• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.677-685
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• 2015

Background The survival rate of grafted fat is difficult to predict, and repeated procedures are frequently required. In this study, the effects of the freezing period of harvested adipose tissue and the addition of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) on the process of fat absorption were studied. Methods Adipose tissue was obtained from patients who underwent a lipoaspirated fat graft. The fat tissue was cryopreserved at $-20^{\circ}C$ in a domestic refrigerator. A total of 40 nude mice were used. The mice in the experimental group received three different subcutaneous injections in the back: an injection of fresh fat and ASCs, an injection of fat that had been frozen for one month and ASCs, and an injection of fat that had been frozen for two months and ASCs. The control mice received fat grafts without ASCs. The mice were sacrificed at four or eight weeks after the procedure, and the grafted fat tissues were harvested. The extracted fat was evaluated using photographic analysis, volume measurements, and histological examination. Results In the control group, the fat resorption rates four weeks after transplantation in the grafts of fresh fat, fat that had been frozen for one month, and fat that had been frozen for two months were 21.14%, 22.46%, and 42.56%, respectively. In the experimental group, the corresponding resorption rates were 6.68%, 13.0%, and 33.9%, respectively. Conclusions ASCs can increase the fat graft survival rate. The use of ASCs in fat grafting can reduce the need for repeated fat grafts and provide good long term results.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 1992

These studies were carried out ot investigate on the transferred embryo development following ultrarapid frozen for 8-cell and morula of in vitro fertilization mouse embryos. The post-thaw embryo survival was evaluated and compared by cell stage of embryos and by equilibration time before ultrarapid freezing. The results obatined were summerized as follows: 1. The effects of equilibration time of 3 vs. 6 minutes before ultrarapid freezing and after thawing on the morphological survival and the viability of 8-cell and morulas embryos were not significant. 2. When the ultrarapid frozen-thawed 32 eight-cell and 33 morula embryos, and 30 fresh blastocysts were transferred to pseudopregnant recipient mice, the number of normal offsprings produced were 9(28.1%), 14(42.4%) and 18(60.0%), respectively. From the above resutls, it was concluded that the optimal conditions of pH osmolality of the media for mouse IVF and embryo culture, and the period of sperm preincubation might be 7.1, 310 mOsm and 120 min., respectively,a nd somewhat high conception rate might be resulted from transfer of frozen embryos of morula stage and fresh embryos of blastocyst stage.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2005

In the present study, we investigated the effects of genotypes on in vitro maturation and fertilization in porcine fresh/frozen-thawed oocytes. The porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were divided into four groups according to whether they were: (1) in vitro matured; (2) cryopreserved and in vitro matured; (3) in vitro fertilized and (4) cryopreserved, and in vitro fertilized. Maturation of porcine COCs was accomplished by incubation in NCSU23 medium. Immature oocytes were cryopreserved by Open Pulled Straws (OPS) method according to Vajta et al., (1998). Oocytes stained by Acetic-Orcein method were observed under the microscope. DNA extracted from the ovaries was analyzed by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphisrrt) method. The rates of oocytes maturation and fertilization were significantly high in AA genotype. The results indicated that in vitro maturation and fertilization in porcine fresh/frozen-thawed oocytes may be affected by genotypes in pigs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 1992

With use of a simple, inexpensive and nonpharmacological program for blood conservation, 24 consecutive patients underwent elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting without need of homologous red cell transfusions and /or fresh frozen plasma transfusions in 16 patients[66.7%]. Left internal mammary artery graftings were done in 18 patients[75%], with supplemental saphenous vein grafts in all. Intraoperatively, autologous heparinized blood was removed before bypass and retransfused at the conclusion of ext-racorporeal circulation. The volume remaining in the oxygenator and tubing set was returned without cell processing or hemofiltration. Using the hard-shell cardiotomy reservoir from the oxygenator, autotransfusion of the shed mediastinal blood was continued hourly by the next early;norning. The mean postoperative mediastinal blood loss was 364$\pm$234ml, whereas 553$\pm$383ml was autotransfused. 4 patients [16.7%] received homologous blood and an additional 4 patients[16.7%] fresh frozen plasma. Thus, in total, 16 patients[66.7%] were not exposed to any homologous blood products during the hospital stay. At discharge, the mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.3$\pm$1.6g /dl. Postoperative complications were few and there was no hospital death.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2004년도 제4회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.108-108
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• 2004

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different concentrations (6%, 8% and 10% final volume) of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on cryopreserved sperm of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Grass carp sperm was suspended in Kurokura extender #2 and equilibrated at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. French straws (0.25 ml) of sperm were frozen from $4^{\circ}C\;to\;-4^{\circ}C$ at a rate of $4^{\circ}C\;min^{-1}$ and then ken $-4^{\circ}C\;to\;-80^{\circ}C$ at a rate of $11^{\circ}C\;min^{-1}$. The straws were kept at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and finally stored in liquid nitrogen $(-196^{\circ}C)$. The cryopreserved sperm was thawed in a water bath at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec and fertilization, hatching rate and larval malformation were compared with fresh sperm (control). The fertilization rate of post-thawed sperm was comparable (from 88.21% to 94.30%) to that of fresh sperm. However, hatching rate of all frozen sperm were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control. Additionally, the larval abnormality rate of frozen sperm was significantly higher than that of fresh sperm. The results indicate that DMSO could affect the quality of cryopreserved sperm of grass carp, and a freezing program and a proper extender composition should be further studied.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.405-411
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• 1991

To determine the sterility of the prepared allogeneic bone of the human, culture of the allografts prior to implantation was performed on fresh-frozen and freeze-dried bone. Before the use of allografts to the patients, it must be confirmed about the sterility, cellular cytotoxicity, immune reaction, and osteoinductive potential as a biomaterials. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons demand for allograft bone will be increased in the future. Wonkwang Bone Bank attempted to meet this demand, has performed series of experimental study on the allograft bone of the Koreans to evaluate the physical and chemical suitability of the bone since the surgeons applications will have broadened from benign cystic lesions to fracture malunions and non-unions, large segmental defects, and whole-bone allorgrafts after tumor surgery. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Freeze-drying(FD) only shoed some bactericidal effects of the normal and osteo bone but in cases of performing EO gas sterilization, the FD effects was not clear. 2. The fact that FD has little effect than the EO gas sterilization on normal bone postulated that the presence of microbiota may be due to an operation and bone processing procedure. 3. FD and EO gas sterilization had a remarkable effect on the osteo bone. 4. The sterilization effect were EO gas, Freeze-drying, Fresh-Frozen with descending order. But all sterilization method were not complete to preserve and implant allograft bone. We are now performing further continuous study on the radiation and chemical sterilization procedure to make safe and complete allograft bone.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2004

This study is carried out to investigate the effect of any periods in the freezer and the product of value, moisture content, baking loss, specific volume loaf in manufncturing process thereof. The moisture content of the croissant slightly decreased as the periods passed in the freezer. And as passed periods frozen croissant dough dried naturally by the freezer fan. 1. As frozen periods passed croissant dough decreased moisture content and loaf volume. The volume is relation to the molsture content and croissant dough' gluten. Yeast is active but croissant dough is dried so pastry margarine's moisture vaporized little by little. 2. 1 day frozen bench time provided maximum specific loaf volume while croissant shape was unsettled, moisture content was highest. At the same dough croissant hardness had very sofi crust. 3. 1week and 2weets frozen dough had specific loaf volume and hardness with proper crust color. As the proper bench time provided best shape of croissant, color. 4. 4weeks and 8weeks frozen dough had over-al] value of croissant accelerating older product. As the same result, over Sweets frozen periods product were not available for sale and serving to customers. 5. By the sensory evaluation tests, over-all croissant as 1 week, 2weeks were significantly higher quality those than 6. 1day, 4weeks and 8weeks. Textural properties of croissant over 4weeks frozen periods so hard for every panel. According to the study, not croissant dough but also any other frozen dough(ex.Danish, brioche etc.)have to need proper bench time and 1week or 2weeks circulation making method have to given encouragement to practical pastry industry. Add to this study using only for frozen dough yeast instead of using fresh and instant

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.763-770
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• 1993

To investigate the quality changes during frozen storage, top shell, Omphalius pfeifferi capenteri, was stored at -18$^{\circ}C$, -$25^{\circ}C$ and -3$0^{\circ}C$ immediately after shelling and water holding capacity, protein composition and histological features were examined with the lapsed period of the storage. During the storage period, amount of free drip was increased with higher frozen temperature and longer frozen period, but with the longer storage period, the lower water holding capacity was observed. The extractability and composition of muscle protein, sarcoplasmic protein and stroma protein were rather stable regardless of frozen temperature and frozen storage period. However, the extractability of myofibrillar protein was decreased with higher frozen temperature and longer frozen storage period. On the changes of muscle tissue structure, following points were observed. 1) In the muscle tissue structure of fresh sample, fine muscle fiber was closely distributed all over the tissue regardless of cross and longitudinal section. 2) In tissue structure under frozen state, it was observed that ice crystals apparently grew with the higher storage temperature. Empty spaces between muscle bundles which wee formed by aggregations of muscle fiber were observed after 3 months storage at -18$^{\circ}C$ . 3) Tissue structure in thawed state was restored satisfactorily after 1 month storage regardless of storage temperature. After 3 months storage at -3$0^{\circ}C$, muscle tissue was well restored, but at -18$^{\circ}C$, empty spaces were apparent due to incomplete restoration.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

목적 : 신선 동결 아킬레스 동종건을 이용한 전방 십자 인대 재건술 후 1년 추시상 임상적 결과와 2차 관절경 및 조직학적 소견을 조사하여 동종건의 유용성을 살펴보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 추시 가능한 58면 59예를 대상으로 주. 객관적 지표 Telos stress arthrometer, modified Feagin Scoring System을 이용 분석하였다. 평균 연령 및 추시 기간은 25세($18\~49$세), 15개월($12\~19$개월)이었다. 이중 16명을 대상으로 2차 관절경 소견을 확인하고 광학현미경 및 전자 현미경을 이용하여 조직 검사를 하였다. 결과 : Lysholm Score는 술 전 60점에서 88.2점, 전방 전위는 술 전 7.1mm에서 술 후 2.3mm로 향상되었다. 2차 관절경적 육안적 소견은 정상 인대와 비슷한 두께와 긴장상태를 보였으며 골성 조직과의 연결부에서 혈관 재형성을 보이고 있었다. 조직학적 소견은 광학 현미경 소견상 정상 인대와 비슷한 세포 밀집도를 보였으며, 전자 현미경 소견상 콜라겐 섬유는 종적으로 평행한 배열을 보이고 횡 단면상 정상 조직과 유사한 단일 형태의 직경을 보였다. 결론 : 신선 동결 동종 아킬레스건은 임상적 결과와 조직학적 소견들로 보아 자가건의 대치건으로서 사용이 충분할 것으로 사료된다.