• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to give some suggestions for the legal supplement of the regulation on the balcony expansion for the optimal use of apartment balcony. For the purpose, this study focused on the characteristics of spaces expanded to the balcony, in the plans supplied after the legalization of balcony expansion, comparing them by their location; the metropolitan area of Seoul Gyeonggi and the districts of the other areas. The 168 plans of apartments in the supplied by top 10 constructors in the metropolitan areas of Seoul and Gyeonggi, together with the 92 plans in the other smaller districts in 2006 to 2007 were analyzed with the tools of frequency and chi-square analysis. The result is as follows. (1) The region showed no difference in the plans of balcony; whereas the size, the position and access of the shelter explained some differences of balcony plan. (2) In wider plans, balconies were placed in all sides of plan-front, rear and side, and were remodeled to expand facing rooms. (3) The balcony expansion tended to increase the number of bays. (4) In almost cases, the living rooms were expanded to balcony. In smaller plans, the balconies were remodeled to supply supplementary kitchen space, splitting it from laundry. (5) The shelters were placed at the rear or side of plans, but the shelter facing room could be dangerous in case of fire. The balcony expansion, despite of legalization spirit to adopt diverse use of additional spaces for residents' needs, was only a tool for the space expansion. The amendment of the regulation is needed to accommodate these findings that the balconies should be identified by their function, that the front corridor-type balcony should be limited in length and magnitude, and that the shelter should be positioned with easy access.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.43
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• pp.314-358
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• 2008

This study examined how the meaning of news stories covering the split of national opinion was constructed in the media to represent social conflicts. To clarify the function of the term 'split of national opinion' as an ultimate term, this study examined the meaning of the term in the context of both text and society. Ten newspapers were included in the content analysis. The frequency of words used for the purpose of metaphor and equivalent in describing the split of national opinion was calculated to determine their meaning in the textual context. The frequency of incidents and subjects involved in allegedly causing the split of national opinion was calculated to determine their meaning in the social context. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the term 'split of national opinion' was coined by the newspapers as a metaphor of disease, disaster, and cost. The attitudes or the ways in which the split of national opinion was dealt with were generally negative and passive. Second, the term 'split of national opinion' was dealt with an equivalent status of such terms as national policy, national loss, societal problems, and ideology. Third, each newspaper reported that the split of national opinion had been caused by certain subjects, which indicates that each newspaper had its own position of viewing who was the key player in splitting the national opinion. The implication was also discussed that the use of the ultimate term would incur the unbalance of power between participants and the existing players, which would make individuals or groups who were involved in the social actions excluded and make the newspapers exercise the rhetorical power as news media.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.94
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• pp.246-252
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• 2005

A RF microstrip balun having low transmission loss for the balanced receiving dipole antenna is designed and fabricated using a three-section Wilkinson divider and two 3-dB quadrature couplers. It considers two types of the three-section Wilkinson dividers, the Cohn's optimum three-section structure and the miniaturized three-section structure, for wideband power splitting. Also, two 3-dB quadrature couplers for 180 degrees of phase difference adopt a twist-wire coaxial cable. The fabricated first balun having the Cohn's optimum three-section Wilkinson divider has 0.5 dB of transmission loss, $\pm$0.2 dB of amplitude imbalance, and 180$\pm$2.3 degrees of phase imbalance over 400 to 1000 MHz by measurement. The second one using the miniaturized three-section Wilkinson divider shows 1.0 dB of transmission loss, $\pm$0.7 dB of amplitude imbalance, and 180$\pm$8.8 degrees of phase imbalance over the same frequency band.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2013

This paper discusses the singly curved phased reflector for reduced RCS pattern, which has minimized RCS level at boresight with a null by phase cancelation and the lowered RCS level of main beam by splitting the main beam into multi directions. Considering the reduced level of boresight and main beam compared to the same sized reference PEC, this proposed multi-beam reflector can be adopted in the mono-static radar and the bi-static radar environment. The proposed reflector is a multi-beam reflector, which has different phase distributions at each row for different steering angle. It is designed through an intermediate stage of a single and dual-beam reflector. The behaviors of the designed reflectors are verified through full-wave simulation and experiment. The reflectors are designed in the frequency of 10 GHz and it has a size $240{\times}180mm^2$($8{\times}6\;{\lambda}^2$) with the curvature k=3.3. From the measured results, the proposed reflectors reduce the reflected power by 17 dB at boresight.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.273-291
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• 2020

The strength characteristics of the three orthogonal splitting planes, known as rift, grain and hardway planes in granite quarries, were examined. R, G and H specimens were obtained from the block samples of Jurassic granites in Geochang and Hapcheon areas. The directions of the long axes of these three specimens are perpendicular to each of the three planes. First, The chart, showing the scaling characteristics of three graphs related to the uniaxial compressive strengths of R, G and H specimens, were made. The graphs for the three specimens, along with the increase of strength, are arranged in the order of H < G < R. The angles of inclination of the graphs for the three specimens, suggesting the degree of uniformity of the texture within the specimen, were compared. The above angles for H specimens(θ^H, 24.0°~37.3°) are the lowest among the three specimens. Second, the scaling characteristics related to the three graphs of RG, GH and RH specimens, representing a combination of the mean compressive strengths of the two specimens, were derived. These three graphs, taking the various N-shaped forms, are arranged in the order of GH < RH < RG. Third, the correlation chart between the strength difference(Δσ_t) and the angle of inclination(θ) was made. The above two parameters show the correlation of the exponential function with an exponent(λ) of -0.003. In both granites, the angle of inclination(θ^RH) of the RH-graph is the lowest. Fourth, the six types of charts, showing the correlations among the three kinds of compressive strengths for the three specimens and the five parameters for the two sets of microcracks aligned parallel to the compressive load applied to each specimen, were made. From these charts for Geochang and Hapcheon granites, the mean value(0.877) of the correlation coefficients(R²) for total density(Lt), along with the frequency(N, 0.872) and density(ρ, 0.874), is the highest. In addition, the mean values(0.829) of correlation coefficients associated with the mean compressive strengths are more higher than the minimum(0.768) and maximum(0.804) compression strengths of three specimens. Fifth, the distributional characteristics of the Brazilian tensile strengths measured in directions parallel to the above two sets of microcracks in the three specimens from Geochang granite were derived. From the related chart, the three graphs for these tensile strengths corresponding to the R, G and H specimens show an order of H(R1+G1) < G(R2+H1) < R(R1+G1). The order of arrangement of the three graphs for the tensile strengths and that for the compressive strengths are mutually consistent. Therefore, the compressive strengths of the three specimens are proportional to the three types of tensile strengths. Sixth, the values of correlation coefficients, among the three tensile strengths corresponding to each cumulative number(N=1~10) from the above three graphs and the five parameters corresponding to each graph, were derived. The mean values of correlation coefficients for each parameter from the 10 correlation charts increase in the order of density(0.763) < total length(0.817) < frequency(0.839) < mean length(Lm, 0.901) ≤ median length(Lmed, 0.903). Seventh, the correlation charts among the compressive strengths and tensile strengths for the three specimens were made. The above correlation charts were divided into nine types based on the three kinds of compressive strengths and the five groups(A~E) of tensile strengths. From the related charts, as the tensile strength increases with the mean and maximum compressive strengths excluding the minimum compressive strength, the value of correlation coefficient increases rapidly.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

Milk is called an almost complete food in terms of nutrition, especially for the younger generations because it contains a number of nutrients required for growth and development. Lactose intolerance is defined as a malabsorption of lactose in the intestine with some typical symptoms of abdominal pains and bloating, and occurred at 75% of global populations, which hampers milk consumption worldwide. Lacks of milk consumption in the underdeveloped countries frequently lead to many nutrients deficiencies, so that diseases including osteoporosis, hypertension, and colon cancer are more prevalent in the recent days. Lactose in foods needs to be hydrolyzed prior to intestinal absorption. The hydrolytic enzyme responsible for splitting lactose into its monomeric forms, glucose and galactose, is called as lactase or $\beta$-galactosidase. The former is primarily used as blood sugar and energy source and the latter used in glycolipid synthesis of brain tissues in infants. Lactose is clinically diagnosed with the breath hydrogen production test as well as intestinal biopsy. Reportedly, symptoms of lactose intolerance are widely prevalent at 25% of Europeans, 50 to 80% of Hispanics, South Indians, Africans, and Jews, almost 100% of Asians and native Americans. For the adults, phenotype of lactase persistence, which is able to hydrolyse lactose, is more common in the northern Europeans, but in the other area lactase non-persistence or adult-type hypolactasia is dominant. Genetic analysis on human lactase gene continued that lactase persistence was closely related to the err site of 1390 single nucleotide polymorphism from the 5'-end. To alleviate severity of lactose intolerance symptoms, some eating patterns including drinking milk a single cup or less, consumption along with other foods, whole milk rather than skimmed milk, and drink with live yogurt cultures, are highly recommended for the lactose maldigesters. Also, delay of gastric emptying is effective to avoid the symptoms from lactose intolerance. Frequency of lactose intolerance with conventional diagnosis is thought overestimated mainly because the subjects are exposed to too much lactose of 50 g rather than a single serving amount. Thus simple and accurate diagnostic method for lactose intolerance need to be established. It is thought that fermented milk products and low- or free lactose milks help improve currently stagnant milk consumption due to lactose intolerance which contributes to major barrier in milk marketing especially in Asian countries.