• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2001

The elastic modulus and fatigue properties of canine and human trabecular bone tissues (single trabecular) were experimentally determined on a microstructural level using four-point bending cyclic test, and they were compared based on microstructural characteristics and mineral density. The results showed that canine trabecular bone tissue had significantly lower modulus and lower fatigue strength than human tissue. The observed microstructural differences between the two tissues may be more responsible for the differences, although the lower mineral density in canine tissue might also have contributed to the lower modulus and fatigue strength.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.605-623
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• 2015

A coupled experimental and numerical study of shear fracture in the edge-notched beam specimens of quasi-brittle materials (concrete-like materials) are carried out using four point bending flexural tests. The crack initiation, propagation and breaking process of beam specimens are experimentally studied by producing the double inclined edge notches with different ligament angles in beams under four point bending. The effects of ligament angles on the shear fracturing path in the bridge areas of the double edge-notched beam specimens are studied. Moreover, the influence of the inclined edge notches on the shear-fracture behavior of double edge-notched beam specimens which represents a practical crack orientation is investigated. The same specimens are numerically simulated by an indirect boundary element method known as displacement discontinuity method. These numerical results are compared with the performed experimental results proving the accuracy and validity of the proposed study.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2019

In this study, thermal effects on the mechanical properties of cement mortars with some types of fibers is investigated. The replaced fibers were made of polypropylene (PP), aramid, glass and basalt. In other words, the main goal of this paper is to study the effects of different fibers on the mechanical properties of cement mortars after subjecting to normal and sub-elevated temperatures. The experimental tests used for investigating these effects were compressive, splitting tensile, and four-point bending tests at 20, 100 and $300^{\circ}C$, respectively. Moreover, the microstructures of the specimens in different temperatures were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the experimental results, the negative effects of sub-elevated temperatures on four-point bending tests were much more than the others. Moreover, using the fibers with higher melting points could not improve the qualities of the samples in sub-elevated temperatures.

• Composites Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2000

앞 동반논문의 이론에서 기술된 기재위에 입혀진 코팅크랙킹의 파괴역학 분석을 4점 굴곡시험을 이용하여 실증하였다. 파괴역학 접근에 의해서 코팅의 다중크랙킹을 예측하여 코팅층에서 새로운 크랙이 생길 때의 변위에너지 방출량(G)을 구하였다. 여러 건조시간과 건조온도의 변화에 따른 금속 및 고분자 기재위에 입혀진 코팅의 변위에 대한 코팅 크랙밀도의 실험데이타가 in-situ 코팅의 파괴인성 값을 구하기 위해 사용되었다. 건조온도가 올라가고 건조시간이 길어짐에 따라 $G_c$는 감소하였다. 본 논문은 코팅의 파괴인성 평가에 있어 4점 굴곡시험이 얼마나 유용한지를 보여주며 in-situ 코팅인성을 구하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with a study on cyclic bending load of bus folding door pillar including adhesive bonding and spot welding. Three specimen types were used such as spot welding, I-type adhesive bonding and M-type adhesive bonding in this study. The tensile-shear tests were carried out to evaluate the tensile-shear strength of these three specimen types. Also four-point bending tests were carried out to evaluate the static and dynamic bending load. From the results, using adhesive bonding has a better effect on the static and dynamic bending load than using spot welding. Therefore, manufacturing better structural products can be expected by applying hybrid welding using adhesive and spot welding to those.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2005

Effects of circumferentially local wall thinning on the fracture behavior of pipes were investigated by monotonic four-point bending. Local wall thinning was machined on the pipes in order to simulate erosion/corrosion metal loss. The configurations of the eroded area included an eroded ratio of d/t= 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8, and an eroded length of ${\ell}\;=10mm,$ 25mm, and 120mm. Fracture type could be classified into ovalization, local buckling, and crack initiation depending on the eroded length and eroded ratio. Three-dimensional elasto-plastic analyses were also carried out using the finite element method, which is able to accurately simulate fracture behaviors excepting failure due to cracking. It was possible to predict the crack initiation point by estimating true fracture ductility under multi-axial stress conditions at the center of the thinned area.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2008

During the hot rolling process, steels develop an oxide scale on their surface. This scale can affect the mechanical properties of the rolled steel and its surface aspect. The main problem comes from the mechanical integrity of the oxide scales which could delaminate or crack, leading eventually to later oxide incrustation within the steel. The objective of the present work is to qualify the mechanical integrity of the iron oxide scales during the hot rolling process. The laboratory experiments use a four point bending test to simulate the mechanical solicitation which takes place during the rolling sequence of the steel slabs. The oxide scales grow on a mild steel at $900^{\circ}C$ under wet or dry atmosphere and the oxidized steel is then mecahnically tested at $900^{\circ}C$ or $700^{\circ}C$. The high temperature four point bending tests are completed with microstructural observations and with the record of acoustic emission to follow in-situ the mechanical damages of the oxide scales. The results show the role of water vapor which promotes the scale adherence, and the role of the temperature as the oxide are more damaged at $700^{\circ}C$ than at $900^{\circ}C$.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

Fracture behaviors of pipes with local wall thinning is very important for the integrity of nuclear power plant. In pipes of energy plants, sometimes, the local wall thinning may result from severe drosion-corrosion damage. However, effect of local wall thinning on strength and fracture behaviors of piping system were not well studied. In this paper, the monotonic bending tests were performed of full-scale carbon steel pipes with local wall thinning. A monotonic bending load was applied to straight pipe specimens by four-point loading at ambient temperature without internal pressure. From the tests, fracture behaviors and fracture strength of locally thinned pipe were manifested systematically. The observed failure modes were divided into four types; ovalization, ovalization+cracking, local buckling and local buckling+cracking. Also, maximum load was successfully evaluated.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.90-95
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• 2003

Fracture behaviors of pipes with local wall thinning are very important for the integrity of nuclear power plant. In pipes of energy plants, sometimes, the local wall thinning may result from severe erosion-corrosion (E/C) damage. However, the effects of local wall thinning on strength and fracture behaviors of piping system were not well studied. In this paper, the monotonic bending tests were performed of full-scale welded and unwelded carbon steel pipes with local wall thinning. A monotonic bending load was applied to straight pipe specimens by four-point loading at ambient temperature without internal pressure. The observed failure modes were divided into four types; ovalization, crack initiation/growth after ovalization, local buckling and crack initiation/growth after local buckling. Also, the strengths of welded and unwelded piping system with local wall thinning were evaluated.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2013

본 연구는 자동차 파쇄 잔재물의 활용성을 알아보고자 폐차과정에서 발생되는 폐나일론 섬유를 아스팔트 콘크리트에 첨가하여 일반 아스팔트 콘크리트와의 피로수명 비교, 경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 4점 휨 피로 시험을 수행한 결과 일반 아스팔트 대비 피로수명이 10% 향상되었으며, 이를 통해 경제성 분석을 실시하여 35년간 약 5.4억 원의 유지보수비용에 대한 비용 절감을 가져 오는 것으로 확인 되었다. 폐나일론 섬유 보강 아스팔트는 비용절감 효과와 더불어 폐자재의 환경처리비용 이점과 활용성 측면에서의 친환경적 공법으로 생애주기비용분석에서보다 더 큰 경제적, 사회적 효과가 발생 할 것으로 판단된다.