• Title/Summary/Keyword: Forest-fire

Search Result 850, Processing Time 0.029 seconds

Time series Multilayered Random Forest Without Backpropagation and Application of Forest Fire Early Detection (역전파가 필요없는 시계열 다층 랜덤 포레스트와 산불 조기 감지의 응용)

  • Kim, Sangwon;Sanchez, Gustavo Adrian Ruiz;Ko, Byoung Chul
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2020.07a
    • /
    • pp.660-661
    • /
    • 2020
  • 본 논문에서는 기존 인공 신경망 기반 시계열 학습 기법인 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)의 많은 연산량 및 고 사양 시스템 요구를 개선하기 위해 랜덤 포레스트 (Random Forest)기반의 새로운 시계열 학습 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 RNN 기반 방법들은 복잡한 연산을 통해 높은 성능을 달성하는 데 집중하고 있다. 이러한 방법들은 학습에 많은 파라미터가 필요할 뿐만 아니라 대규모의 연산을 요구하므로 실시간 시스템에 적용하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는, 효율적이면서 빠르게 동작할 수 있는 시계열 다층 랜덤 포레스트(Time series Multilayered Random Forest)를 제안하고 산불 조기 탐지에 적용해 기존 RNN 계열의 방법들과 성능을 비교하였다. 다양한 산불화재 실험데이터에 알고리즘을 적용해본 결과 GPU 상에서 방대한 연산을 수행하는 RNN 기반 방법들과 비교해 성능적인 한계가 존재했지만 CPU 에서도 빠르게 동작 가능하므로 성능의 개선을 통해 다양한 임베디드 시스템에 적용 가능하다.

  • PDF

A Study on the Combustion Characteristics of the Crown of Pine Trees in the Drying Season (건조기 소나무 수관부 부위별 연소특성에 관한 연구)

  • Hyuk Kwon;Jong Ho Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
    • /
    • v.38 no.4
    • /
    • pp.39-46
    • /
    • 2023
  • Pine trees, which account for 23% of the forested area of the Republic of Korea, are highly vulnerable to fire in comparison to broad-leaved trees due to the presence of consistent water tube sections throughout the year and resin that is composed of approximately 20% oil. In addition, the pattern of forest fires is determined by weather, topographic conditions, and fluctuation in moisture content. Therefore, when fire breaks out in pine tree forests during the dry season (January to March), it is difficult to extinguish, and it quickly spreads. In this study, the combustion characteristics of pine needles, pine cones, and pine branches in the water tube sections of living pine trees were compared and analyzed in accordance with the moisture content as per the ISO 5660-1. The monthly moisture content was analyzed from January to March, and it was found to be the lowest in March, with 53.6% for pine needles, 51.9% for pine branches, and 10.9% for pine cones. In particular, pine cones were more vulnerable to fire as compared to pine needles and pine branches because their moisture content was more than five times lower than that of pine needles and branches. The ignition time, which affects the speed of flame propagation, was the most rapid in March, and the fastest ignition time was for pine cones, at 19 seconds, followed by 34 seconds for pine needles, and 256 seconds for pine branches. The pine branches were the last to be ignited due to the effect of density, according to the thickness and specific gravity of the specimen. The peak heat release rate, which is a measurable index of fire intensity, was analyzed for pine cones and found to be 184.28 kW/m2 , while the mean effective heat of combustion was 19.79 MJ/kg, and the total heat release rate was 39.7 MJ/m2 , and these values were higher than those of pine branches and pine needles. Thus, we determined that the flame propagation speed and fire intensity according to the moisture content can be used to evaluate the risk of fire to the water tube section of pine trees. It is suggested that because of the combustion characteristics of the pine cone in March, that is when the forest is most vulnerable to fires.

Factors Affecting Disaster Victims' Quality of Life: The Uljin and Samcheok Forest Fires (산불피해자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인: 울진⋅삼척 산불을 중심으로)

  • Hee-Ji Kang;Dong-Hoon Kim;Jae-Ok Ha;Chang-Hyou Kim;Sang-Yoel Han
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.112 no.1
    • /
    • pp.105-116
    • /
    • 2023
  • As forest fires' scale has increased, they have become disasters that destroy not only forests but also property, human psychological balance, and even human lives. As a result, governmental support has become a crucial part of the forest fire restoration process. Quickly restoring victims' quality of life (QOL) from not only an ecological perspective but also from their human perspective has become an important goal. Therefore, through structural equation modeling, this study analyzed effects of government support, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and resilience on 195 Uljin and Samcheok forest fire victims' QOL. In the final research model, the total standardized effect on QOL of government support to PTSD and resilience was found to have significant effect (0.417). By path, the effect of government support on QOL through resilience was verified as 0.172. Examination of the path between latent variables revealed that resilience had the greatest influence on QOL, and government support had a significant effect, thus confirming that they were the main factors affecting QOL.

Application of Deep Learning: A Review for Firefighting

  • Shaikh, Muhammad Khalid
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
    • /
    • v.22 no.5
    • /
    • pp.73-78
    • /
    • 2022
  • The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of Deep Learning in the literature on Fire & Rescue Service. It is found that deep learning techniques are only beginning to benefit the firefighters. The popular areas where deep learning techniques are making an impact are situational awareness, decision making, mental stress, injuries, well-being of the firefighter such as his sudden fall, inability to move and breathlessness, path planning by the firefighters while getting to an fire scene, wayfinding, tracking firefighters, firefighter physical fitness, employment, prediction of firefighter intervention, firefighter operations such as object recognition in smoky areas, firefighter efficacy, smart firefighting using edge computing, firefighting in teams, and firefighter clothing and safety. The techniques that were found applied in firefighting were Deep learning, Traditional K-Means clustering with engineered time and frequency domain features, Convolutional autoencoders, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Deep Neural Networks, Simulation, VR, ANN, Deep Q Learning, Deep learning based on conditional generative adversarial networks, Decision Trees, Kalman Filters, Computational models, Partial Least Squares, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Edge computing, C5 Decision Tree, Restricted Boltzmann Machine, Reinforcement Learning, and Recurrent LSTM. The literature review is centered on Firefighters/firemen not involved in wildland fires. The focus was also not on the fire itself. It must also be noted that several deep learning techniques such as CNN were mostly used in fire behavior, fire imaging and identification as well. Those papers that deal with fire behavior were also not part of this literature review.

Satellite-based Forest Withering Index for Detection of Fire Burn Area: Its Development and Application to 2019 Kangwon Wildfires (산불피해지 탐지를 위한 위성기반 산림고사지수 개발 및 2019년 4월 강원 산불 사례에의 적용)

  • Park, Seong-Wook;Lee, Soo-Jin;Chung, Chu-Yong;Chung, Sung-Rae;Shin, Inchul;Jung, Won-Chan;Mo, Hee-Sook;Kim, Sang-Il;Lee, Yang-Won
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
    • /
    • v.35 no.2
    • /
    • pp.343-346
    • /
    • 2019
  • This letter describes a development of satellite-based forest withering index for detection of fire burn area and its application to the Goseong-Sokcho and Gangneung-Donghae wildfires in April 4, 2019. Withered forest has very different spectral characteristics from healthy forest. In particular, a false color composite of R-NIR-G represents such difference very clearly. Using Sentinel-2 images with the forest withering index, we derived the area burned by the wildfires: approximately 701.16 ha for Goseong-Sokcho and approximately 710.60 ha for Gangneung-Donghae, although official record will be announced by the Korean government later.

Forest Burned Area Detection Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2 A/B Imagery with Various Indices: A Case Study of Uljin (Landsat 8/9 및 Sentinel-2 A/B를 이용한 울진 산불 피해 탐지: 다양한 지수를 기반으로 다시기 분석)

  • Kim, Byeongcheol;Lee, Kyungil;Park, Seonyoung;Im, Jungho
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
    • /
    • v.38 no.5_2
    • /
    • pp.765-779
    • /
    • 2022
  • This study evaluates the accuracy in identifying the burned area in South Korea using multi-temporal data from Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat 8/9 OLI. Spectral indices such as the Difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), Relative Difference Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR), and Burned Area Index (BAI) were used to identify the burned area in the March 2022 forest fire in Uljin. Based on the results of six indices, the accuracy to detect the burned area was assessed for four satellites using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9, respectively. Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 produce images every 16 and 10 days, respectively, although it is difficult to acquire clear images due to clouds. Furthermore, using images taken before and after a forest fire to examine the burned area results in a rapid shift because vegetation growth in South Korea began in April, making it difficult to detect. Because Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 images from February to May are based on the same date, this study is able to compare the indices with a relatively high detection accuracy and gets over the temporal resolution limitation. The results of this study are expected to be applied in the development of new indices to detect burned areas and indices that are optimized to detect South Korean forest fires.

Fire-Induced Forest Disturbance Mapping by Using QuickBird Imagery (QuickBird 화상을 이용한 산불 삼림교란도 작성)

  • Kim, Choen
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.85-94
    • /
    • 2009
  • This paper presents the capability to use QuickBird imagery for effects of forest disturbance in Okgye burned area. Particular attention of this paper deals with the NBR-derived mapping burn severity on QuickBird imagery to locate reliable rehabilitation(namely, secondary succession) over postfire surface. Comparisons of the mapping forest disturbance derived from QuickBird NBR data and the mapping burn severity derived from Landsat ${\Delta}NBR$ data show substantial agreement (KHAT value =0.7886). The method calculated from the correlation between QuickBird wetness and Landsat ETM+ band7 may have application to forest harvest disturbance.

A Study on fire investigation & calorie analysis of main trees in Go-sung wildfire land (고성산불지역에서의 화재조사와 주요수목의 열량분석에 관한 연구)

  • 김동현;고재선;최세환;김광일
    • Fire Science and Engineering
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.31-36
    • /
    • 1999
  • This paper contained an actual investigation of a wildfire which broke out on 23 April R 1996 in Go-sung Kun, Kang-won Do examined the calories and the total calories of the m main trees which were Quercus variabillis and Pinus densiflora. There were three important f fire spread factors which were weather condition, fuel condition and terrain. The weather c condition was the most dangerous alarm level. The fuel condition having a high calory v value, Pinus densiflora made up 63% of the forest. Terrain of the forest were mostly c covered by steep slopes and complicated line construction. This experimental calorie study a about Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabillis showed that Pinus densiflora had 13,34kcal/g a and Quercus variabillis had 9.64kcal/g. In the case of weight loss of pyrolysis, Pinus densiflora had a higher percentage rated 35.71~10.05% than Quercus variabillis. Accordingly, Pinus densiflora showed lower than Quercus variabillis in heat resistance.

  • PDF

Combustional Characteristics of Living Leaves for Five Shrubs in Youngdong Areas (영동지역 관목류 5가지 수종 생엽의 연소특성)

  • Lee, Hae-Pyeong;Lee, Si-Young;Park, Young-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
    • /
    • v.9 no.3
    • /
    • pp.81-87
    • /
    • 2009
  • In this study, we have investigated the combustibility of five shrubs growing in Youngdong area such as Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, and Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii using the ignition temperature tester, the cone calorimeter and the smoke density chamber in order to estimate the danger of a forest fire. The results showed that Lespedeza maximowiczii has the lowest ignition temperature, the fastest ignition time and the highest average release concentrations of CO and $CO_2$. Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium showed the highest level in heat release and smoke release, respectively. Therefore, we have concluded that Lespedeza maximowiczii has the highest ignitibility, Zanthoxylum piperitum the most intensive fire spread and fire intensity, and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Lespedeza maximowiczii most difficult to escape from a forest fire.

An analysis of year-to-year change of degraded forest land in Mongolia nature reserve Mt. Bogdkhan in Ulaanbaatar (몽골 울란바토르 복드한산 자연보호지역의 산림훼손지 경년변화 분석)

  • Ganzorig, Myagmar;Lee, Joon-Woo;Kweon, Hyeong-Keun;Choi, Sung-Min;Lee, Myeong-Kyo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.41 no.3
    • /
    • pp.205-211
    • /
    • 2014
  • Focused on Mt. Bogdkhan nature reserve in Mongolia, this study was conducted as a fundamental research to discover a tendency and characteristics of forest damage and to draw up measures for proper plans of forest restoration through an analysis of year-to year change using satellite images. In specific, land cover mapping was conducted by using Landsat images from 1994 to 2011, and then year-to year change was analyzed to investigate the features of forest damage in Mt. Bogdkhan. The results showed that the whole area of a reservation in Mongolia in 2011 was about $416.89km^2$; among them, forest area was $167,87km^2$, accounting for about 40.3%, followed by bare patch and grassland area (58.6%) and urban dry area (1.1%). In particular, compared in 1994, the area of forest in 2011 has increased by $6.12km^2$; while bare patch and grassland area has decreased by $10.81km^2$. Primary causes of forest degradation occurred in Mt. Bogdkhan nature reserve included illegal logging for fuel, forest and grassland degradation caused by domestic animals grazing, man-made forest fire, and disaster caused by insect pest.