• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1981

고강도(高强度)콘크리트의 제조방법중(製造方法中) 가장 대표적(代表的)이고 실용적(實用的)인 것으로 고성능감수제(高性能減水劑)와 고온고압양생(高溫高壓養生)에 의(依)한 방법등(方法等)이 있다. 본연구(本硏究)에서는 이와같은 고강도(高强度)콘크리트로 만든 콘크리트 Pile을 원심력성형(遠心力成形)과 손다짐으로 만들어 각각(各各)에 대(對)하여 Autoclave 양생(養生), Steam 양생후(養生後) 수중(水中) 14일(日) 양생(養生) 및 표준수중양생(標準水中養生)하여 동결융해시험(凍結融解試驗)을 하였으며 각종(各種)에 대(對)하여 내구성(耐久性)의 상관적(相關的)인 관계(關係)를 규명하였다. 이들 공시체(供試體)들의 동결융해(凍結融解)에 대(對)한 내구성(耐久性)은 일반적(一般的)으로 적당량(適當量)의 공기량(空氣量)을 함유(含有)하고 있을 때 상기(上記) 여러 가지 양생(養生)에 대(對)하여 비교적(比較的) 충분(充分)한 내구성(耐久性)이 있는 것으로 판명(判明)되었으나 AE제(劑)를 사용(使用)하지 않은 경우에는 Autoclave 양생(養生)한 고강도(高强度)콘크리트는 타양생(他養生)한 고강도(高强度)콘크리트보다 강도면(强度面)에서는 높았으나 동탄성계수(動彈性係數)가 좀 낮았고 시험후(試驗後)의 내구성계수(耐久性係數)도 극(極)히 약(弱)하였다. 그러나 원심력성형(遠心力成形)한 non AE 콘크리트 Pile은 표준양생(標準養生)하였을 때 내구성계수(耐久性係數)가 100 이상(以上)이었으며 중량감소(重量減少)도 없었다는 사실로 미루어 타 공시체보다 내구성(耐久性)이 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 콘크리트 포장의 한 종류인 줄눈콘크리트 포장의 열화정도를 평가하는 것이다. 첫째로, 열화종류를 관찰하기 위하여 콘크리트 포장 육안조사를 실시하였다. 육안조사 결과 콘크리트 포장 파손의 형태는 대부분 줄눈 부위에서 조사되었고, 내구성 균열과 줄눈 파손이 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째로, 육안조사 결과에 기초하여 콘크리트 포장을 양호한 단면(4개소)과 불량한 단면(4개소)으로 구분하여 총 8개소에서 콘크리트 코어시편을 채취하였고, 콘크리트 열화 원인을 콘크리트 코어시편의 초음파 강도추정, 쪼갬인장강도 실험 및 화상분석 실험을 이용하여 분석하였다. 화상분석 실험결과, 총 21개의 시험편에서 Kansas DOT 기준(간격계수 $250\;{\mu}m$이하)을 만족하는 시험편은 단지 2개에 불과했고, 나머지 19개의 시험편의 간격계수는 $250\;{\mu}m$ 이상으로 평가되어 내구성 지수가 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 조사된 콘크리트 포장의 주 열화 원인은 동결융해작용인 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1385-1390
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• 2006

Concrete structure can be deteriorated by ingress of moisture and aggressive agents. To maintain the sound performance of concrete structure during the service life, it needs to protect concrete from ingress of moisture and aggressive agents before arising deterioration of concrete. Protection of concrete is possible by surface treatment. In this study, durability of the functional nano composite inorganic activated carbon based coatings which can provide a barrier against the ingress of moisture or aggressive ions to concrete is discussed. For the durability evaluation of the coatings, fine void structure evaluation test, chloride penetration acceleration test, accelerated carbonation test, freezing and thawing test, and the accelerated test of chemical erosion are conducted. As the result of this study, the functional nano composite inorganic activated carbon based coatings which became one formed complex compound with adsorption and porosity on concrete surface, had an effect on the function of far infrared radiation, antimicrobial action, air cleaning, airing assurance, and the interception of moisture of deterioration factor, chloride ion, carbon dioxide, sulfate, and so on.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1997

The studies were carried out to investigate the effects of co-culture with cumulus cells and oviduct epithelial cells on the in vitro fertilization and cleavage rate of bovine follicular cocytes and to determine the optimum thawing temperature and equilibration time on in vitro developmental rate of frozen bovine embryos. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Korean native cows. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TGM-199 medium containing 10 IU /ml의 PM SG, 10 IU /ml의 hCG, ip g/ml의 $\beta$-estradiol and 10% FCS for 24~48 hrs in incubator with 5% $CO_2$ in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$. The bovine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and a various concentration of sucrose were directly plunged into liquld nitrogen and thawed in 3$0^{\circ}C$ water. Survival rate was defined as developmental rate on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are sunanarized as followes :1. The in vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured with cumulus cells in TCM499 medium were 75.0~76.8% and 17.3~27.6%, respect-ively. And in-vitro fertilization rates of cumulus-enclosed oocytes(55.4%)were significantly(p<0.05) higher than cumulus-denuded oocytes (23.1%). 2. The in vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes co-cultured with l$\times$ l04cells /ml, 1 x l06cells /ml, lx l08cells /ml and 1 x l015cells /ml oviduct epithelial cells in TCM-199 medium were 74.5~77.8% and 15.7~21.20 respectively.3. The in-vitro fertilization and in vitro developmental rates of bovine oocytes cocultured in '1CM-199 media containing PMSG, hCG, PMSG+hCG. PMSG+$\beta$-estradiol, hCG+$\beta$-estradiol 0 to 40 hrs after insemination were 74.0~77.4% and l8.9~23.l%, re-spectiv ely.4.The survival rates of bovine embryos thawed after rapid freezing in the freezing medium containing a various concentration of sucrose added 1.5M and 2.OM glycerol,DMSO and propanediol were 23.5~31.4% and 20.6~34.l%, respectively. 5. The temperature thawed at 3$0^{\circ}C$ after rapid freezing of bovine embryos resulted in a significantly higher embryos survival rate than did at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$.6. The equilibration time on the survival rates of bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(2.5~5 min.) in the freezing medium higher than long period of time (10~20min.). (Key words : bovine embryos, co-culture, freezing, in vitro development)

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This paper focuses on strength development according to the mix design with cement type and mineral admixture from laboratory and field tests in cool weather. METHODS : Two methods evaluated the mix design of concrete pavement in cool weather. Firstly, laboratory tests including slump, air contents, setting time, strength, maturity, and freezing-thawing test were conducted. Three alternatives were selected based on the tests. Secondly, a field test was conducted and the optimum mix design in cool weather was suggested. RESULTS : It is an evident from the laboratory test that a mix with type III cement showed better performance than the one with type I cement. There was a delay in strength development of a mix with mineral admixture compared to mix design without any mineral admixture. In the field test, type III cement+flyash 20% mix design proved the best performance. CONCLUSIONS : For concrete pavement in cool weather, mix design using type III cement could overcome the strength delay due to mineral admixture. Moreover, it is possible to make sure of durability of pavement. Therefore, strength and durability problems due to cool weather would decrease.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.818-821
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• 2004

Generally, the high performance concrete of drying cracking and autogenous shrinkage are tend to be increased. In the previous study, it was found that the using method in combination with expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent was more effective than the separtely using method of that. This study is to investigated the durability of high performance concrete using expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent. Test results showed that the high performance concrete using expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent had very good not only the durability performance such as salt injury, carbonation, resistance to freezing-thawing and permeability but also the resistance to shrinkage.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the resilient modulus (Mr) and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of two recycled roadway materials such as recycled pavement material (RPM) and road surface gravel (RSG) with or without cement kiln dust (CKD). The recycled materials were blended with two CKD contents (5, 10 %) and 28 day curing time. Mr and UCS tests were also conducted after 10cycles of freezing and thawing to asses the impact of freeze-thaw cycling. Mr was determined conducting by the laboratory test method described by NCHRP 1-28A. Stabilized RPM and RSG had a modulus and a strength higher than unstabilized RPM and RSG. Mr and UCS of RPM and RSG mixed with CKD increased with increasing CKD content. The results indicated that the addition of CKD could be improved the strength and the stiffness of RPM and RSG. Therefore, RPM, RSG and CKD could be used as an effective materials in the reconstruction of roads.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.433-438
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the resistance of water-permeable concretes to freezing and thawing action. The water-permeable concretes with cement-aggregate ratio of 1:5.5(by weight) and two kinds of admixture content [SP : superplasticizer(0, 1.0%), HPAE : high performance air entraining agent(0.5, 1%)] used OPC(ordinary portland cement) as binder were prepared, and then tested for relative dynamic modulus of elasiticity, mass change, length change and durablity factor. It's been concluded from the test results that the superior relative dynamic modulus of elasiticity and durability factor of water-permeable concretes were obtained at superplaciticizer 1.0% after 300 cycles. The water-permeable concretes used superplasiticizer 1.0% having relative durability factor of 88% after 300 cycles.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2000

It has been reported that few manufacturers of cement mortar for precast products use chemical and mineral admixture due to the absense of restrictions related to the application of admixture and the poor manufacturing facilities. Therefore, this paper is intended to contribute to the improvement of quality by investigating the properties of cement mortar for precast products using fly ash, blast furnace slag and AE water reducing agent. According to the test results. it was found that the cement mortar products using fly ash and AE water-reducing agent had better qualities than those of ordinary portland cement.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.5-8
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• 2006

In this study, various fundamental experiments including durability and time-dependent deformation are performed to compile a database for a utilization of high-strength concrete for PSC bridges. In the mix design, concrete strength at early age when prestressing forces are introduced to the PSC member and slumpflow suitable for pumping of concrete are considered to make a concrete fit for PSC bridges. The main parameters investigated are the kinds and replacement ratios of mineral admixtures and low-heat cement. Experimental tests on durability include penetration of chloride ions, freezing-thawing, combined deterioration, and simple adiabatic temperature rise test. In addition, time-dependent deformation such as creep, drying and autogenous shrinkage, which is particularly important factor in the design and construction of PSC bridges, is tested and analyzed.