• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.204-208
• /
• 2013

The ant fauna in Mt. Gariwangsan was composed of 39 species 24 genera 5 subfamilies. The collected ants in Mt. Gariwangsan were Subfamily Myrmicinae(16 species 11 genera), Subfamily Formicinae(15 species 5 genera), Subfamily Ponerinae(6 species 4 genera), Subfamily Amblyoponinae(1 species 1 genera), and Subfamily Dolichoderrinae(1 species 1 genera). Ant fauna by vegetation in Mt. Gariwangsan, 36 species 23 genera were collected in broadleaf tree areas in which Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Tilia amurensis, and Cornus controversa were dominant species. Paratrechina flavipes and Myrmica kotokui were dominant species. 13 species 12 genera were collected only in broadleaf tree areas. In the coniferous tree areas where Pinus densiflora, Pinus korainensis, and Larix kaempferi were dominant, 24 species 15 genera of ants in total were collected. Pachycondyla chinensis and Paratrechina flavipes were dominant species. 4 species 3 genera were collected only in the coniferous tree areas. Paratrechina flavipes was dominant even in the areas in which Camponotus japonicas and Formica japonica had been assumed to be dominant. Specifically, the higher the land was, the rarer Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae were observed. The common species observed in both areas were 20 species 13 genera. Of these ants, Paratrechina flavipes(Subfamily Formicinae) and Myrmica kotokui(Subfamily Myrmicinae) were distinctive ants. With regard to the current state of colony of these species, Paratrechina flavipes was dominant in lowland areas. Myrmica kotokui, on the other hand, was dominant in highland areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.101 no.3
• /
• pp.488-500
• /
• 2012

The present study was carried out to evaluate arthropod predators (Araneae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, and Formicidae) as bioindicator for forest disturbance. We selected 12 study sites according to disturbance intensities caused by fire intensity and recovery methods at Goseong, Gangneung, and Samcheok in Gangwondo. Intensities of disturbance were characterized as follows: 0 (no fire), 1 (surface fire), 2 (crown fire), and 3 (crown fire followed by reforestation). Arthropod predators were captured using pitfall trap. Species richness and abundance of Araneae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, and Formicidae were not different along disturbance intensities. However, species richness and abundance of grassland ants significantly increased in higher disturbance intensities. Abundance of grassland ants such as Formica japonica and Camponotus japonicas linearly decreased along litter depth. Furthermore, ant communities were clustered along disturbance intensities. In a one-time survey, ants may be most useful as bioindicator for forest disturbance among the four predator taxa, because ants actively forage for long seasons.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.411-417
• /
• 2009

This research is intended to discover physiological and biochemical defense mechanisms against herbivores of 8 species of the genus Acerby examining the morphological characteristics of the leaf, the structure and number of leaf domatia, herbivores insects and mites feeding on leaves, which were collected from the trees growing in Mt. Chiak, Mt. Cheongtae, Mt. Jungwang, Mt. Bangtae, Mt. Taebaek and Wonju City. This research was conducted from May through July, 2009, and the results are as follows. The domatia of A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and A. mandshuricum belongs to tuft type; that of A. palmatum, A. triflorum and A. tschonoskii pocket+tuft type; and that of A. tegmentosum pocket type. The number of domatia per leaf turned out to be the highest in the case of A. tegmentosum(20.2), and the lowest in the case of A. ginnala (4.2). Leaf surface trichomes of A. palmatum, A. pseudosiebotdianum, A. ginnala and A. mandshuricum are covered with villi; those of A. pictum subsp. mono and A. triflorum with soft, pilose type of hair, and those of A. tschonoskii with stiff, strigose hair. The trichome density of lower leaf surface is found to be higher than that of the upper leaf surface. Only in the case of A. palmatum, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. tegmentosum and A. tschonoskii, a small amount of nectar is found to be secreted from the distal vein parts of the leaf margin. The number of mites on each leaf are found to be significantly different among tree species, and average mites number per leaf was the highest in the case of A. tschonoskii (9.2/leaf), and A. mandshuricum, A. pseudosieboldianum, and A. triflorum follow it in decreasing order. Minute insects attacking the leaf of Acer spp. include Periphyllus californiensis, P. viridis, Psylla spp, and gall mites, and the number of these insects are found in Periphyllus californiensis, Psylla spp, P. viridis, and Cicadellidae sp. in decreasing order. The natural enemies of these herbivores insects are predatory mites, such as Chilocorus rubidus, Coccinella septempunctata and the nymph, Aphidius ervi, Poecilocoris lewisi and its larva, and Poecilocoris lewisi. Lasius japonicus and Formica japonica are symbiotic with aphids, and supports herbivores. Finally, our research confirmed that predatory mites attack Periphyllus californiensis and suck the body fluid of their victim. This proves that mites form a symbiotic relationship with plants through the mediation of leaf domatia. This also indicates that a protective mutualism may be more conspicuous in temperate broad-leaved trees.