• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.720-725
• /
• 2012

Sodium hypochlorite is used worldwide as a water disinfectant and in bleaching agent. Sodium hypochlorite applied to water initially undergoes hydrolysis to form free chlorine consisting of hypochlorous acid(HOCl) and hypochlorite ion($OCl^-$). For free chlorine determination, an electrochemical method is simple due to the electroactivity of free chlorine; it measures current and is free of most reagents. Amperometric free chlorine sensor has been developed with gold (Au)-based electrode. The 3-electrode free chlorine sensor whose working and counter electrodes were Pt exhibited excellent response to HClO at +400mV vs. Ag/AgCl/sat. KCl. In addition, the use of a pH error correction algorithm provided a reliable measurement of residual free chlorine in water sample without any pretreatment in the normal pH range(pH 6~8) of municipal water supply. The free chlorine sensor installed in on-line monitoring system could be used to continually monitor the level of residual free chlorine in real samples.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.449-456
• /
• 2007

The work described in this study concerns the development of a disposable amperometric sensor for the electrochemical detection of a well-known aqueous pollutant, free available chlorine (FAC). The FAC sensor developed used screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) coupled with immobilised syringaldazine, commonly used as an indicator in photometric FAC detection, which was directly immobilised on the surface of SPCEs using a photopolymer PVA-SbQ. To enable in-field analysis of FAC, a prototype hand-held electrochemical analyzer has been developed to withstand the environment with its rugged design and environmentally sealed connections; it operates from two PP3 (9 volt) batteries and is comparable in accuracy and sensitivity to commercial bench top systems. The sensitivity of the FAC sensor developed was $3.5{\;}nA{\mu}M^{-1}cm^{-2}$ and the detection limit for FAC was found to be $2.0{\;}{\mu}M$.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 2012

수질 분석에서 염소 소독제 잔류량 측정은 세균학적 안전성 확보와 염소의 과다 주입을 억제하기 위한 수단으로 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 이러한 휴대용 잔류염소 측정기 개발을 위한 일회용 유리염소 스트립 센서를 스크린 프린팅 기술을 이용한 탄소 전극으로 제작하였다. 탄소 전극은 금과 백금 전극에 비해 결합염소(특히 $NH_2Cl$) 방해종에 대한 영향이 적었으며, -0.3 V(vs. Ag/AgCl) 인가전위에서 유리염소에 대해 안정한 감응성을 나타냈다. 이렇게 제작된 탄소 전극에 모세관현상으로 일정량의 시료를 재현성 있게 도입할 수 있는 유로구조를 갖는 일회용 스트립센서로 제작하였고, 잔류 유리염소의 분석에 적용하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.1583-1588
• /
• 2010

A single step fabrication process of carbon nanotube/Prussian Blue (CNT/PB) paste electrodes based on screen printing technology has been studied as an amperometric sensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and free chlorine. Compared to the classical carbon paste (CP) electrode, the CNT paste electrode greatly enhanced the response in the presence of hydrogen peroxide due to the electrocatalytic activity of the CNT. Based on the CNT/binder paste, PB was also incorporated into a network of CNT paste and characterized. The best electroanalytical properties of PB-mixed sensors to hydrogen peroxide were obtained with PB ratio of 10 wt % composition, which showed fast response time ($t_{90}{\leq}5$ s; 0.2 - 0.3 mM), low detection limit of 1.0 ${\mu}M$, good linear response in the range from $5.0{\times}10^{-5}$ - $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ mol $L^{-1}$ ($r^2$ = 0.9998), and high sensitivity of -8.21 ${\mu}AmM^{-1}$. In order to confirm the enhanced electrochemical properties of CNT/PB electrode, the sensor was further applied for the determination of chlorine in water, which exhibited a linear response behavior in the range of 50 - 2000 ppb for chlorine with a slope of 1.10 ${\mu}Appm^{-1}$ ($r^2$ = 9971).

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.368-374
• /
• 2011

A microfluidic device for real-time monitoring of residual free chlorine and pH in water based on optical absorption is proposed. The device consists of a serpentine micromixer for mixing samples with a reagent, and a photodiode and light emitting diode(LED) for the detection of light absorbance at specific wavelengths, determined for specific reagent combinations. Spectral analyses of the samples mixed with N, N'-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine(DPD) reagent for chlorine determination and bromothymol blue(BTB) for pH measurement are performed, and the wavelengths providing the most useful linear changes in absorbance with chlorine concentration and pH are determined and used to select the combination of LED and photodiode wavelengths for each analyte. In tests using standard solutions, the device is shown to give highly reproducible results, demonstrating the feasibility of the device for the inexpensive and continuous monitoring of water quality parameters with very low reagent consumption.