• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 1985

Under the field condition mulched by polyethylene film, changes of the soil moisture content and soil temperature due to the meteorological influence, which have had a great effect upon productivity of upland - field crop, was investigated. The results obtained were as follows; 1. During the early growth stage from the first part of April to the last part of May, soil temperature at 15cm below the mulched surface of ridge (13:00) was about $5^{\circ}C$ higher than that of non-mulched plot. 20 days earlier than normal soil temperature reached up to $20^{\circ}C$ due to the mulching. The increasing of soil temperature resulted from poly ethylene film mulching had a similar tendency for the annual experiment of 3 years (1982-1984). 2. Changes of the soil moisture content in the plow layer during the growing season was remarkably less in the mulched plot than in the non-mulched plot due to suppression of evaporation by polyethylene film. 3. Soil moisture contents of the plots planted with tobacco was lower than those of the non-planted plots owing to the more transpiration induced by growing of the tobacco plant. As the results, it was refered that initial fresh weight of above ground part of tobacco that had an influence upon the consumption of soil moisture by the transpiration rather than evaporation was about 250g per plant. 4. At the appreciable amount of rainfall (for instance; 63.5mm), soil moisture content at middle place between plants in the plow layer of the mulched plot was not increased owing to the infiltration interruption by polyethylene film. 5. By the comparatively small amount of rainfall (e.g. 20mm) after the drought period, leaf water potential of the mulched plot was not increased as much as that of the non-mulched plot owing to the less moisture content of soil resulted from interruption of rainfall.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.405-413
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• 1984

As the previous paper of studios on lipids in fresh-water fishes, the present study was designed and analyzed to investigate the distribution of lipid components in various tissues of snake head, Channa argus. The free lipid was consisted of neutral lipid ($66.6{\sim}72.4\%$), phospholipid($17.9{\sim}20.4\%$) and glycolipid ($5.7{\sim}12.2\%$), while the bound lipid was consisted of phospholipid($28.6{\sim}50.6\%$), neutral lipid($13.2{\sim}36.1\%$) and glycolipid($3.8{\sim}22.8\%$). The neutral lipid was mainly consisted of triglyceride($62.00{\sim}90.20\%$) in free lipid, and esterified sterol & hydrocarbon($51.30{\sim}72.70\%$) in bound lipid. The phospholipid was mainly consisted of phosphatidyl ethanolamine($28.96{\sim}42.75\%$) and phosphatidyl choline ($27.85{\sim}41.06\%$) in free lipid, and phosphatidyl choline($47.18{\sim}52.45\%$) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($17.88{\sim}26.67\%$) in bound lipid. The major fatty acids of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}(21.03\%,\;22.62\%),\;C_{16:1}(8.70\%,\;30.1\%),\;C_{18:1}(20.62\%,\;12.11\%),\;C_{22:5}(3.21\%,\;6.50\%)\;and\;C_{22:6}(7.56\%,\;16.02\%)$, and these of neutral lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}(18.98\%,\;19.12\%),\;C_{16:1}(9.04\%,\;13.49\%),\;C_{18:1}(22.94\%,\;11.61\%)\;and\;C_{22:5}(3.00\%,\;10.05\%)$, respectively. The unsaturation(TUFA/TSFA) of bound lipid was 3.99, and 2.5 times higher than 1.43 of free lipid. The contents of total essential fatty acid in free lipid were ranged $7.99\%\;to\;14.69\%$, and slightly higher than $6.57\%\;to\;8.25\%$ of bound lipid. In both polar and nonpolar lipids, w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid(w3-HUFA) contents of bound lipid were ranged $22.57\%\;to\;31.83\%$, and $2{\sim}3$ times higher than $7.88\%\;to\;14.03\%$ of free lipid. There were significant difference between the lipid and its fatty acid composition in free and bound lipids and/or in various tissues.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.288-293
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• 1986

The washed fresh ginsengs packed with air, vaccum and nitrogen gas were irradiated at the levels of 1,2 and 3kGy gamma radiation and then stored at $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ for 90days to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on microbial inactivation, eelworm disinfestation and physicochemical changes. After a 90 day storage, $2{\sim}3kGy$ irradiated groups showed 20% of weight loss and 10% of rot while non-irradiated group 100% and 20% or more, respectively. Also the irradiated groups showed somewhat lower values of specific gravity, color density and hardness immediately after irradiation, thereafter higher value of them with storage time than those of non-irradiated group. The irradiation increased the yields of ginseng extract and crude saponins but no effects on the proximate composition and TLC and HPLC patterns of saponin. The food-borne microorganisms decreased in viable cell counts by $2{\sim}3$ log cycles with $2{\sim}3kGy$ radiation and the eelworms were completely disinfested with 1 kGy radiation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.610-615
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• 1992

The difference in content and composition of total lipid, lipid fractions and fatty acids of perilla leaves being used fresh vegetable was investigated in relation to the color of undersurface, i.e. green perilla leaves(GPL) and violet perilla leaves(VPL), by column- and thin layer- and gas chromatography. Total lipid(TL) content was of little difference between green leaves(GPL) (5.24%dw) and violet one (VPL) (5.02%dw), while neutral lipid(NL) content was higher In VPL(36.4% of TL) than GPL(34.7%). The major components were sterol ester and hydrocarbons(58.5%) and trigylcerides(14.9%) in NL, $mono-(42{\sim}45%)$ and $di-(13{\sim}15%)$ galactosyl digylceride in glycolipids(GL) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine$(40{\sim}45%)$ and phosphatidyl glycerol(13%) in phospholipids(PL) for both GPL and VPL. The number of component was 10 in all three fractions. The similarity of component between GPL and VPL was in decreasing order of NL(r=1.00), GL(r=0.997) and PL(r= 0.968). Major fatty acids were linolenic $(62{\sim}64%)$, palmitic$(10{\sim}12%)$ and linolic$(9{\sim}10%)$ for TL, linolenic, palmitic, myristic(43, 15, 14%) for NL, linolenic, oleic, palmitic(79, 11, 8%) for GL and linolenic, linoleic, palmitic(36, 25, 23%) for PL. Unsaturated fatty acid percentage was higher only in GL of VPL than GPL. The similarity of fatty acid composition between GPL and VPL was least in PL and so it was among other fraction with PL.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Various culture media have been used for hydroponic cultures of horticultural plants under the smart greenhouses with natural and artificial light types. Management of the culture medium for the control of medium amounts and/or necessary components absorbed by plants during the cultivation period is performed with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and/or IoT (Internet of Things) in a smart farm system. This study was conducted to develop the cloud-based data analysis system for effective management of culture medium applying to hydroponic culture and plant growth in smart greenhouses. METHODS AND RESULTS: Conventional inorganic Yamazaki and organic media derived from agricultural byproducts such as a immature fruit, leaf, or stem were used for hydroponic culture media. Component changes of the solutions according to the growth stage were monitored and plant growth was observed. Red and green lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) which developed 2~3 true leaves were considered as plant materials. The seedlings were hydroponically grown in the smart greenhouse with fluorescent and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lights of $150{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ light intensity for 35 days. Growth data of the seedlings were classified and stored to develop the relational database in the virtual machine which was generated from an open stack cloud system on the base of growth parameter. Relation of the plant growth and nutrient absorption pattern of 9 inorganic components inside the media during the cultivation period was investigated. The stored data associated with component changes and growth parameters were visualized on the web through the web framework and Node JS. CONCLUSION: Time-series changes of inorganic components in the culture media were observed. The increases of the unfolded leaves or fresh weight of the seedlings were mainly dependent on the macroelements such as a $NO_3-N$, and affected by the different inorganic and organic media. Though the data analysis system was developed, actual measurement data were offered by using the user smart device, and analysis and comparison of the data were visualized graphically in time series based on the cloud database. Agricultural management in data visualization and/or plant growth can be implemented by the data analysis system under whole agricultural sites regardless of various culture environmental changes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.333-343
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• 1984

This study was designed to elucidate the lipid and its fatty acid composition in various tissues of fresh water fishes. The free and bound lipids in meat, skin and viscera of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) were extracted with ethyl ether and the mixed solvent of chloroform-methanol-water (10/9/1, v/v). The free and bound lipids were fractionated into neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid by a silicic acid column chromatography using chloroform, acetone and methanol, respectively, and quantitatively analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and TLC scanner. The fatty acid compositions of polar ana nonpolar lipids in meat, and these of neutral lipid in various tissues were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography(GLC). The free lipid content in meat, skin and viscera was $6.22\%,\;9.95\%\;and\;9.76\%$, whereas the bound lipid content in those tissues was $10.01\%,\;3.56\%\;and\;7.36\%$, respectively. The neutral lipid contents in free lipid were ranged from $71.7\%$ to $89.4\%$, and $3{\sim}9$ times higher than those in bound lipid, while the phospholipid contents in bound lipid were ranged from $42.3\%$ to $63.2\%$, and $5{\sim}10$ times higher than those in free lipid. The neutral lipid was mainly consisted of triglyceride ($81.91{\sim}88.34\%$) in free lipid, and esterified sterol & hydrocarbon ($41.00{\sim}59.43\%$) in bound lipid. The phospholipid was mainly consisted of phosphatidyl ethanolamine($54.56{\sim}66.79\%$) and phosphatidyl choline ($21.88{\sim}34.28\%$) in free lipid, and phosphatidyl choline ($50.49{\sim}70.57\%$) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($15.74{\sim}24.92\%$) in bound lipid. The major fatty acids of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}\;(17.53\%,\;19.29\%)$, $C_{18:1}\;(24.57\%,\;16.08\%)$, $C_{18:2}\;(8.39\%,\;4.03\%)$, $C_{22:5}\;(1.68\%,\;8.08\%)$, and $C_{22:6}\;(6.22\%,\;13.60\%)$ and these of neutral lipid in free and bound lipids were $C_{16:0}\;(17.67\%,\;24.15\%)$, $C_{16:1}\;(12.81\%,\;5.52\%)$, $C_{18:1}\;(24.13\%,\;13.02\%)$, $C_{18:2}\;(15.47\%,\;8.68\%)$, $C_{22:5}\;(0.88\%,\;4.14\%)$ and $C_{22:6}\;(1.17\%,\;5.04\%)$, respectively. The unsaturations (TUFA/TSFA) of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were 2.02 and 2.74, and $1.5{\sim}2.0$ times higher than 1.51 and 1.23 of nonpolar lipid. In both polar and nonpolar lipids, w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (w3HUFA) content of bound lipid was $2{\sim}5$ times higher than that of free lipid. The polyenoic acid contents such as $C_{20:5},\;C_{22:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ in bound lipid were $2{\sim}5$ times higher than these in free lipid. Consequently, there were significant difference between the lipid and its fatty acid composition in free and bound lipids and/or in various tissues.