• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1997

본 연구는 자유표면 인삭을 위한 실험 기법 개발에 관한 연구이다. 2차원 수중익에 의해 발생되는 자유표면파를 연구대상으로 삼았다. 실험은 회류수조에서 행하였다. NACA 0012 수중익을 여러가지 길이와 2가지양각에 대해서 실험한 결과 생기는 비선형 자유표면 파를 인식할 수 있도록 영상처리 기술을 도입하였다. 실헙결과 얻은 자유표면 형상을 다른 연구자의 결과와 비교하였다. 비교결과 영상처리의 기법이 자유표면을 인식하는데 대단히 유용한 도구임을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.389-391
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• 2010

The Free surface influenced the wake behind a circular cylinder and its effects were investigated experimentally in a circulating water channe with the variation of water depth Instantaneous velocity fields were measured in this paper. the measured results has been compared with each other to investigate the flow characteristics of the circular cylinder's 2-dimensional section at $Re=1.0\times10^3$ using 2-frame grey level cross correlation PIV method. The flow around the circular cylinder with free surface affected the wake structure. especially, in case of d=1.0D, the boundary layer was measured in the whole area. The separation point and boundary layer of the circular cylinder could be controlled by the water depth.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.331-336
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• 2010

The free surface influenced the wake behind a circular cylinder and its effects were investigated experimentally in a circulating water channel with the variation of water depth. Instantaneous velocity fields were measured in this paper. The measured results has been compared with each other to investigate the flow characteristics of the circular cylinder's 2-dimensional section at $Re=1.0{\times}10^3$ using 2-frame grey level cross correlation PIV method. The flow around the circular cylinder with free surface affected the wake structure. Especially, in case of d=1.0D, the boundary layer was measured in the whole area. The separation point and boundary layer of the circular cylinder could be controlled by the water depth.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 1999

PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) velocity field measurements inside the snout of a1/10 scale model of the Zn plating process were carried out at the strip speed $V_s=1.5m/s$. Aluminum powder particles ($1{\mu}m$) and atomized olive oil ($3{\mu}m$) were used as seeding particles to simulate the molten Zinc flow and deoxidization gas flow, respectively. A pulsed Nd:Yag laser and a $2K{\times}2K$ high-resolution CCD camera were synchronized for the PIV velocity field measurement. From flow visualization study, it is found that the liquid flow in the Zn pot is dominantly governed by the uprising flow caused by the rotating sink roll, with its effect on the steel strip inside the snout largely diminished by installing of the snout. The deoxidization gas flow in front of the strip inside the snout can be characterized by a large-scale vortex rotating clockwise direction formed by the moving strip. In the rear side of the strip, a counter-clockwise vortex is formed and some of the flow entrained by the moving strip impinges on the free surface of molten zinc. The liquid flow in front of the strip is governed by the flow entering the snout, caused by the spinning sink roll. Just below the free surface a counter-clockwise vortex is formed near the snout wall. The moving strip affects dominantly the flow behind the strip inside the snout, and large amount of the liquid flow follows the moving strip toward the sink roll. The thickness of the flow following the strip is very thin in the front side due to the uprising flow, however thick boundary layer is formed in the rear side of the strip. Its thickness is increased as moving downstream toward the sink roll. Inside the snout, the deoxidization gas flow above the free surface is much faster than the liquid flow in the zinc pot. Due to the larger influx of the flow following the moving strip in the rear side of the strip, higher percentage of imperfection can be anticipated on the rear surface of the strip.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2000

An experimental study has been carried out at circulating water channel to investigate the non-breaking and breaking waves generated by a submerged circular cylinder steadily moving under the free surface. Free surface profiles and pressure distributions on cylinder surface were measured at various submerged depths of cylinder. They were complemented by the measurements of velocities, head losses and turbulence intensities in the wakes of body and "breaker". Part 1 of this three-part paper describes the experimental arrangement and the patterns of wave profile and pressure distribution at various depths of submergence. These databank contributions are of special interest in traditional ship hydrodynamics. In Part 2, special focuses are made to elucidate the viscous and turbulent aspects of flow field. Finally Part 3 will deal with the visualization of instantaneous vortical flow to study the mutual interaction between vorticies shedded from the free-surface and the cylinder using a Particle Image Velocimetry.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Air-water flow measurements are of importance for the coastal and ocean engineering fields. Although kinematic investigations of the multi-phase flows have been conducted for long time, velocity measurements still are concerned with many researchers and engineers in coastal and ocean areas. In the present study, an imaging technique using shadowgraphy and fiber optic probe for velocity measurements of air bubbles is introduced. The shadow graphy image technique is modified from the typical image velocimetry methods, and optical fibers are used for the well-known intrusive coupled phase-detection probe system. Since the imaging technique is a non-intrusive optical method from the air, it is usually applied for 2D flows. On the other hand, the double fiber optic probes touch flows regardless of flow patterns. The results of the flow measurements by both methods are compared and discussed. The methods are also applied to the measurements of overtopping flows by a breaking wave over the structure fixed on the free surface.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

An experimental study has been carried out at circulating water channel to investigate the viscous flow around breaking waves generated by a submerged hydrofoil(NACA0012). Detailed flow measurements were made at several critical points including an incipient wave-breaking point and a fully-developed wave breaker. Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) was employed to visualize the flow field very close to the breaker as well as at the near- and far-wake of the breaker. Generation, development and decay of the wave breaker have been investigated. It is found that PIV technique could be well applied to the complex flow field, including the vortical structures near the free surface as well as the wake of the hydrofoil.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1527-1534
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• 2001

Phase averaged velocity fields in the near wake region behind a square cylinder have been (successfully) obtained using randomly sampled PIV data sets. The Reynolds number based on the flow velocity and the vertex height was 3,900. To identify the phase information, we examined the magnitude of circulation and the center of peak vorticity. The center of vorticity was estimated from lowpass filtered vorticity contours (LES decomposition) adopting a sub-pixel searching algirithm. Due to the sinusoidal nature of firculation which is closely related to the instantaneous vorticity, the location of peak voticity fits well with a sine curve of the circulation magnitude. Conditionally-averaged velocity fields represent the barman vortex shedding phenomenon very well within 5 degrees phase uncertainty. The oscillating nature of the separated shear layer and the separation bubble at the top surface are clearly observed. With the hot-wire measurements of Strouhal frequency, we found thats the convection velocity changes its magnitude very rapidly from 25 to 75 percent of the free stream velocity along the streamwise direction when the flow passes by the recirculation region.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2004

The present study investigates on the experimental and numerical results of heat transfer in the acoustic fields induced by ultrasonic waves. The strong upwards flow which moves from the bottom surface in a cavity to the free surface called as "acoustic streaming" was visualized by a particle image velocimetry (PIV). In addition, the augmentation ratio of heat transfer was experimentally investigated in the presence of acoustic streaming and was compared with the profiles of acoustic pressure calculated by the numerical analysis. A coupled finite element-boundary element method (FE-BEM) was applied for a numerical analysis. The results of experimental and numerical studies clearly show that acoustic pressure variations caused by ultrasonic waves in a medium are closely related to the augmentation of heat transfer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.617-624
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• 2011

The two-dimensional sloshing problem in a rigid rectangular tank with a free surface is considered. The flow is generated by a container in harmonic motion in time along the horizontal axis, i.e., a container excited by u=Asin($2{\pi}ft$) where u denotes the container velocity imposed externally, A is the amplitude of the oscillation velocity, and f is the frequency of oscillation. Experimental apparatus is arranged to investigate the large-amplitude sloshing flows in off-resonant conditions, where the large amplitude means that A~O(1), and the distance, S, is comparable to the breadth, L, of the container, i.e., L/S~O(1). Comprehensive particle image velocimetry (PIV) data are obtained, which show that the flow physics of the nonlinear off-resonant sloshing problem can be characterized into three peculiar free surface motions: standing-wave motions similar to those of linear sloshing, a run-up phenomenon along the vertical sidewall at the moment of turn-over of the container, and gradually propagating bore motion from the sidewall to the interior fluid region, like a hydraulic jump.