• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1986

추출조건이 인삼엑기스의 일반성분 및 사포닌 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수삼과 백삼을 시료로 추출용매, 용매농도, 온도등의 조건을 달리하여 조사 비교한 결과 수삼의 경우 $70^{\circ}C$ 및 $100^{\circ}C$구가 다른구에 비하여 가용성물질의 용출량이 5배이상 컸으며 사포닌의 용출율은 $70^{\circ}C$-$H_2O$구가 가장 높았고, $100^{\circ}C$구는 거의 1/2이 감소되었다. 압착에 의한 방법으로 사포닌의 52%가 추출되었고 triol계가 diol계 사포닌보다 더 잘 추출되었다. 전당, 환원당, 조단백 및 총 아미노산의 용출율도 $H_2O$구가 ethanol구보다 높은 값을 나타내었고 회분은 압착구에서 높은 값을 보였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2013

The research concerned of the regeneration of plants from embryos obtained from anther cultures of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). The aim was to determine the influence of the regeneration medium on the efficiency of the regeneration process. We conducted to determine the optimum conditions such as cold pretreatment, plant growth regulators and carbon sources on anther culture of P. ginseng. Highest callus formation rate was obtained when flower buds pretreated at $4^{\circ}C$ for 1 day. Among the treated growth regulators with various degrees of concentration in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, 4.53 ${\mu}M$ of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4.44 ${\mu}M$ of 6-benzylaminopurine gives the most responsive callus with the frequency of 73.89% and 129.53 g of fresh weight. When we used 3-9% of sucrose and maltose among the different kinds and various concentrations of carbohydrates, callus was formed highest 67.29% in the medium with 3% of sucrose. Shoots induced from callus supplemented with 28.9 ${\mu}M$ of gibberellic acid and rooted in Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 14.7 ${\mu}M$ of indole-3-butyric acid.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.787-791
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• 2017

Panax ginseng marc is produced from fresh ginseng roots during processing and is generally treated as industrial waste. The primary aim of this study was to improve its utilization in the dairy industry as a potential high-value resource. Yogurt was prepared from 11% skim milk powder, 0.1% pectin, 10% sucrose, and ginseng marc ethanol extract (GME, 0.5% and 1.0%) in milk, and was inoculated with a 0.02% yogurt culture (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifido-bacterium longum, and Streptococcus thermophilus). After fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$ for 6-8 h, the physicochemical properties of samples were analyzed by the AOAC, Kjeldahl, and Soxhlet methods. Sensory evaluation was performed based on consumer acceptability scores with a 7-point scale, and antimicrobial effects were measured by the agar plate method. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents of yogurt supplemented with 1% GME were $85.06{\pm}0.06%$, $4.41{\pm}0.01%$, $4.30{\pm}0.05%$, and $0.81{\pm}0.03%$, respectively, with no significant changes noted from those of yogurt without GME (control), except for an increase in the crude fat content. The sensory scores of color, flavor, texture, overall taste, and overall acceptance of yogurt supplemented with below 1% GME did not differ significantly (p<0.05) to those of the control yogurt. In addition, the growths of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter sakazakii were inhibited during fermentation and storage. These results suggest that GME could be used in dairy products as a supplement and in the food industry as an antimicrobial material.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2007

본 연구는 비누수 해가림 재배가 인삼 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 인삼의 차광재료를 비누수 해가림과 차광망을 이용하여 실험하였던 바, 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 차광재료에 따른 맑은 날의 광량은 비누수해가림이 차광망에 비하여 낮은 경향이었고, 온도는 비누수해가림이 차광망에 비하여 $3{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ 낮게 나타났다. 2. 차광재료에 따른 3, 4, 5년근 인삼의 생존본수는 비누수해가림에 비하여 차광망이 낮게 나타났다. 3. 차광재료에 따른 인삼의 경태는 비누수해가림에서 증가하였고, 생근중도 비누수해가림이 차광망에 비하여 3년근에서는 5.0 g, 4년근에서는 10 g, 5년근에서는 8 g 높았다. 4. 차광재료에 따른 3, 4, 5년근 모두 수삼의 수량은 비누수해가림이 차광망보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 5. 차광재료별 3, 4, 5년근 수삼의 크기는 비누수해가림이 차광망에 비하여 대편이 많이 분포하였으며, 진세노사이드 함량도 비누수해가림이 차광망에 비해서 높았다

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

The fresh ginseng roots were extracted with aqueous methanol, and the obtained extracts were partitioned using ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, successively. The repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatogaraphy for n-butanol fraction afforded four diol ginseng saponins, ginsenosides $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $R_c$, and Rd. The physicochemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic characteristics of these ginsenosides were measured and compared with those reported in the literature. Some of the peak assignments in previously published $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were inaccurate. This study employed two-dimensional NMR experiments, including $^1H-^1H$ correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity, to determine exact peak assignments.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.345-350
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• 1989

부패한 인삼(人蔘) 및 인삼제품(人蔘製品)에서 분리된 3종의 미생물(微生物)을 인삼 crude saponin농도를 달리한 czapek 배지 등에 배양하여 그 배양 미생물에 의한 ginsenoside의 pattern과 함량변화를 조사하였다. Aspergillus sp.는 0.3%에서 최대의 균체량을 9일에서 나타냈으며 Penicillium sp. -A와 B도 같은 경향이었고, 1.0%에서는 대조군보다 균체 증가량이 낮았다. 인삼 saponin pattern의 변화는 Aspergillus sp.를 6일 배양하였을 때 0.3% 첨가한 경우 diol계 saponin이 완전히 분해되었고 1% 첨가 배양에서는 상대적인 함량의 차이가 있었다. Penicillium sp. -A는 saponin pattern 변화에 영향을 주지 않았으며, Penicillium sp. -B는 배양 12일에서 diol계 saponin이 상소하였다. 또한 수삼배지(水蔘培地)및 건삼배지(乾蔘培地)에서 부패미생물은 인삼(人蔘) crude saponin 함량(含量)을 감소시키었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt added with nanopowdered ginseng (NPG) and powdered ginseng (PG) of different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7%) (w/v) during the storage at $7^{\circ}C$ for 20 d. The pH and viscosity values of yogurt added NPG or PG decreased during the storage. The pH values of the yogurt samples were ranged from 4.0 to 4.6 as a reflective of the fresh state. Viscosity values of yogurt with NPG at lower concentrations 0.1 and 0.3% (w/v) showed higher values during increased storage time. DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly higher in the NPG-added yogurt than in the PG during the storage period (p<0.05). The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts ranged from $3.0{\times}10^9$ to $1.3{\times}10^9$ and $2.2{\times}10^9$ to $1.1{\times}10^9CFU/mL$ in 0.3% NPG and PG-added yogurts, respectively. Increased storage period showed decrease in LAB counts irrespective of the type of ginseng powder and storage period. In sensory test, 0.1 and 0.3% NPG-added yogurt showed similar results to control in yellowness, viscosity, and bitterness. Based on the data obtained from the present study, it was concluded that the concentrations 0.1 and 0.3% (w/v) of NPG could be used to produce NPG-added yogurt without significant adverse effects on physicochemical and sensory properties, and enhance functional value of yogurt.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1254-1262
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• 2021

최근 우리나라는 농업인구의 고령화와 감소로 농업 환경이 급격히 변하고 있으며 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 농업의 생산성 향상과 노동력 절감이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 ICT 기술과 융합된 스마트팜이 그 한 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 국내에서 스마트팜은 현재 주로 온실에 보급되어 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 스마트팜 기술을 새싹삼을 재배하는데 적용하고자 한다. 이를 위해 묘삼(1.0g내외)을 사용하여 온실에서 수경재배와 화학농약을 사용하지 않는 청정한 환경관리 기술로 단기간(2~3개월)에 생산되는 수삼인 새싹삼을 재배하기 위한 고형 배지, 베드를 개발하였다. 또 이러한 환경에서 새싹삼의 생육과정을 모니터링하고 구동장치들을 제어하기 위해 사물인터넷 기반의 생육환경관리시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in the quality of ginseng and predict its shelf-life. As the storage period of ginseng increased, some quality indicators, such as water-soluble pectin (WSP), CDTA-soluble pectin (CSP), cellulose, weight loss, and microbial growth increased, while others (Na₂CO₃-soluble pectin/NSP, hemicellulose, starch, and firmness) decreased. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the quality attribute data and the principal component 1 (PC1) scores extracted from the PCA results were applied to the multivariate analysis. The reaction rate at different temperatures and the temperature dependence of the reaction rate were determined using kinetic and Arrhenius models, respectively. Among the kinetic models, zeroth-order models with cellulose and a PC1 score provided an adequate fit for reaction rate estimation. Hence, the prediction model was constructed by applying the cellulose and PC1 scores to the zeroth-order kinetic and Arrhenius models. The prediction model with PC1 score showed higher R² values (0.877-0.919) than those of cellulose (0.797-0.863), indicating that multivariate analysis using PC1 score is more accurate for the shelf-life prediction of ginseng. The predicted shelf-life using the multivariate accelerated shelf-life test at 5, 20, and 35℃ was 40, 16, and 7 days, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2016

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-characterized medicinal herb listed in the classic oriental herbal dictionary as "Shin-nong-bon-cho-kyung." Ginseng has diverse pharmacologic and therapeutic properties. Black ginseng (BG, Ginseng Radix nigra) is produced by repeatedly steaming fresh ginseng nine times. Studies of BG have shown that prolonged heat treatment enhances the antioxidant activity with increased radical scavenging activity. Several recent studies have showed the effects of BG on increased lipid profiles in mice. In this study report the effects of water and ethanol extracts of BG on hypercholesterolemia in rats. To our knowledge, this is the first time such an effect has been reported. Methods: Experiments were conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with the water and ethanol extracts of BG (200 mg/kg). Their blood cholesterol levels, serum white blood cell levels, and cholesterol-metabolizing marker genes messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were determined. Liver and adipose tissues were histologically analyzed. Results: We found that BG extracts efficiently reduced the total serum cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels with increased food efficiency ratio and increased number of neutrophil cells. It also attenuated the key genes responsible for lipogenesis, that is, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase 2, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, at the mRNA level inside liver cells. Furthermore, the BG extract also reduced the accumulation of fat in adipose tissues, and inhibited the neutral fat content in liver cells stained with hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O. Conclusion: Administration of BG extracts to Sprague Dawley rats fed with high-cholesterol diet ameliorated hypercholesterolemia, which was mediated via modulation of cholesterol-metabolizing marker genes. This data throw a light on BG's cardioprotective effects.