• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.706-715
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• 2006

Nitrate reductase deficient (NR) mutant lines were selected indirectly by their resistance to 100mM chlorate in cell cultures of P. parviflora. A total of 585 chlorate resistant lines were confirmed by a second passage on a high concentration of chlorate. Frequency of spontaneous mutation was $9.7{\times}10^{-7}$ in 3 month old suspension-cultured cells, and in non-selective media containing amino acids as sole nitrogen source. The frequency of mutation could be increased up to 11-fold by culture for 12 months. Out of 40 randomly selected calli, 22 were fully deficient in NR. The rest of the clones contained a decreased level of NR activity. Further characterization was carried out in 13 mutant lines which were fully deficient in NR and in 5 mutant lines containing residual (0-7.0%) NR activity, as compared to wild-type cells cultured on the same medium. The $NR^-$ mutants were tentatively classified as defective in the NR apoenzyme (nia-type; 11 mutant lines including the 5 with residual NR activity) or in the molybdenum cofactor (cnx-type; 7 mutant lines) by the XDH activity. The cnx-type could be further classified into two groups. In one group (5 mutant lines) of these, the NR activity could be partially restored by nonphysiologically high (1.0mM) molybdate in the culture medium. Both types of $NR^-$ mutants were unable to grow on minimal medium containing nitrate as sole nitrogen source, but grew well on amino acids. They also proved to be extremely sensitive to the standard medium ($MSP_1$) containing nitrate and ammonium. Shoot regeneration was obtained only in the $NR^-$ mutants, which contained residual NR activity, but they so far have failed to grow into plants.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

본 논문은 새로운 형태의 코프래너 급전형 이중 주파수 안테나 구조로서 단순한 두 개의 모노폴 안테나를 접합시켜 구성한 이중 주파수 모노폴 안테나를 제시한다. 각 공진 주파수는 각각의 모노폴 길이에 의해 결정되며 보다 긴 길이의 모노폴이 첫 번째 낮은 주파수의 공진 모드를, 짧은 길이의 모노폴이 두 번째 높은 주파수의 공진 모드를 형성한다. 임피던스 정합을 일으키는 방법은 CPW 공급선로를 이루는 접지 평면과 모노폴 사이의 간격에 의한 기생적인 신호결합 효과를 이용하였다 시뮬레이션을 통하여 설계된 안테나의 규격을 따라 제작된 안테나는 두 개의 공진 주파수가 약 6.25[GHz]와 23.5[GHz]에서 일어났으며, 두 주파수 사이의 간격이 $370\;%$ 이상인 이중 주파수 모노폴 안테나였으며 VSWR=2 임피던스 대역폭은 각각 $35.2\%,\;41.3\%$로 나타났다. 제안된 안테나 구조은 단순한 모노폴 안테나 구조들을 결합하여 넓게 떨어진 두 주파수 대역에서 동작하게 하며 RF 집적회로를 위한 안테나 구성을 가능하게 하였다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

The effect of microstructure on alternating current-induced damage in 200 and 300 nm thick polycrystalline sputtered Cu lines on Si substrates has been investigated. Alternating currents were used to generate temperature cycles (with ranges from 100 to $300^{\circ}C$) and thermal strains (with ranges from 0.14 to $0.42\%$) in the Cu lines at a frequency of 10 kHz. Fatigue loading caused the development of severe surface roughness that was localized within individual grains which depends severely on grain orientations.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2003

Although tobacco smoke has been known to have genotoxicity as well as cytotoxicity, the sensitivity of the cell lines used against cigarette smoke is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the genotoxicity of several cell lines, which are routinely used in the in vitro assays, with cigarette smoke condensate(CSC) of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 1R4F. In the micronucleus(MN) induction assays, murine(CHO-K1, V79, BALB/c 3T3) cell lines and human(MCF-7, A549) ones were used. As a result, the CSC exhibited cytotoxicity with a concentration-dependent response in all cell lines. EC$_{50}$ of CSC in CHO-K1, V79, BALB/c 3T3, MCF-7 and A549 were 140, 125, 100, 116 and 109 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the spontaneous micronucleated cell(MNC) frequency was stable and reproducible in every cell lines tested in this study. The dose-response of various cell lines to the induction of MN by CSC was estimated using linear regression analysis. CSC(0～100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) caused a dose-dependent MN induction in CHO-K1, V79, BALB/c 3T3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Putting together all the data obtained and linear regression analysis of the data, we concluded that V79 cells are more susceptible to the accurate assessment of CSC-induced MN than the others.s.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

현재 인터넷 통신에 주로 사용하고 있는 x-DSLL 제품에 있어, ADSL은 대략 3.5km의 전송거리를 갖고 VDSL은 2km 이내의 전송거리를 갖는다. 즉, 전화선을 이용한 인터넷 전송속도는 전송선로의 특성상 통신속도와 반비례하여 전송거리가 결정되는 물리적 구조를 갖는다. 인터넷 전송방식에 따른 통신속도를 결정하는 또 다른 요소로 AM방송에 의한 ADSL회선의 속도저하, 단파통신에 의해 VDSL의 전송대역과 중첩되어 속도를 저하 시킨다. 본 연구에서는 Field to cable에 의해 유도된 공중파를 제거시키면서 신호를 증폭 전송대역을 최대로 확보하여 최적거리내 확보된 통신속도로 전송거리를 2배정도 향상시키는 제품개발에 관한 연구결과이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2015

This study aims to improve the dynamic stiffness of an inspection robot frame to prevent derailment from transmission lines. Finite element models for the transmission lines and robot frame are developed for the multi-body dynamic simulation. Natural frequency analysis was conducted using the FE models. Three types of spacer damper clamps installed on 4-conductor transmission lines are used to evaluate the derailment of the robot. Multi-body dynamic simulations with FE models are demonstrated for sub-span oscillation. When the robot operates, derailment of inspection robot from the transmission lines is determined because of resonance. To prevent the resonance, body position was changed and thickness optimization was conducted. The results show that derailment was not occurred because of the natural frequency improvement.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2015

Previously, we investigated extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on diverse DNA damage responses, such as phosphorylated H2AX (${\gamma}H2AX$), comet tail moments, and aneuploidy production in several non-tumorigenic epithelial or fibroblast cell lines. However, the effect of ELF-MF on DNA damage responses in neuronal cells may not be well evaluated. Here, we investigated the effects of ELF-MF on the DNA damage responses in HT22 non-tumorigenic mouse neuronal cells. Exposure to a 60-Hz, 2 mT ELF-MF did not produce any increased ${\gamma}H2AX$ expression, comet tail moments, or aneuploidy formation. However, 2 mT ELF-MF transiently increased the cell number. From the results, ELF-MF could affect the DNA damage responses differently, depending on the cell lines.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1813-1815
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• 1996

With the three dimensional magnetic field measuring system dealt with in this paper, accurate measurements and analyses of ELF magnetic fields in the vicinity of UHV overhead transmission lines and substations have been conducted. For the field measurements multiturn loop-type sensors have been developed with special consideration of taking lower frequency and spatial components without any distortion. So the measuring system has the frequency bandwidth of 8[Hz] to about 53[kHz] and the response sensitivity of $9.88[mV/{\mu}T]$ in average. A brief description of design rules of the measuring system and measurement procedures is given. The actual surrey near 154 and 345[kV] overhead transmission lines and power subststions was carried out and analyzed. It may be inferred from these results that the maximum magnetic field intensities under typical UHV overhead transmission lines do not exceed $20[{\mu}T]$ so that the field measurements satisfy sufficiently all limits or guidelines that various authorized international institutes recommend.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2003

Doubled haploids have long been recognized as a valuable tool in plant breeding since it not only offers the quickest method of advancing heterozygous breeding lines to homozygosity, but also increased the selection efficiency over conventional procedures due to better discrimination between genotypes within any one generation. Salt tolerant mutants were obtained in rice the variety, 'Hawsungbyeo', through in vitro mutagenesis of in vitro cultured anther-derived calli. Various doses (30, 50, 70 and 90 Gy) of gamma ray were applied to investigate the effect of radiation on callus formation on medium containing 1% NaCl, green plant regeneration, frequency of selected doubled haploid mutants and of the salt tolerant screen. It was demonstrated that the dose of 30 and 50 Gy gamma rays had significant effects on callus formation, regeneration and selection of salt tolerance. No tolerant lines were obtained from non-mutagenized cultures. From gamma ray irradiated cultures, five tolerant lines ($M_2$generation) at germination stage and 13 tolerant lines ($M_3$genoration) at seedling stage were obtained. The frequency of salt tolerant mutants indicates that anther culture applied in connection with gamma rays is an effective way to improve salt tolerance.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2006

The paper evaluated the behavior of in vitro culture responses from a diverse set of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Significant differences were found in embryogenic callus induction frequency, callus growth and plant regeneration frequency when mature embryos of 11 cultivars, breeding lines and land races were compared. Genotype as well as plant growth regulator influenced the plant regeneration frequency. Callus induction frequency was not correlated with callus growth as well as plant regeneration frequency. The regenerated plants could grow to normal, fertile plants after they were successfully established in soil.