• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.233-251
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• 2011

The seismic provisions of the current edition (2005) of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) differ significantly from the earlier edition. The current seismic provisions are based on the uniform hazard spectra corresponding to 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, as opposed to the seismic hazard level with 10% probablity of exeedance in 50 years used in the earlier edition. Moreover, the current code is presented in an objective-based format where the design is performed based on an acceptable solution. In the light of these changes, an assessment of the expected performance of the buildings designed according to the requirements of the current edition of NBCC would be very useful. In this paper, the seismic performance of a set of six, twelve, and eighteen story buildings of regular geometry and with concrete moment resisting frames, designed for Vancouver western Canada, has been evaluated. Although the effects of non-structural elements are not considered in the design, the non-structural elements connected to the lateral load resisting systems affect the seismic performance of a building. To simulate the non-structural elements, infill panels are included in some frame models. Spectrum compatible artificial ground motion records and scaled actual accelerograms have been used for evaluating the dynamic response. The performance has been evaluated for each building under various levels of seismic hazard with different probabilities of exceedance. From the study it has been observed that, although all the buildings achieved the life-safety performance as assumed in the design provisions of the building code, their performance characteristics are found to be non-uniform.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.717-724
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• 2016

This paper proposes a change detection method based on the covariance matrices of color and edge gradient in a color video. The YCbCr color format was used instead of RGB. The color covariance matrix was calculated from the CbCr-channels and the edge gradient covariance matrix was calculated from the Y-channels. The covariance matrices were effectively calculated at each pixel by calculating the sum, squared sum, and sum of two values' multiplication of a rectangle area using the integral images from a background image. The background image was updated by a running the average between the background image and a current frame. The change areas in a current frame image against the background were detected using the Mahalanobis distance, which is a measure of the statistical distance using covariance matrices. The experimental results of an expressway color video showed that the proposed approach can effectively detect change regions for color and edge gradients against the background.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

As the number of attacks on vehicles has increased, studies on CAN-based security technologies are actively being carried out. However, since the upper layer protocol of CAN differs for each vehicle manufacturer and model, there is a great difficulty in researches such as developing anomaly detection for CAN or finding vulnerabilities of ECUs. In this paper, we propose a method to infer the detailed structure of the data field of CAN frame by analyzing CAN trace to mitigate this problem. In the existing Internet environment, many researches for reverse engineering proprietary protocols have already been carried out. However, CAN bus has a structure difficult to apply the existing protocol reverse engineering technology as it is. In this paper, we propose new field classification methods with low computation-cost based on the characteristics of data in CAN frame and existing field classification method. The proposed methods are verified through implementation that analyze CAN traces generated by simulations of CAN communication and actual vehicles. They show higher accuracy of field classification with lower computational cost compared to the existing method.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2020

Telemetry system is a system that transmits status information data acquired from the aircraft to the ground station. PCM encoder needs memory to store channel information in order to generate a frame format using the acquired data. Generally, telemetry systems in large aircraft require much larger memory for the increased acquisition channel information due to the increased sensors and subsystems. However, they have difficulty to store all channel information in limited memory. In this paper, we suggests and implements an advanced PCM encoder that can efficiently manage memory by minimizing duplicated channel information. This novel PCM encoder allocates duplicated channel information to memory only once. And, sub commutation channels having different information for each minor frame are allocated to the memory by multiples of sub commutation channels. Finally, the suggested PCM encoder was proved by simulation that composed channels of various measurement cycles.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new metadata schema for effective mobile service of augmented reality technology, which is used in the convergence of media into a frame among the real world image and objects of virtual world. The proposed metadata schema is extended from JPSearch Core Metadata Schema (ISO/IEC 24800-2 International Standard) with analysis of the functionalities under industrial requirements, and enables to provide an effective application in the actual services. In addition, the proposed schema is available to organize the exchange of information between heterogeneous systems. With development of the prototype system, the proposed metadata schema is going to be submitted and verified under ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 WG1 JPEG AR standard project.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.735-745
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• 2016

The Paris agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) emphasizes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and increase in energy consumption in all areas. Thus, an important aspect is energy saving in buildings where the lighting is a major component of the electrical energy consumption. This paper proposes a building energy management system employing visible light communication (VLC) based on LED lighting. The proposed management system has key characteristics including personalization and localization by utilizing such VLC advantages as secure communication through light and location-information transmission. Considering the efficient implementation of an energy-consumption adjustment using LED luminaires, this paper adopts variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) as a VLC modulation scheme with simple controllability of the dimming level that is capable of providing a full dimming range. This paper analyzes the VPPM performances according to variable dimming for several schemes, and proposes a VPPM demodulation architecture based on dimming-factor acquisition, which can obtain an improved performance compared to a 2PPM-based scheme. In addition, the effect of a dimming-factor acquisition error is analyzed, and a frame format for minimizing this error effect is proposed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.64-66
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• 2006

DATS will connect with IMPS and LHGS to perform the reception of sensor data and the transmission of user's meteorological data, LRIT and HRIT. MODEM/BB will perform the de-commutation of received sensor data as MI and GOCI raw data according to VCID before sending them to MI and GOCI IMPS, respectively. Especially, MODEM/BB in SOC needs to be connected to six clients that consist of the primary and backup IMPS of MSC, KOSC and SOC. On the other hand, LRIT and HRIT delivered from LHGS are encoded as VITERBI and modulated by MODEM/BB. Considering sensor data transmitted from COMS, the assumed format and size of CADU are described in this paper. Finally, results related to the status of received LRIT and HRIT by frame synchronizer in user station are also described.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.982-987
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• 2007

The necessity of data compression scheme for volume data has been increased because of the increase of data capacity and the amount of network uses. Now we have various kinds of compression schemes, and we can choose one of them depending on the data types, application fields, the preferences, etc. However, the capacity of data which is produced by application scientists has been excessively increased, and the format of most scientific data is 3D volume. For 2D image or 3D moving pictures, many kinds of standards are established and widely used, but for 3D volume data, specially time-varying volume data, it is very difficult to find any applicable compression schemes. In this paper, we present a compression scheme for encoding time-varying volume data. This scheme is aimed to encoding time-varying volume data for visualization. This scheme uses MPEG's I- and P-frame concept for raising compression ratio. Also, it transforms volume data using Daubechies D4 filter before encoding, so that the image quality is better than other wavelet-based compression schemes. This encoding scheme encodes time-varying volume data composed of single precision floating-point data. In addition, this scheme provides the random reconstruction accessibility for an unit, and can be used for compressing large time-varying volume data using correlation between frames while preserving image qualities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

This study aims to examine the way in which magazines represent housings, since magazines are one of major channel to connect individual houses with the public including professionals and the mass as well. Not only the professional architectural magazine but also women's magazine produce discourses which exercise huge influences on the public's understanding of the housings. After examining the different ways of representing housings in the houses related articles of architectural magazine and women's magazine, serious discrepancies have been noticed in both form and content of the text. In representing housings, women's magazine uses headlines and standfirsts with various modifiers to enhance the chance of interventions of the magazine/journalists. Focusing of the interests upon residents and architects, women's magazines force the reader to look at the housings through the frame of social status and celebrity of the residents and architects marginalizing actual houses. On the other hand, architectural magazines adopt externalized and objective way of representation using minimum layout elements following relatively uniform editing format. The abstract, rigid and masculine way of representation in the architectural magazines endow the published housings with the masculine and normative senses which can be seen as some sorts of aura which obstruct easy access to the housings themselves.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2017

The advent of wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) technology has improved the intelligence of transportation systems and enabled generic traffic problems to be solved automatically. Based on the IEEE 802.11p standard for vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communications, WAVE provides wireless links with latencies less than 100 ms to vehicles operating at speeds up to 200 km/h. To date, most research has been based on field test results. In contrast, this paper presents a numerical analysis of the V2X broadcast throughput limit using a path loss model. First, the maximum throughput and minimum delay limit were obtained from the MAC frame format of IEEE 802.11p. Second, the packet error probability was derived for additive white Gaussian noise and fading channel conditions. Finally, the maximum throughput limit of the system was derived from the packet error rate using a two-ray path loss model for a typical highway topology. The throughput was analyzed for each data rate, which allowed the performance at the different data rates to be compared. The analysis method can be easily applied to different topologies by substituting an appropriate target path loss model.