• 임산에너지
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• 24권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2005

삼지구엽초의 각 부분(잎, 줄기, 뿌리)을 MeOH로 추출한 후 농축하고 핵산, 클로로포름, 부탄올, 에틸아세테이트 및 수용성으로 분획하여 동결건조하였다. 각 추출물은 메탄을 수용액 및 에탄올-핵산 혼합액을 사용하여 Sephadex LH-20 칼럼크로마토그래피로 화합물을 분리 한 후 TBA 및 6% 초산에 전개하는 셀룰로오스 박층 크로마토그래피로 단리물질을 확인하였다. 단리물질의 화학적 구조는 $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$ 및 질량 분석으로 결정하였으며 단일화합물로 정제된 물질은 caffeic acid를 비롯하여 flavonoid와 그 배당체 화합물인 icariin, caffeic acid, hyperoside, Ikarisoside A, (+)-catechin이었다. 또한, 각 부분의 클로로포름 분획을 GC/MS (Libraries search)를 이용하여 정성분석을 실시하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2019

The cracking and spalling caused by fracture of concrete lining have adverse impacts on serviceability and durability of the tunnel, and the subsequent maintenance work for damaged structure needs to be specific to the damaging causes. In this paper, a particular case study of an operational tunnel structure is presented for the serious cracking and spalling behaviours of concrete lining, focusing on the multi-factors inducing lining failure. An integrated field investigation is implemented to characterize the spatial distribution of damages and detailed site situations. According to results of nondestructive inspection, insufficient lining thickness and cavity behind lining are the coupled-inducement of lining failure bahaviors. To further understanding of the lining structure performance influenced by these multiple construction deficiencies, a reliable numerical simulation based on extended finite element method (XFEM) is performed by using the finite element software. The numerical model with 112 m longitudinal calculation, 100 m vertical calculation and 43 m vertical depth, and the concrete lining with 1450 solid elements are set enrichment shape function for the aim of simulating cracking behavior. The numerical simulation responses are essentially in accordance with the actual lining damaging forms, especially including a complete evolutionary process of lining spalling. This work demonstrates that the serious lining damaging behaviors are directly caused by a combination of insufficient thickness lining and cavity around the surrounding rocks. Ultimately, specific maintenance work is design based on the construction deficiencies, and that is confirmed as an efficient, time-saving and safe maintenance method in the operational railway tunnel.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

Alternative sources of energy take a higher interest in order to reduce the greenhouse gas under the Climate Change Convention, fossil fuel consumption, and lower social anxiety about nuclear power such as crisis involving the Fukushima plant, problem of obsolete equipment. The energy consumption of agriculture, forestry and fisheries in South Korea is 3,082,000toe by 2011, reliance on electrical energy(35%) and oil(57.2%) is very high with 92.2%. In this study, we examined reserves and available capacity of temperature difference energy for thermal discharge from plant, treated sewage, river water, dam, and agricultural reservoir in rural community. Reserves of unutilized energy are 455,735Tcal/yr in rural community, these accounts for 78% of total reserves 582,385Tcal/y. Thermal discharge from plant has the most reserves of unutilized energy in rural community, it is estimated that it has the reserves of 277,410Tcal/y. Available capacity of unutilized energy in rural community is total 134,147Tcal/y, thermal discharge from plant available for heating is the most 128,035Tcal/y, and it shows in the order of treated sewage 4,318Tcal/y, river water 1,653Tcal/y, and reservoir 141Tcal/y. Elevating temperature area of green house by 2012 is 21,208ha. The amount of energy required for heating the greenhouse a year is dbout 11,365Tcal/y with 8.5% of the total available capacity of unutilized energy.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권2호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

본 논문은 수목장지 공급이 님비현상으로 정체되고 있는 상황을 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제언하기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해 님비현상의 해결에 성공한 국내외 수목장지 조성사례에 대해 현지 방문 조사와 인터뷰를 진행하고, 사례지에서 수목장지가 장사시설의 이미지로 받아들여짐에 따라 발생하는 지역주민의 피해를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있었던 요인을 분석하였다. 조사결과, 국내 사례에서는 경제적 보상 제공, 공동묘지 내 조성, 사찰림을 활용한 조성을 통해 님비현상을 해결한 유형이 도출되었다. 해외 사례에서는 수목장지가 장사시설이 아닌 명소의 이미지를 갖도록 한 유형과 경제적 유인을 통해 지역주민의 자발적인 조성 참여를 유도한 유형을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 공동묘지의 재개발, 수목장지의 명소화, 공모방식을 통한 지역주민의 PIMFY 유도를 수목장지에 대한 님비현상의 해결방안으로 제언하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

Even though two-hands lifting/lowering activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting/lowering are also very common at the industrial site, forestry, farming, and daily life. The objective of this study was to compare one-hand lowering activity to lifting activity in terms of biomechanical stress for the range of lowering heights from knuckle height to 10cm above floor level with two workload 7.5kg and 15.0kg. Eight male subjects with LMM were asked to perform lifting/lowering tasks using both a one-handed (left-hand and right-hand) as well as a two-handed technique. Spinal loading was estimated through an EMG-assisted free-dynamic biomechanical model. The biomechanical stress of one-hand lowering activity was shown to be 43% lower than that of one-hand lifting activity. It was claimed that the biomechanical stress for one-hand lifting/lowering activity is almost twice (194%) of the one for two-hands lifting/lowering activity. It was also found that biomechanical stress by one-hand lowering/lifting activity with the half workload of two-hands lowering/lifting activity was greater than that of the two-hands lowering/lifting activity. Therefore, it might be a risk to consider the RWL of one-hand lowering/lifting activity to simply be a half of the RWL of two-hands lowering/lifting activity recommended by NIOSH.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2018

A new type of earthquake-resisting element that consists of a steel plate shear wall with slits is introduced. The infill steel plate is divided into a series of vertical flexural links with vertical links. The steel plate shear walls absorb energy by means of in-plane bending deformation of the flexural links and the energy dissipation capacity of the plastic hinges formed at both ends of the flexural links when under lateral loads. In this paper, finite element analysis and experimental studies at low cyclic loadings were conducted on specimens with steel plate shear walls with multilayer slits. The effects caused by varied slit pattern in terms of slit design parameters on lateral stiffness, ultimate bearing capacity and hysteretic behavior of the shear walls were analyzed. Results showed that the failure mode of steel plate shear walls with a single-layer slit was more likely to be out-of-plane buckling of the flexural links. As a result, the lateral stiffness and the ultimate bearing capacity were relatively lower when the precondition of the total height of the vertical slits remained the same. Differently, the failure mode of steel plate shear walls with multilayer slits was prone to global buckling of the infill steel plates; more obvious tensile fields provided evidence to the fact of higher lateral stiffness and excellent ultimate bearing capacity. It was also concluded that multilayer specimens exhibited better energy dissipation capacity compared with single-layer plate shear walls.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2021

Constraints on the structure and composition of the active layer are important for understanding permafrost evolution. Soil convection owing to repeated moisture-induced freeze-thaw cycles within the active layer promotes the formation of self-organized patterned ground. Here we present the results of ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys across a selected sorted circle near King Sejong Station, Antarctica, to better delineate the active layer and its relation to the observed patterned ground structure. We acquire GPR data in both bistatic mode (common mid-points) for precise velocity constraints and monostatic mode (common-offset) for subsurface imaging. Reflections are derived from the active layer-permafrost boundary, organic layer-weathered soil boundary within the active layer, and frozen rock-fracture-filled ice boundary within the permafrost. The base of the imaged sorted circle possesses a convex-down shape in the central silty zone, which is typical for the pattern associated with convection-like soil motion within the active layer. The boundary between the central fine-silty domain and coarse-grained stone border is effectively identified in a radar amplitude contour at the assumed active layer depth, and is further examined in the frequency spectra of the near- and far-offset traces. The far-offset traces and the traces from the lower frequency components dominant on the far-offset traces would be associated with rapid absorption of higher frequency radiowave due to the voids in gravel-rich zone. The presented correlation strategies for analyzing very shallow, thin-layered GPR reflection data can potentially be applied to the various types of patterned ground, particularly for acquiring time-lapse imaging, when electric resistivity tomography is incorporated into the analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권6호
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• pp.715-728
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• 2022

A new type of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) with a longitudinally profiled steel plate working as the core (LPBRB) is proposed and experimentally investigated. Different from conventional BRBs with a constant thickness core, both stiffness and strength of the longitudinally profiled steel core along its longitudinal direction can change through itself variable thickness, thus the construction of LPBRB saves material and reduces the processing cost. Four full-scale component tests were conducted under quasi-static cyclic loading to evaluate the seismic performance of LPBRB. Three stiffening methods were used to improve the fatigue performance of LPBRBs, which were bolt-assembled T-shaped stiffening ribs, partly-welded stiffening ribs and stiffening segment without rib. The experimental results showed LPBRB specimens displayed stable hysteretic behavior and satisfactory seismic property. There was no instability or rupture until the axial ductility ratio achieved 11.0. Failure modes included the out-of-plane buckling of the stiffening part outside the restraining member and core plate fatigue fracture around the longitudinally profiled segment. The effect of the stiffening methods on the fatigue performance is discussed. The critical buckling load of longitudinally profiled segment is derived using Euler theory. The local bulging behavior of the outer steel tube is analyzed with an equivalent beam model. The design recommendations for LPBRB are presented finally.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_3호
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• pp.891-907
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• 2023

Compact Advanced Satellite 500-4 (CAS500-4) is scheduled to be launched to collect high spatial resolution data focusing on vegetation applications. To achieve this goal, accurate surface reflectance retrieval through atmospheric correction is crucial. Therefore, a machine learning-based atmospheric correction algorithm was developed to simulate atmospheric correction from a radiative transfer model using Sentinel-2 data that have similarspectral characteristics as CAS500-4. The algorithm was then evaluated mainly for forest areas. Utilizing the atmospheric correction parameters extracted from Sentinel-2 and GEOKOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A), the atmospheric correction algorithm was developed based on Random Forest and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM). Between the two machine learning techniques, LGBM performed better when considering both accuracy and efficiency. Except for one station, the results had a correlation coefficient of more than 0.91 and well-reflected temporal variations of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (i.e., vegetation phenology). GK-2A provides Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and water vapor, which are essential parameters for atmospheric correction, but additional processing should be required in the future to mitigate the problem caused by their many missing values. This study provided the basis for the atmospheric correction of CAS500-4 by developing a machine learning-based atmospheric correction simulation algorithm.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권1호
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• pp.90-104
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• 2001

이 연구는 지난 3년간 북경임업대학교와 공동연구과제로 중국의 사막화방지 및 방사기술개발을 위한 연구의 일환으로 사막화현황 및 녹화기술수준조사 및 평가를 위하여 수행되었으며, 특히 본고에서는 중국의 황막사지에 대한 녹화기술을 분석하고자 하였다. 사막화지역 식생분포의 일반적인 특징은 부분적으로 집중된 식생분포, 즉 사막의 저지대 또는 분지의 낮은 곳의 사구에 있는 사막식물, 염수호 주변의 내염성식물, 담수 염수호와 하천연안의 포플러 및 위성류의 군생, 사력퇴적지(고비)의 사퇴식생, 하천선상지의 초생지 및 오아시스(녹주(綠洲))숲 등이다. 일반적으로 사막화지역에는 중국식물명(中國植物名)으로 정류(檉柳)(홍류(紅柳))(Tamarix chinensis Lour.), 사사(梭梭)(Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge.), 사괴조(沙拐棗)(Calligonum Spp.), 호루(胡楊)(Populus euphratica Oliver.), 사조(沙棗)(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), 유(楡)백유(白楡)(Ulmus pumila L.), 류류(柳類)(Salix spp.), 암황시(岩黃蓍)(Hedysarum spp.), 금계아(錦鷄兒)(Caragana spp.), 문관과(文冠果)(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.), 백자(白刺)(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.), 호기자(胡技子)(Lespedeza bicolor), 낙타자(駱駝刺)(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.), 자산감(刺山柑)(Capparis spinosa L.), 사호(沙蒿)(Artemisia arenaria DC.) 등이 널리 분포하며, 이와 같은 사막화지역 자생식물에 관한 연구가 더욱 필요한 상황에 있다. 풍식지역에서는 합리적인 경작체계(지역계획, 방풍림체계 및 오아시스보호체계, 관개수로네트워크설치, 광대한 농지관리기술 등), 식물자원의 합리적 이용기술(연료림, 약용식물, 방목, 초지관리 등), 수자원이용(유역계획 및 관리, 수로건설, 절수관개기법 등), 방풍림조성, 인구증가의 조절, 농용림 연료목 사료증산기술 등에 관해서, 그리고 수식지역에서는 합리적인 토지이용기술, 식생이용기술, 공학적기술, 농작물보호기술 개발 등에 관한 시험연구사업이 중점적으로 추진되고 있다. 또한, 사막화지역에서의 염성토양 알카리토양개량을 위한 수리적(관개, 배수, 세탈, 수도재배 등), 농업적(토지정리, 경작, 시비, 파종, 윤작, 혼작, 객토 등), 생물적(내염성 작물 및 녹비의 재배, 조림 등) 방법 등에 관한 시험연구도 활발하게 추진되고 있으며, 이와 같은 사막화지역의 녹화사업에 국제적인 협력을 절실하게 요망하고 있다.