• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2011

Purpose: Sensory impairment in infraorbital nerve is common symptom following mid-facial fractures. The purpose of this study is to document the incidence of sensory impairment in infraorbital nerve following midfacial fractures and its recovery. Methods: Three hundreds fourteen patients with midfacial fracture were included involving emergence areas of infraorbital nerve. Fractures were classified into zygoma fracture, maxilla fracture, complex comminuted fracture and pure blow out fracture. Neurosensory function was assessed with clinical symptoms and light touch test in infraorbital nerve regions. Patients were followed and sensory function was evaluated immediately, 1, 3 and 6 months after trauma. Results: The total series consisted of 198 zygoma fractures, 19 maxilla fractures, 30 complex comminuted fractures and 67 pure blow out fractures. The incidence of sensory impairment was 60% (63% in zygoma fractures, 84% in maxilla fractures, 93% in complex comminuted fractures, 31% in pure blow out fractures). Persistent sensory impairments were remained in 32% (33% in zygoma fractures, 47% in maxilla fractures, 73% in complex comminuted fractures, 6% in pure blow out fractures) 6 months after trauma. Younger patients had better prognosis than older patients in recovery of infraorbital nerve function ($p$ <0.05, $x^2$-test). Mean recovery time was 11 weeks. Conclusion: The incidence of post-traumatic sensory impairment was different according to fracture types. Age of patients and fracture type were important factors that influence to recovery of sensory impairment. Complex comminuted fracture had poor prognosis, and pure blow out fractures had better prognosis than other fractures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 1995

This study was based on a series of 369 patients with Oral and Maxillofacial injuries treated at Kumi Hospital, College of Medicine, Soon-Chun-Hyang University from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1994. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The number of male patient was 310 and that of female was 59, leading to 5.3 : 1 of male-female ratio, and the 3rd decade was the highest age group in incidence. 2. Weekly incidence was the highest in Sun. & Sat. and monthly incidence was the highest in Nov.& Oct. 3. Causes as follows : traffic accident 41.9%, slip& fall down 25.4%, human trouble 16.5%, industrial accident 7.5%, sports 6.7%, etc. 4. Site distribution as follows : mandible fracture 32.3%, maxilla fracture 4.8%, zygoma fracture 21.4%, nasal bone fracture 34.1%, orbital& ethmoidal fracture 4.6%. 5. The most common site of mandible was symphysis & angle, and the ratio of OR & CR was 1.3 : 1. 6. The most common site of maxilla was Le Fort 1, 2, and the ratio of OR & CR was 3 : 1. 7. The most common site of zygoma was body, the ratio of OR & CR was 3.3 : 1. 8 . The mean period of intermaxillary fixation was 4.33weeks. 9. Combined injury in facial fracture was 35.8% : The facial fracture were most frequently combind with head & neck(47.0%), upper extremities and abdomen(9.8%). 10. The mean elapsed time from injury to hospital was 1.9days, and that to operation was 5.1days. 11. The mean number of combined teeth injury was 0.6, and percent of combined soft tissue injury of face was 51.3%. 12. Post-operative complication occurred in 4 out of 323 cases. all of that was infection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.38.1-38.10
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the use of hand or rotary files by pre-graduation (fourth- and fifth-year) and postgraduate students in endodontic treatments and to determine the incidence of file fracture and the management of cases with broken instruments. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,168 teeth undergoing primary endodontic treatment were included in this study. It was determined that 79 of these teeth resulted in broken tools. In the case of broken tools, the education level of the treating clinician, the tooth that was being treated, the canal and fracture level, the curvature of the tooth and the management of the broken instrument were recorded. Periapical radiographs of the patients were used to calculate curvature following the Schneider method. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of broken tools according to education level (p > 0.05). The incidence of file fracture in molar teeth (73.4%) was higher than in other teeth (p < 0.05). More files were broken in the mandibular molar MB canal (20.25%) and in the apical third of the canals (72.1%). The risk of instrument fracture was high in teeth with moderate (44.3%) and severe (38%) curvature canals. The management of apically broken (80%) files mostly involved lefting (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference between fourth-year students, fifth-year students and postgraduate students in terms of instrument fracture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.447-457
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• 1995

The subjects of this study consisted of 75 patients with 83 condylar fractures, who were admitted to Chonbuk National University Hospital from Jan. 1988 to Oct. 1995. The purpose of this study was to compare the imagings of conventional radiograms with those of computed tomograms and to aid in the diagnosis of condylar fractures. Also the author evaluated the usefulness of 3-dimensional reconstructive imaging in condylar fractures. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The condylar fractures were observed mainly between 2nd and 4th decades, but there was no significant difference of incidence between decades. The incidence of condyalr fractures by fracture site was subcondyalr(44.6％), condylar head(36.1％), condylar neck(19.3％) in orders. 12 of 30 condylar head fractures were sagittal splitting fractures. 2. According to the relationship of condylar head to articular fossa, the incidence of condylar fractures was higher in Type II and Type m. And the incidence of subcondylar fractures was higher in Type I classified by Mclennan. But there was no significant difference of incidence between Types. 3. The more the fracture fragments were displaced, the easier the fracture patterns were detected in conventional radiograms. The computed tomograms were also useful in the diagnosis of sagittal splitting fractures which were displaced mesially. 4. The 3-dimensional reconstructive imaging were useful in the evaluation of the fracture patterns, but they were not useful when the size of fragment and the degree of displacement were small.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of curet fracture and its contributing factors. Material and Methods: Fifty-eight periodontal curets which were broken during periodontal treatment in Kangnung National University Dental Hospital for 1 year were used as study materials. The blade thickness of new curets and broken ones was measured using a digital micrometer. Types of treatment procedures, clinical experience of operators, point of breakage, and method of removal of broken fragments were recorded for each broken curet. Results: The incidence of curet fracture in root planing (16.4 curets per 1,000 procedures) was higher than those in flap surgery (7.5) or supragingival scaling (2.7). No curet was broken during supportive periodontal treatment. The incidence of fracture did not seem to be related with clinical experience of operators. The most frequent breakage point of the curets were upper 1/3 of blades. Fifty-six of 58 broken fragments were removed by non-surgical methods. Two broken tips which could not removed non-surgically were left in the pockets, and proved to be removed spontaneously 1 week later. Conclusion: Root planing showed higher incidence of curet fracture than any other type of periodontal treatment. Most of the fractured fragments were removed by non-surgical method. Further study is needed to develop methods of removal of the fragments which can not be removed non-surgically.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.289-297
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• 2014

Objectives: This community-based cohort study was performed to investigate the incidence of and factors related to self-reported fragility fractures among middle-aged and elderly women living in rural Korea. Methods: The osteoporosis cohort recruited 430 women 40 to 69 years old in 1999, and 396 of these women were followed over 11 years. In 1999, questionnaires from all participants assessed general characteristics, medical history, lifestyle, menstrual and reproductive characteristics, and bone mineral density. In 2010, self-reported fractures and the date, site, and cause of these fractures were recorded. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). Results: Seventy-six participants among 3949.7 person-years experienced fragility fractures during the 11-year follow-up. The incidence of fragility fractures was 1924.2 per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1491.6 to 2356.8). In the multivariate model, low body mass index (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.24), a parental history of osteoporosis (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.49), and postmenopausal status (HR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.05 to 11.67) were significantly related to fragility fracture. Conclusions: Fracture prevention programs are needed among postmenopausal, rural, Korean women with a low body mass index and parental history of osteoporosis Korea.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.110-121
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• 1996

It is well defined that osteoporosis is an age related disorder and associated with decreased bone mass. It is one of the most important disease lacing the aging population because of its association with fracture of the hip, vertebrae and distal radius. The disease provoke a significant economic burden and major public health problem of an elderly. The life-time risk of hip fracture in white women is approximately 15% which is equal to the combined risk of breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer. Despite its deleterious effect on women's health, knowledge of the epidemiology of osteoporosis in Korea is only beginning. 1970 in Korea has non as the crossover period between the chronic and an Infectious diseases. As the result, the infant mortality declined and an elderly population in Korea increased significantly in the past decade, The average life expectancy of women in Korea is now about 75 years. Thus, the majority of Korean women will spend approximately one-third of their life in the postmenopause state. Therefore, better understanding of bone metabolism and fracture incidence in Korean population is a great interest for the medical community as well as for public health. Currently, no population based epidemiologic data are available to support the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Korea. However, available data suggest that significant declining of bone mineral density (BMD [g/$cm^2$]) has been occurring in Korean women after menopause. In same population, peak BMD was observed around 33-39 years of age and continue to decline thereafter. An accelerated bone losses occur after the menopause and the average loss is approximately 13% within 15 years from the menopause. The incidence of fracture was highly correlated with an age and bone mineral density. The mean age of menopause in Korean women was 47 years and this age appears to getting younger when analyzed by the birth cohort. An earlier menopausal age and increase life expectancy place Korean women at increase risk for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Korean or Asian women are no longer protected from the risk of bone fracture. Therefore, an early prevention or intervention schemes are essential before the outbreak of osteoporosis and/or fracture occurs in Korean or Asian women.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between fracture pattern and the development of acute radiculopathy after osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture. Methods : This study included 59 patients who underwent bone cement augmentation for osteoporotic compression fracture below the L2 level, which can lead to radiculopathic radiating pain. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of radiculopathy (group A : back pain only; group B : back pain with newly developed radiating pain). We categorized compression fractures into three types by the position of the fracture line. The incidence of newly developed radiculopathy was examined retrospectively for each compression fracture type. Results : The overall incidence of newly developed leg pain (group B) was 25%, and the frequency increased with descending spinal levels (L2 : 0%, L3 : 22%, L4 : 43%, and L5 : 63%). The back pain-only group (group A) had mostly superior-type fractures. On the other hand, the back pain with radiculopathy group (group B) had mostly inferior-type fractures. Most patients in group B showed significant relief of leg pain as well as back pain after bone cement augmentation. Conclusion : The incidence of a newly developed, radiating pain after osteoporotic compression fractures increased gradually from the L3 to L5 levels. Most of these fractures were of the inferior type, and the bone cement augmentation procedures seemed to be sufficient for relief of both back and radiating pain.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2009

Purpose: Several authors reported about the post - traumatic nasal aesthetic complications. However, the study for functional or intra - nasal complications has been reported not enough. The aim of this study is to observe the incidence of intranasal synechia. Methods: We reviewed the data from 401 consecutive patients with nasal bone fracture from september 2006 to December 2007. We enforced evaluation with preoperative CT in all patients but postoperative CT within complicated patients. We classified the nasal bone fracture according to the anatomy and severity of fracture. Type I is nasal tip fracture(15%, n = 59), Type II is simple lateral without septal injury(38%, n = 152), Type III is simple lateral with septal injury(23%, n = 92), Type IV is closed comminuted(20%, n = 82), Type V is open comminuted or complicated(4%, n = 16). We studied 98 patients with nasal bone fracture who had postoperative symptoms or undergone postoperative endoscopic evaluation. And then we evaluated the postoperative endoscopic finding and nasal synechal formation after operation. Results: The incidence of intranasal synechiae was 15%(n = 62). According to the endoscopic findings, the incidence of intranasal synechiae was 10%(n = 6) in Type I, 8%(n = 12) in Type II, 16%(n = 15) in Type III, 24%(n = 20) in Type IV, and 56%(n = 9) in Type V. Additionally, the incidence of subjective nasal obstruction and olfactory dysfunction is 18%(n = 72) and 13%(n = 51). But the incidence of symptomatic synechiae of nasal obstruction and olfactory dysfunction is 92%(57/62) and 55%(34/62). Conclusion: We identified relatively high prevalence of nasal obstruction and olfactory dysfunction in nasal synechiae. Based on the results of this study, intranasal synechiae really caused airway obstruction(92%). Our data showed significant relationship between intranasal synechiae and severity of the fracture, because of increasing mucosal handling and destructive closed reductional procedures. First of all, education of delicate procedure regarding this subject should be empathized accordingly.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 1981

190 cases of the thoracic injuries experienced at the department of chest surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, for 5 years from Jan. 1976 till Dec 1980, were analysed. The results are as follows; 1. The incidence rate of male to female was 5.1:1. The common age groups were 3rd, 4th and 5th decades, and the most common age group in the penetrating injury was 3rd decade. 2. The most common mode of the nonpenetrating injuries was a traffic accident [63.0%], and the most commonly used tool in the penetrating injuries is a knife [66.7%]. 3. The most common nonpenetrating injury was rib fracture [73.9%], and the common fracture sites were 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th ribs [especially, 7th rib]. The incidence rate of flail chest was 15% of the cases of the rib fractures. 4. The common associated injuries of the nonpenetrating were long bone fracture [18.3%], brain contusion [15.9%], and clavicle fracture etc.. 5. The common method of surgical treatment were closed thoracostomy [46.7%], thoracentesis, and open thoracotomy [7.4%] etc.. 6. The overall mortality was 2.8%. [Nonpenetrating; 0.8%, Penetrating; 6.3%]