• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of temperature activation and agitation on lipolysis of goat milk. When goat milk was temperature activated twice at intervals of 12hours, free fatty acids were significantly increased after the first activation, but increased slightly during the re-cooling period and after the second activation. Lipolysis of the goat milk warmed at $30^{\circ}C$ was significantly facilitated during the re-cooling period. Lipolysis of the goat milk warmed at $30^{\circ}C$ was much higher than those warmed at $10^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ respectively. The highest lipolysis was occurred when the goat milk was warmed at $30^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes after pre-cooling for 24 hours at $40^{\circ}C$. However, any significant difference was not found in the milk warmed at $40^{\circ}C$, regardless of the pre-cooling period. Lipolysis of the goat milk warmed and agitated at $30^{\circ}C$ was significantly facilitated during the re-cooling period. The lipolysis of that at $30^{\circ}C$ was significantly facilitated during the re-cooling period. The lipolysis of that at $30^{\circ}C$ was much enhanced with agitation. The lipolysis was much higher when agitated at $30^{\circ}C$ than when agitated at $10^{\circ}C$. The length of agitation time at $30^{\circ}C$ didn't give any effect on lipolysis.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cooling energy saving effects of CRAH supply air temperature(SAT) and design flow rate changes when applying air-side economizer in the data center. MLC(Mechanical Load Component), which is cooling performance indicator of data center, was used to assess the effectiveness of cooling energy savings. It was computed with energy simulation (DesignBuilder) to evaluate the cooling energy performance of 8 different alternatives in a data center. The MLC was 0.31~0.32 regardless of CRAH supply temperature without air-side economizer, and 0.15 to 0.19 value with air-side economizer. That is, cooling energy can be reduced by approximately 40~55% when applying economizer. As the CRAH SAT and design flow rate changed, the MLC values were 0.16 to 0.18 and 0.15 to 0.19, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1417-1429
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• 2004

The objective of the paper was to study the drinking and other related behavior of dairy cows (Bos taurus). There were 142 Holstein dairy cows observed and compared in this study. The experiment was designed on the basis of two different housing systems (wet pad with forced ventilation cooling house and open house); two different seasons (winter and summer); four different stages (high milk yielding cows, low milk yielding cows, dry cows, and heifers); and grouping (home and visitor animals). All cows had free access to water. Dairy cows spent 13.8 min/day drinking in wet-pad house and 11.7 min/day in open house. owever, there was no significant difference in the duration of water drinking between these two housing systems (p>0.05). The water consumption was significantly higher in wet-pad housed animals (68 L/day) than open-housed animals (31.5 L/day) (p<0.05). A significant interaction between housing and grouping (p<0.05) was found. Home and visitor animals spent more time drinking in open house, wet-pad house, respectively. A highly significant interaction was found between housing and drinking time during the day (p<0.001). Animals in open house drank more during the morning (6:00 to 10:00 h), whereas wet-pad housed animals drank in the afternoon (14:00 to 15:00 h) and evening (18:00 to 20:00 h). The average time a cow spent in drinking in summer was not ignificantly different from that of drinking in winter. However, the water intake was significantly higher in summer (61.9 L/day) than in winter (38.6 L/day) (p<0.05). Drinking activity showed a highly significant interaction between season and physiological stage (p<0.01). High milk yield cows spent more time drinking in summer than in winter, whereas cows in all other stages followed the opposite drinking pattern. Grouping exchange did not influence the drinking behavior of dairy cows in either season (p>0.05); both home and visitor animals spent almost the same time in drinking water. A strong significant interaction between season and time during the day was found(p<0.01), suggesting that animal's high drinking frequency occurred during the daytime for both seasons, with a peak midday in winter and two peaks at 10:00 h in the morning and 19:00 h in summer. Thus, drinking behavior was associated with the cooler time of day in summer and with the warmer hours of day in winter. High and low milk yielding cows and heifers spent 15.3 min/day, 14.3 min/day, and 12.8 min/day, respectively, in water drinking activity, but there was no significant difference among them (p>0.05). There was, however, a significant difference in water drinking activity found in dry cows, which spent less time in drinking at 8.2 min/day (p<0.05).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.593-598
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• 1996

과거에 심근보호에 대한 많은 조사는 저온의 고칼릅 심정지액 및 국소적 냉각에 의한 방법으로는한 계가 있다는 지적이 있었다. 따라서 최근의 실험들은 재관류의 방법에 따른 허혈 후 심근회복에 대하여 촛점이 맞춰 지고 있다. 재관류 시 산소에 의한 심근손상이 밝혀 짐으로써 oxygen free radical scavenger에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 본 교실에서는 쥐에게 항산화제로서 비타민 C를 먹인 후 Langendorf'r system을 이용하여 허혈 및 재관류 시 좌심실 기능의 변화를 관찰하였다 대상은 체중 190-))Og의 Sprague-Dawley쥐를 암수 구별없이 사용하였다. 편의상 비타민을 먹이지 않 은 대조군을 Group A (n=10)라 하였고 200mg의 비타민을 먹인 실험군을 Group R (n=10)라 하였다. 실 험군의 경우는 비타민 C 200mg을 경구투여한 후 24시간에 시행하였다. 방법은 언저 복강을 통해 헤파 린과 펜토탈을 주입한 후 심장을 적출하여 Langendorff system에 거치하고 비운동성 역관류를 시켰다. 관류액은 변형된 Krebs-Henseleit solution을 사용하였다. 좌심실내에 풍선을 삽입하여 polygraph를 통해 좌심실의 혈역학적 기능을 관찰하였다. 먼저 20분간 심 揚\ulcorner안정될 때까지 기다린 다음 51. Thomas심 정 지액으로 심정 지를 시킨후 30분간 허 혈시키고 다시 20분간 재관류시켰다. 각 Group에서 허혈전후의 좌심실압의 비, dp/dt의 비,박동수의 비, 재관류 후 첫 박동 및 안정될 때 까지의 시간을Group간에 비 교하였다. 좌심실압의 비는 Group A가 평균 88.9%, Group B가 114%로 실험군이 의의있게 높았으며 역시 dp/dt도 Group A가 89.6%, Group B가 1)2.9%로 실험군이 의의 있게 높았다 그러나 박동수의 비, 재관류 후 첫 박동 및 안정될 때 까지의 시간의 비교는 통계 학적 의의가 없었다. 결론적으로 항산화제로서 비타민 C는 허혈 및 재관류 시 좌심실 기능회복에 도움이 되었다. 그러나 향후 임상적 적용을 위해서는 더욱 자세하고 많은 실험 이 요구된다.