• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2002

This paper proposes a frame reliability weighting method to compensate for a time-selective noise that occurs at random positions of speech signal contaminating certain parts of the speech signal. Speech frames have different degrees of reliability and the reliability is proportional to SNR (signal-to noise ratio). While it is feasible to estimate frame Sl? by using the noise information from non-speech interval under a stationary noisy situation, it is difficult to obtain noise spectrum for a time-selective noise. Therefore, we used statistical models of clean speech for the estimation of the frame reliability. The proposed MFR (model-based frame reliability) approximates frame SNR values using filterbank energy vectors that are obtained by the inverse transformation of input MFCC (mal-frequency cepstral coefficient) vectors and mean vectors of a reference model. Experiments on various burnt noises revealed that the proposed method could represent the frame reliability effectively. We could improve the recognition performance by using MFR values as weighting factors at the likelihood calculation step.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2023

The presented paper considers infill masonry walls' influence on the seismic reliability of precast concrete frames. The recent Bojnord earthquake on May 13th, 2017 in Iran (MW 5.4) illustrated that the infill masonry walls play a crucial role in the damage extent and life safety issues of inhabitants in the precast concrete buildings. The incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) approach was used to determine the fragility curves of the represented damaged precast frame. Then, by integrating site hazard and structural fragilities, the seismic reliability of the represented precast frame was evaluated in different damage limit states. Additionally, the static pushover analysis (SPA) approach was used to assess the seismic performance assessment of the precast frame. Bare and infilled frames were modeled as 2D frames employing the OpenSees software platform. The multi-strut macro-model method was employed for infill masonry simulation. Also, a relatively efficient and straightforward nonlinear model was used to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the precast beam-column joint. The outputs show that consideration of the masonry infilled wall effect in all spans of the structural frame leads to a decrease in the possibility of exceedance of specified damage limit states in the structures. In addition, variation of hazard curves for buildings with and without consideration of infilled walls leads to a decrease in the reliability of the building's frames with masonry infilled walls. Furthermore, the lack of infill walls in the first story significantly affects the precast concrete frame's seismic reliability and performance.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.633-646
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• 2014

Purpose: The conventional predicted MFTBF by military standard has a wide discrepancy to that of real-world operation, which leads to overstock and increase operation cost. This paper introduces a analyzing frame using operational reliability and cost data to overcome the discrepancy, and provides reliability improvement process employing the analyzing frame. Methods: This paper suggests Reliability-Cost Matrix (R-C Matrix) and Operational Reliability & Cost Index (ORCI) as a tool for reliability evaluation. Results: KOREIP(KAI's Operational Reliability Evaluation and Improvement Process) is developed employing Reliability-Cost Matrix and Operational Reliability & Cost Index. Conclusion: KOREIP provides a process and its activities based on Reliability-Cost Matrix frame. The process and activities leads reliability improvement of aerospace electronic equipments by means of categorizing and follow-up action based on the concept of frame.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.369-382
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• 2017

This study investigates the reliability of the performance levels of moment resisting steel frames subjected to lateral loads such as wind and earthquake. The reliability assessment has been performed with respect to three performance levels: serviceability, damageability, and ultimate limit states. A four-story moment resisting frame is used as a typical example. In the reliability assessment the uncertainties in the loadings and in the capacity of the frame have been considered. The wind and earthquake loads are assumed to have lognormal distribution, and the frame resistance is assumed to have a normal distribution. In order to obtain an appropriate limit state function a linear relation between the loading and the deflection is formed. For the reliability analysis an algorithm has been developed for determination of limit state functions and iterations of the first order reliability method (FORM) procedure. By the method presented herein the multivariable analysis of a complicated reliability problem is reduced to an S-R problem. The procedure for iterations has been tested by a known problem for the purpose of avoiding convergence problems. The reliability indices for many cases have been obtained and also the effects of the coefficient of variation of load and resistance have been investigated.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.719-729
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• 2017

A considerable research is available on the seismic response of Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear wall-frame buildings, but the studies on the reliability of such buildings, with the consideration of human error, are limited. In the present study, a detailed procedure for reliability assessment of RC shear wall-frame building subjected to earthquake loading against serviceability limit state is presented. Monte Carlo simulation was used for the reliability assessment. The procedure was implemented on a 10-story RC building to demonstrate that the shear walls improve the reliability substantially. The annual and life-time failure probabilities of the studied building were estimated by employing the information of the annual probability of earthquake occurrence and the design life of the building. A simple risk-based cost assessment procedure that relates both the structural life-time failure probability and the target reliability with the total cost of the building was then presented. The structural failure probability (i.e., the probability of exceeding the allowable drift) considering human errors was also studied. It was observed that human error in the estimation of total load and/or concrete strength changes the reliability sharply.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.295-315
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an analytical study on seismic reliability of viscoelastically damped frame systems in comparison with that of conventional moment resisting frame systems. In order to exhibit the reliability of the frame systems with viscoelastic dampers, seismic reliability analyses were carried out for steel framed buildings, 5 and 12 storeys in height, designed as: (a) Case 1: Conventional moment resisting frame, (b) Case 2: Frame with viscoelastic dampers providing supplemental effective damping ratio of 10%, and (c) Case 3: Frame with viscoelastic dampers providing supplemental effective damping ratio of 20%. Nonlinear time history analyses were utilized to develop seismic fragility curves whilst monitoring various performance objectives. To obtain robust estimators of the seismic reliability, a database including 15 natural earthquake ground motion records with markedly different characteristics was employed in the fragility analysis. The results indicate that depending upon the supplemental effective damping ratio, frames designed with viscoelastic dampers have considerably lower annual probability of exceedance of performance limit states for structural components, showing up to a five-fold reduction in comparison to conventionally designed moment resisting frame system.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the finite element (FE) response sensitivity and reliability analyses considering smooth constitutive material models. A reinforced concrete frame is modeled for FE sensitivity analysis followed by direct differentiation method under both static and dynamic load cases. Later, the reliability analysis is performed to predict the seismic behavior of the frame. Displacement sensitivity discontinuities are observed along the pseudo-time axis using non-smooth concrete and reinforcing steel model under quasi-static loading. However, the smooth materials show continuity in response sensitivity at elastic to plastic transition points. The normalized sensitivity results are also used to measure the relative importance of the material parameters on the structural responses. In FE reliability analysis, the influence of smoothness behavior of reinforcing steel is carefully noticed. More efficient and reasonable reliability estimation can be achieved by using smooth material model compare with bilinear material constitutive model.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.34-39
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• 1989

Recent trends in design standards development have encouraged the use of probabilistic limit sate design concepts. Reliability analysis adopted in those advanced countries have the potentials that they afford for symplifying the design Process arid placing it on a consistent reliability based for various construction materials. This study is proposed in the reliability analysis of plane frame structures using second-order moment method(Level-II they). Lind-Hasofer's minimum distance method is use in the derivation of an mathematical algorithm as well as an determination of Correlation cofficients, reliability index and total reliability index depending on the multiple failure modes. In addition. This study is employed as a practical tool for the approximate reliability analysis. Results of the numerincal analysis showed that the difference between the reliability index of the failure probability of the multiple failure modes and the total reliability index of the failure probability with the simultaneous failure modes deviated nearly 3∼10% depending on tile performance functions.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.137-137
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• 2001

The reliability/redundancy of structural system has become a serious concern among engineers and researchers after structural failures in Northridge and Kobe earthquakes. The reliability/redundancy factor, ρ, in current codes considers only member force and floor area and has received much criticism from dissatisfied engineers. Within a reliability framework. the redundancy is investigated for dual systems of primary shear walls and secondary moment frames and steel moment frame systems. Probabilistic performance analyses are carried out baled on nonlinear responses under SAC ground motion. The effects of structural configuration, ductilily capacity, 3-D motion, and uncertainty of demand verses capacity are investigated. Important redundancy-contributing factors are identified and a uniform-risk redundancy factor is developed for design. The result are compared with the p factor and its inconsistency is pointed out.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.3 s.96
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• pp.25-29
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• 1999

The lead frame manufactured by press stamping process, is an important part of semiconductor. The recent technical trend of semiconductor, chip sized and high performance package technology, requires the lead frame to be of more multi-leads and of fine ILP (Inner Lead Pitch). As the ILP is getting finer, its corresponding punch of the stamping die is getting narrower. The punch narrower than its stamping limit has been broken due to local buckling. This paper analyzed the phenomena of punch breakdown. Moreover, the punch design was modified to increase the critical limit of buckling force. This paper, also, suggested new design rules of the punch, which asks the modification of its lead frame design that has to be considered in the stage of semiconductor package design. The new design rules of lead frame design yields a good reliability of semiconductor package as well as a good quality of lead frame.