• 자원환경지질
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1986

The older granitic rocks of the study area are composed of mainly orthogneiss and foliated granite. These rocks shows mostly mortar or fiaser structure by strong mylonitization and thermal metamorphism during several orogenies. $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ incremental·release ages of these rocks have been determined for 6 hornblende. 7 muscovite and 4 biotite concentrates separated from rocks collected across the Ryeongnam massif. Most $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ age are discordant with Rb-Sr whole rock age of the same area. These ages range from 1998 to 172Ma. This discordant age is interpreted to indicate that samples were in contact with Daebo granite body that was characterized by large and variable $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ ratios. Such ratios most likely resulted from widespread diffusion of the argon liberated from older granitic rocks during several metamorphic overprint. The general trend of the chemical composition of these rocks suggest that most of them are some series of differentiated products by fractional crystallization.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.153-156
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• 2003

The MRS medium is widely used as an optimized medium for the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and also used for the growth of Leuconostoc spp. Leuconostoc mesenteroides shows quite different physicochemical properties compared to Lactobacilli spp. and it is one of the major strain of kimchi fermenting microorganisms with its usefulness in our traditional foods and availability in biotechnology in the future, specifically tailor-made medium is necessary for the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Sequential experimental designs (Plackett-Burman, fractional factorial, steepest ascent, central composite design and response surface methodology) were introduced to optimize and improve the Leuconostoc medium. Fifteen medium ingredients were investigated and fructose, sodium acetate and ammonium citrate were determined to give a critical and positive effect for cell-growth. The yield of biomass using the optimal medium was improved more than that of the MRS medium and the result of fed-batch culture showed the capability of the improvement in cell mass similar to the E.coli system.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2013

For purposes of substantiation of organizing measures on industrial processing of goat's and sheep's milk in Mongolia and the production of dairy products we have conducted the studied physico-chemical characteristics of the Mongolian goat's and sheep's milks especially to recognize amino acids, minerals and vitamins in the milk and compare with the Mongolian cow's milk. And also was studied fractional structure of goat's milk whey proteins.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2023

Through theoretical proof and algorithm design, this paper numerically demonstrates that the three sampling methods of DDS are equivalent in amplitude-frequency characteristics. Depending on theoretical analysis, the article obtains the conclusion that 2 points are optimal when sampling at 2, 3, and 4 points. Built on the data results, this paper obtains the fractional form of the amplitude and phase of the DDS sampled signal; in addition, this paper also obtains the design parameters of the DDS post-stage filter. It also gives a control method for the calculation error when addressing this issue.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2000

식물조직배양기술을 이용하석 인삼의 주요약리성분인 사포닌을 생산하고자, 식물생장조절물질로 유도된 인삼 root를 사용하여 사포닌 생산을 위한 최적액체배양조건을 RSM으로 조사하였다. 최적액체배양조건을 배지의 pH, sucrose 농도,nitrogen 농도, phosphate 농도의 3 level-4 factor의 fractional factorial design에 의하여 조사한 결과, 인삼 root의 사포닌 함량은 최저 0.174%에서 최고 0.303울까지 나타났다. 다중회귀분석으로 구한 model식을 가지고 등고분석과 3차원분석을 수행한 후 독립변수의 최저 또는 최고수준에서 종속변수가 최대치를 나타내지 않는 phosphate농도 변수에 대하여 model식을 편미분한 결과 인삼 roe떠 사포닌 함량이 최고치를 나타내는 액체배양조건은 pH 5.5, sucrose 5%, nitrogen 50 mg/L, phosphate 93 mg/L 예측되었다. 이렇게 결정된 조건값들을 model식에 대입하여 얻은 예상치는0.308%였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

석탄저장소, 텅스텐 광산의 광미, 고철 제련장내의 오염된 토양을 대상으로 중금속의 존재형태와 용출 가능성에 대하여 조사하였다. 석탄저장소와 광미, 제련장 지역 내 토양의 중금속 농도는 논과 비 오염지역의 산 토양보다는 높게 나타났으며, 대부분의 중금속의 존재형태는 reducible, organic과 residual fraction이 높게 나타났다. 오염되지 않은 토양의 중금속의 존재형태는 residual 형태가 주를 이루었다. 용출 가능성에 대한 평가는 오염되지 않은 토양보다는 오염된 토양에서 높게 나타났으며, pH 7.0 보다는 pH 4.0에서 시간이 증가함에 따라 용출량이 증가하였다. 오염 된 토양으로부터 중금속의 용출은 Cu, Zn, Pb 등이 용출시간이 25시간 또는 35시간에 유사 평형에 도달했다. 오염되지 않은 토양의 낮은 용출은 중금속의 존재형태 중 높은 residual fraction의 비율에 의해 기인된 것으로 사료된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.197-214
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• 1984

This studg is to clarify intrusion sequence and petrogenetic processes of the so-called schistose granites in the northeastheastern part of the Kwangju, Chonnam Province. The study area is composed of the Pre-cambrian and Unknown age metasediments, the Unknown age schistose granites and basic plutons, the Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and the Cretaceous Ogang-ri granite and dykes. The schistose granites of the study area is divided into three rock units based on relative intrusion age, mineralogical constituent and texture;SoonChang schistose granite, two mica granite and Sam-o-ri schistose granite. The schistose granites intruded into metasediments, are intruded by Ogang-ri granite and dikes, and overlain by the Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The schistose granites vary widely in composition (granite-granodiorite-tonalite) and content of porphyroblastic feldspar Caugen and rectangular shaped). The foliation of schistose granites shows similar trend to the Shinian direction. In especially, strong foliation reflects dynamic metamorphism by mortar texture and much content of well oriented biotite. These schistose granites are characterized by its gray feldspar porphyroblasts. This feldspar is considered to be formed by potassic metasomatism and assimilation of pelitic metasediments of unexposed highly metamorphosed rocks deeply buried under the level of the schistose granites emplacement. Variation of silica versus oxides of major elements shows that the schistose granites are similar to the trend of Daly's average basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite which shows the trend of the fractional crystallization of magma. AMF diagram shows that the schistose granite is corresponded to contaminated differentiation products such as Lower California batholith and Cascade lava. These evidence suggest that the schistose granite is a series of differentiation products formed by fractional crystallization that associated with srtongly contamination and potassic metasomatism.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.115-126
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• 1979

The Jecheon granite mass has turtle-shape exposure of about $190km^2$ at vicinity of Jecheon-eup, and is elongated in the direction of NEE-SWW. It discordantly intrudes the Bakdalryong metamorphic rocks and the great limestone series(Samtaesan and Hungwolri formation) which belong to the pre-Cambrian and Ordovician, respectively. The mass is composed of five facies of different grain size; texture and charecteristic minerals. The five facies are (1) coarse grained biotite granodiorite, (2) fine grained hornblende biotite granodiorite, (3) coarse grained pink feldspar granodiorite (4) leucogranite, and (5) porphyritic biotite granite. The mutual relationship between each facies is intrusion in (1)-(2) and (2)-(3), but unknown in (3)-(4) and (4)-(5). 22 modal analyses and and 10 chemical analyses on more than a hundred of representative samples taken from the mass are listed as tables. Triangular plot of modal and normative Q-Kf-Pl of this mass show a continuous differentiation products from certain common magma by change of chemical composition and anorthite contents in plagioclase. The metamorphic facies of contact aureole in surrounding rocks adjacent to the granite body are corresponded to hornblende hornfels facies with mineral assemblages of wollastonite-diopside-calcite in calcareous rocks, and of quartz-biotite-muscovite-cordierite in argillaceous rocks. Variation of silica versus oxides of major elements shows that the mass is similar to the trend of Daly's average basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite which shows the trend of the fractional crystallization of magma, and is equivalent to the calc-alkali rock series by Peacock. AMF diagram shows that Jecheon granite mass is equivalent to normal diffentiation products such as skaergaard intrusion. The above evidences suggest that the Jecohon granite mass is normal differentiation products formed by fractional crystallization under relatively slow cooling condition.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.669-688
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• 1999

The Yeongju granitoid batholith is a plutonic complex of huge area (1180km2) intruding the metamorphic rocks of the Yeongnam massif. The batholith, which is divided into fivelithofacies, consists of three separate plutons. The oldest Buseok pluton comprises four lithofacies: hornblende biotite tonalite, porphyrotoc biotite granodiorite, equigranular biotite grandiorite and biotite granite. The middle Chunyang pluton has been called as Chunyang granite that ranges in compostion from granodiorite to granite. The youngest Jangsu pluton is intrusions that has lithofacies of two mica granite. The contact between Buseok pluton and the rest two plutons shows obvious intrusive relations, but relation between the Chunyang and the Jangsu pluton is far away, so gives no indication of relative ages. Changes in nextures and micristructures, as well as in the mineral contents, take place between rock types og the plutons. only the Buseok pluton shows faliations of two type: magmatic foliation and regional mylonal foliation. K-Ar age deteminations fall into 171.7$\pm$3.2~162.3$\pm$3.1 Ma in the Buseok pluton, 153.9$\pm$2.9 Ma in the Chunyang pluton and 145.3$\pm$2.7 Ma in the jangsu Pluton. The batholith presents three separate intrusive phases which range in composition from tonalite to granite to granite. Each intrusive phase apperars to have been intruded in a pulse from an underlying, differentiating magma. The petrochemical data showthat three plutons are within the diagnostic range for continental arc orogenic tectonic setting, whereas Jangsu pluton approaches postorogenic setting. The data suggest that three plutons are calc-aclkalline series, and that temporal compositional variations change progerssively from tonalite through grandiorite to granite between the intrusive phases. so we consider that the magmas for all the phases were probably derived from a differentiation by fractional crystallization of a parental magma. The tonalite magma of the Buseok phase was tapped was tapped from a chamber deep in the crust, and then would have to rise at a rapid rate to its final level of emplacement. The tonalite magma in the chamber was gradually enolved through granodiorite magma into granite magma by fractional crystallization. The magmas of the younger phases were respectively tapped with temporal interval from a evolved magma of the chamber that rose into a shallower lever in the crust, and rose to their present level of emplacement.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

Pediococcus pentosaceus SA131 was isolated from jeotgal, is the bacteriocin producer against bovine mastitis pathogens, Streptococcus uberis E290, Enterococcus gallinarum E362, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. The medium composition for pediocin SA131 production by P. pentosaceus SA131 was optimized using response surface methodology. Component of medium was studied as carbon source (glucose, fructose, lactose, glycerol, sucrose, maltose, and mannitol), nitrogen source (beef extract, yeast extract, peptone, malt extract, and tryptone), mineral and surfactant ($MgSO_4$, $KH_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $MnSO_4$, NaCl, sodium acetate, and Tween 80). Through one factor-at-a-time experiment, glucose, fructose, yeast extract, malt extract, NaCl, $MgSO_4$, and Tween 80 were determined as the good ingredient. The effects of major factors for pediocin SA131 production were investigated by two-level fractional factorial designs (FFD). By a $2^4$ FFD, fructose, yeast extract, and $MnSO_4$ were found to be the important factors for the bacteriocin production. Subsequently, a $2^3$ central composite design (CCD) was adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium. The estimated optimum composition for the production of pediocin SA131 by P. pentosaceus SA131 was as follows; 0.13% fructose, 1% glucose, 1.8% yeast extract, 2.58% $MnSO_4$, 0.2% NaCl, and 0.2% Tween 80. The pediocin production under optimized medium was increased to 1,000 AU/mL, compared to the 400 AU/mL in MRS medium.