemicity of Clonorchis infection in Gimhae Gum and delta area of the Nagdong River has sharply decreased during the past 16 years. The major cause of the regressive transition of the infection was the water pollution of the land water systems of this locality. The pollution has upset the ecosystems comprizing of the intermediate hosts of Clonorchis in many areas, and also affected to a significant extent to the discontinuance of the local inhabitants for raw freshwater fish consumption.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2001

국내 5개 지역에서 채집된 염주알다슬기 (Koreanomelania nodifila)와 띠구슬다슬기(Koreoleptoxis globus ovalis)간의 유전적 분화수준을 토대로 속간 수준의 분류적 유의성을 검증하고자 전기영동을 이용한 등위효소 분석을 실시하였다. 종내 집단간 유전적 근연치는 염주알다슬기가 S=0.848(0.805-0.905)로 나타났고 띠구슬다슬기는 이보다 낮은 S=0.755 (0.666-0.860)의 값을 보였다. 각 종의 속간 유전적 근연치는 곳체다슬기와 염주알다슬기가 S=0.194의 매우 낮은 값을 보였고 곳체다슬기와 띠구슬다슬기 사이는 S=0.301을 나타내었다. 또한 염주알다슬기와 머구슬다슬기 간에는 S=0.301의 유전적 근연치를 보여 이들 간의 유전적 분화수준이 속간 차이에 이름을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-67
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• 1987

담수 저서 생물군 중의 하나인 연체동물은 인간 생활에 있어 매우 중요하다. 이들은 먹이사슬(food chain)과 깊이 연관되어 있고 하상 퇴적물의 찌꺼기를 섭취하는 청소자로서의 역할 뿐 아니라 안간의 식용으로 이용되기도 한다. 어떤 종은 생태학적 지표종으로서의 역할을 하며, 어떤 종들은 지리적 특성과 연관성을 연구하는데 대상이 될 뿐 아니라 과거의 수계 형성과정을 추정하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 부정적 측면으로는 한국 담수산 권패류의 몇몇 종류는 인체의 흡충류 기생충을 전달하는 그들의 역할 때문에 실제 문제시 되고 있다. 그들의 이 같은 중요성에도 불구하고, 한국산 담수 연체동물에 대한 깊은 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있는바, 이는 부분적으로 한국에 서식하는 연체동물상을 동정함에 있어 쉽게 이용될 수 있는 적당한 분류체계가 부족하였기 때문이다. 본 논문의 첫째 목적은 한국산 담수 권패류를 속(genus)수준까지 동정할 수 있는 색인을 마련하고 그 분류기준을 세우는데 있으며, 둘째로는 한국산 담수 권패류에 대한 광범한 문헌을 수집하고 중요한 문헌의 순서에 따라 그 내용을 간략히 요약하여 앞으로의 연구자득에게 도움을 주고자 한 것이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

난태생종인 다슬기(Semisulcospira libertina libertina)와 곳체다슬기(Semisulcospira gottchei) 어미에게 여러 가지 물리 화학적 자극을 주어 출산 개시 소요 시간, 출산 유생 치패수 및 치패 출산율을 조사하였다. 곳체다슬기는 온도, 공기 노출, serotonin 및 acetylcholine 자극에 대하여 다슬기보다 더욱 민감하게 반응하였으나, $H_2O_2$ 및 $NH_4OH$ 자극에 대하여는 두 종 모두 반응하지 않았다. 다슬기는 acetylcholine $10^{-9}M$ 자극에서 모패당 68개체로 가장 많은 유생과 치패를 출산하였으며, 치패 출산율도 57.5%로 높았다. 곳체다슬기는 수온을 $9^{\circ}C$ 상승시켰을 때, 모패당 113개체의 유생과 치패를 출산하였고 치패 출산율은 56.3%였으며, acetylcholine $10^{-12}M$ 첨가했을 때는 각각 83개체, 61.7%였다. 결론적으로, 다슬기와 곳체다슬기의 인공 종묘 생산 시 치패의 대량 출산 유도에는 신경전달물질인 acetylcholine 자극이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.66-80
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• 1983

As a part of the epidemiological studies of clonorchiasis in Korea, this study was conducted to evaluate the current endemicity and the natural transition of the Clonorchis infection in Goyang Gun a low endemic area in recent years, prior to the introduction of praziquantel which will eventually influence to the status of the prevalence. The data obtained in this study in 1983 were evaluated for natural transition of the infection in comparison with those obtained 16 years ago in 1967 by the author (Kim, 1974). The areas of investigation, villages and schools surveyed, methods and techniques used in this study were the same as in 1967, except for the contents of the questionnaire for raw freshwater fish consumption by the local inhabitants. 1) The current prevalence rate of Clonorchis infection among the inhabitants was 7.5% on the average out of a total of 479 persons examined. The prevalence rate was 9.0% in the riverside area and 4.2% in the inland area. Among the schoolchildren, the prevalence rate was 1.1% out of a total of 1 319 examined. By area, it was 1.4% in the riverside area and 0.7% in the inland area. By sex, the prevalence rate was 13.3% in the male and 1.3% in the female in the inhabitants and no difference was seen in the schoolchildren. 2) In the natural transition of the infection, the prevalence rate in the inhabitants has decreased from 22.5% in 1967 to 7.5% in 1983, and in the schoolchildren, from 9.5% in 1967 to 1.1% in 1983. The reduction rate was higher in the riverside area than in the inland area. 3) In the prevalence rate by age, 1.2% was seen in the 10-14 age group and gradually increased to 8.1% in the 30-39 age group and reached peak 18.1% in the 40-49 age group. By sex, in the male, the prevalence rates have increased to 31.9% and 33.3% in the 40-49 and 50-59 age groups, respectively and decreased thereafter. In the female, the prevalence rate less than 5% was seen only in between the 10-14 and 30-39 age groups. 4) In the natural transition of the prevalence rate by age, sharp decrease was seen in the male from around 50% in 1967 between 15-19 and 30-39 age groups. The generation over 40s showed less decrease. In the female, the prevalence rate has decreased from 13% in 1967 to 5% in 1983 in the middle age groups and dropped to 0% in the rest of the age groups. 5) The intensity of the infection among clonorchiasis cases by mean EPmg (number of eggs per mg feces) value was 1.4. In the inhabitants, the value was 2.0 in the riverside area and 0.4 in the inland area. While in the schoolchildren, the value was 0.2 in both riverside and inland areas. 6) In the transition of the intensity of the infection, EPmg among the inhabitants has decreased from 3.9 in 1967 to 2.0 in 1983 in the riverside area, and from 2.9 to 0.4 in the inland area. In the schoolchildren, the reduction was similar in both riverside and inland areas resulting from 1.0-1.1 in 1967 to 0.2 in 1983. 7) In the intensity of the infection by age, EPmg 3.4 was peak at the 40-49 age group and 0.2-1.0 was seen in the rest of the age groups. The mean value was 1.5 in the male and 0.6 in the female. 8) In the natural transition of the intensity of the infection, the EPmg has decreased from 2.7 in 1967 to 1.4 in 1983. By age, reduction was seen in all of the age groups, particularly in the young and the old age groups of 50s and over, except in the 40-49 age group in which reverse phenomenon was seen. By sex, it has decreased from 3.5 in 1967 to 1.5 in 1983 in the male and from 1.0 to 0.6 in the female. 9) In the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by the range of EPmg value, 70.3% of the cases were placed in the range of 0.1-0.9 as the most and 16.2% in 1.0-4.9 as the next. With such figures, those included in the range less than 0.9 as light infection were 78.4% and under 5.0-9.9 up to moderate infection 99.3% of the cases were covered. The cases were distributed up to 20.0-39.9 in the male and to 1.0-4.9 in the female. 10) In the transition of the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by EPmg, the highest intensity reached up to 60.0-79.9 in 1967 and to 20.0-39.9 in 1983. In the range of light infection, under 0.1-0.9, the distribution in rate was 64.5% in 1967 and 78.4% in 1983. Up to the range of moderate infection, under 5.0-9.9, 91.7% in 1967 and 97.3% in 1983 were seen respectively. 11) In a survey for raw freshwater fish consumption among the local inhabitants,78.3 of the clonorchiasis cases interviewed admitted their experience of the raw consumption. However, those who practised in the past two years were 34.8% 55.6% of those who have such experience in the past professed that they did not practise raw freshwater fish consumption in the past two years. 12) The major cause of the reduction of the raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants were the wide spread water pollution in the locality. The most common reason professed for stopping raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants was the risk of the fluke infection. 13) In animal survey, 3.1% of dogs were found infected with Clonorchis, decreasing from 21.6% in 1967. 14) The distribution of the first intermediate host, Parafossarulus manchouricus has greatly diminished in this locality and found only in two localized ponds. No Clonorchis infection was found from the snails examined. 15) The second intermediate freshwater fish host has been further limited by extended water pollution. No susceptible fish host could be examined. 16) In conclusion, the endemicity of Clonorchis infection in Croyang Gun, low endemic area, has significantly decreased during the past 16 years. The major cause of the regressive transition of the infection was the water pollution of the freshwater system of this locality. This has upset the ecosystems of the intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis in many areas of waterbodies and further discouraged to a significant extent the local inhabitants from raw freshwater fish consumption.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2001

국내에 서식하는 다슬기 과의 곳체다슬기 (Semisulcospira gottschei), 참다슬기 (S. coreana), 주름다슬기 (S. forticosta), 좀주름다슬기 (S. tegulata), 다슬기 (S. ibertina), 염주알다슬기 (Koreanomelania nodifila), 띠구슬다슬기 (Koreoleptoxis globus ovalis)의 치설을 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 다슬기과 담수패류의 치설은 모두 한 열 (transverse row)에 7개 (M+2L+4M)의 이빨을 갖는 리본 모양의 유설형(taenioglossa)이다. Semisulcospira 속의 5 종 (곳체다슬기, 참다슬기, 주름다슬기, 좀주름다슬기, 다슬기)의 중치는 3 + 1 + 3 또는 2 + 1 + 2의 치첨수 배열을 이루는 대칭구조를 보이며 평균 98-112 개의 치열로 구성되어 있다. 염주알다슬기(Koreanomelania nodifila)의 중치는 2 + 1 + 2의 치첨수 배열을 이루는 대칭구조를 보이며 평균 118 개의 치열로 구성되어 있다. 띠구슬다슬기 (Koreoleptoxis globus ovalis)는 3 + 1 + 3의 치첨수 배열을 이루는 대칭구조를 보이며 평균 213 개의 치열로 구성되어 있다. 이상의 결과 다슬기과 7종의 치설 구조는 뚜렷한 속간 차이를 나타내었으나 종간 구조적 차이는 발견되지 않았다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.601-618
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• 2022

The genus Semisulcospira is an economically and ecologically valuable freshwater resource. Among the species, Semisulcospira coreana, Semisulcospira forticosta and Semisulcospira tegulata are endemic to the Korean peninsula and Semisulcospira gottschei is widespread in Asia. Therefore, maintenance and conservation of wild populations of these snails are important. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of Semisulcospira based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4), and combined mitochondrial DNA (COI + ND4) sequences. All four species and various genetic makers showed a high level of haplotype diversity and a low level of nucleotide diversity. In addition, Fu's Fs and Tajima's D neutrality tests were performed to assess the variation in size among populations. Neutrality tests of the four species yielded negative Fu's Fs and Tajima's D values, except for populations with one haplotype. The minimum spanning network indicated a common haplotype for populations of S. coreana, S. tegulata and S. gottschei, whereas S. forticosta had a rare haplotype. Also, genetic differences and gene flows between populations were assessed by analysis of molecular variance and using the pairwise fixation index. Our findings provided insight into the degree of preservation of the species' genetic diversity and could be utilized to enhance the management of endemic species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2024

It is uncertain when the head collar and collar spines of Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), a zoonotic echinostome species in Far Eastern Asia, develop during its larval stages. In this study, the appearance of the head collar and collar spines was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy in cercariae and metacercariae experimentally obtained from freshwater snails (Lymnaea pervia) and tadpoles (Rana nigromaculata), respectively. The cercariae were shed from the snail on day 30 after exposure to laboratory-hatched miracidia. Metacercariae were obtained from the experimental tadpoles at 3, 6, 12, 15, 20, 24, 26, and 30 h after exposure to the cercariae. The head collar was already visible in the cercarial stage, although its degree of development was weak. However, collar spines did not appear in the cercarial stage and even in the early metacercarial stage less than 24 h postinfection in tadpoles. Collar spines became visible in the metacercariae when they grew older than 24 h. It was concluded that the head collar of I. hortensis developed early in the cercarial stage, but the development of collar spines did not occur until the worms became 24-h-old metacercariae in our experimental setting. Counting the number of collar spines was concluded as an unfeasible diagnostic method for I. hortensis cercariae when they are shed from the snail host.