• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2000

Soil samples were collected in thirteen Manitoba boreal forest sites. Spatial distribution of chytrids from diverse boreal forest microhabitats was investigated by baiting with jack pine pollen. After baiting, the pollen was surveyed for chytrids for 8 ten day period and individual species were counted. Total infestations of pollen by chytrids ranged from 5.8% to 90.2% from various soils. Each site with high infestation was characterized by litter with high needle content while mineral soil or soil with limited organic matter yielded low levels of pollen infestation. Species diversity tended to be higher in soils with higher pollen infestation and lower in soils with lower pollen infestation. Lower diversity was generally observed in mineral soils or soils with a limited organic horizon comprised, in part, of broad leaf litter. Based on coefficients of association and species in common among species across the collection sites, it was possible to relate dominant species assemblages in site groups. These species assemblages in the site groups suggest that the chytrids are distributed by litter and soil types. It can be concluded that the substratum characteristics of litter types and availability of litter may be important in describing chytrid distribution in boreal forest sites.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2002

본 연구는 물리화학적 분석을 토대로 산불지 토양에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자의 특성을 파악하려 하였으며, 산불지 2차피해저감기법의 개발에 획득한 결과를 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상지는 강원도 강릉시와 동해시에 소재한 임야이며, 산불발생시기는 2000년 12월경이다. 토양시료는 산불발생후 약 1년이 지난 2001년 11월에 산불지와 비산불지, 표토와 심토를 대상으로 구분하여 채취하였다. 산불지 표토 (0-5 cm)중의 pH는 비교지에 비하여 높은 특성을 보였으며, 심토 (5-40 cm)중의 pH는 비교지에 비하여 낮은 특성을 보였다. 토성분류 결과, 산불로 소실된 초목류의 잔류물이 산불지 토성에 영향을 주었으며, 지질적 특성에 따라서도 토성의 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 유기물함량은 산불지에서 높게 나타났지만 예외적으로 탄질셰일이 많이 분포하는 산불지에서는 비교지에 비하여 유기물함량이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 풍화지수는 산불지에서 낮게 나타났으며 이는 산불지 표토의 유실과 관련이 있다. Fe(Fe$^{2+}$ or Fe$^{3+}$ )이온은 강우나 강설등에 의하여 산불지 표토로부터 쉽게 용탈되는 반면에 Mn이온은 콜로이드의 물리화학적 흡착작용에 의하여 산불지 토양 중에 그대로 잔류하는 특성을 확인하였다. 연속추출법을 통하여 산불지에서 Fe이온의 용탈이 있음을 확인하였으며, Mn이온의 용출특성이 교란되었음을 확인하였다. 요인분석결과에서도 산불로 인하여 인자들간의 수반특성이 교란되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.341-346
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• 1998

산성화원 산림토양에 Ca, Ca+Mg, Ca+Mg+C.F. 등의 시비가 토양의 화학적 성질변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 도시지역인 남산과 수락산, 산림지역인 광릉의 참나무류 임분과 리기다소나무 임분을 대상으로 1991년 11월부터 1995년 4월까지 매년 시비한 후 시비 5년차인 1995년 11월에 토양의 화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 시비는 산림토양의 화학적 성질에 변화를 초래하였다. 토양 pH는 비료의 종류에 관계없이 상승하였으나 지역이나 임분에 따라 다른 경향을 보였다. 유기물, 전질소함량 등은 비료 종류간에 뚜렷한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 염기총량은 시비 후 증가하였다. 치환성 양이온 함량은 리기다소나무 임분이 참나무류 임분에 비해 낮은 값을 보이고 있으며, 또한 도시지역이 산림지역에 비해 낮게 나타나 도시지역 산림에서 이들 양분의 용탈이 더 심한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2014

산림토양의 화학적 풍화작용은 대기 중 $CO_2$의 농도를 지질학적 연대에 걸쳐 줄이는 기작일 뿐만 아니라 수목의 생장에 필요한 많은 영양소를 얻게해주는 중요한 반응이다. 대기 중 $CO_2$의 농도 증가($eCO_2$)가 산림의 탄소 저장 능력에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 1990년대부터 상부 개방형 온실(Open top chamber) 실험과 FACE(Free air $CO_2$ enrichment) 실험을 통해 활발히 이루어졌으나 $eCO_2$가 산림토양의 풍화작용에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 그 중요성에도 불구하고 상대적으로 드물다. 이 총설에서는 대기 중 $CO_2$의 증가가 산림토양의 화학적 풍화작용에 미치는 영향에 대한 기존의 연구 결과를 정리하고 앞으로 필요한 연구에 대해 제언한다. 산림토양의 풍화작용이 $eCO_2$ 하에서 어떻게 변화할 지에 대해 과거에 비해 진전된 연구 결과가 최근 보고되었으나 거대한 부피를 가진 산림 토양이 미래의 $eCO_2$ 대기 하에서 어떻게 반응할 지는 여전히 명확하지 않다. 연구 대상지의 실험군 처리 전 자료를 세밀히 분석하고, 열대 지방에서 극지에 이르는 넓은 지역을 포괄하는 산림토양의 풍화작용에 대한 연구를 진행하면 지구의 생명체를 지속시키는 동력인 토양이 기후변화 하에서 어떻게 변화할 지에 대한 중요한 정보를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2004

This study was carried out to measure the growth and photosynthesis of Iris pseudoacorus, the reduction rate of nitrogen(T-N) and phosphoric acid($P_2O_5$) from soils, and the increase rate of two substance into plants which cultivated at waterway soils of different concentration of two substance. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The contents of nitrogen and phosphoric acid at waterway soils of Mangyeong river showed the highest level in the around Samrye railway bridge where was located in the downstream and sewage of stock raising flowed in 2. The Iris pseudoacorus which cultivated at waterway soils showed the leaf and root growth of 43~50 and 9~13cm, respectively. And the growth was higher in the waterway soils contained high level of nitrogen The rate of photosynthesis was $3.5-5.9{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ ranges and this rate increased from the end of June to August and then decreased. The rate of photosynthesis was higher in waterway soils contained high nitrogen regardless of seasons. 4. The Iris pseudoacorus removed nitrogen and phosphoric acid from waterway soils about 19~21% and 13~15%, respectively. The Iris pseudoacorus was effective to remove nitrogen more than phosphoric acid. And the waterway soil which included high concentration of two substance showed highly removal 5. The results of Iris pseudoacorus vegetation in the waterway soils showed that nitrogen and phosphoric acid of inside plant increased with 0.2-1.0% and 0.01-0.10% ranges, respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphoric acid in plants were increase in the soils of higher contents of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and the rate of increase of nitrogen and phosphoric acid was higher at roots than leaves.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2000

도시에서 토양을 보존하고 합리적으로 이용하기 위하여 도시 토양을 과학적으로 이해하는 것이 필요하지만 아직까지 이처럼 과도하게 관리되고 교란된 토양의 특성에 대하여 집중적으로 연구되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 조사된 인천의 산림, 잔디밭, 가로수, 나지 및 포장 밑 토양에서 답압에 의한 견밀화에 의하여 토양 가밀도가 높았다. 또한 다양한 도시 토양에서 수분함량은 전원지 산림 토양에 비하여 적었고 지온은 높았다. 화학적으로는 도시 토양에서 pH가 중성에 가깝고 유기물 함량이 적었다. 도시 토양의 총세균수는 전원지 산림 토양의 단지 5∼50% 수준이었다. 단계식 다중회귀분석의 결과, 토양 유기물함량이 총세균수에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인으로서 선정되었다. 대부분의 도시 토양에서 탈수소효소 활성도는 전원지 산림 토양과 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 아스팔트 포장 밑 토양에서는 낮았다 그러므로 견밀한 도시 토양에서 낮은 유기물함량이 물질 순환에 관여하는 미생물 수에 악영향을 미친다고 판단되었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1995

The variations of the soil texture, $SiO_2$ /$Al_2$$O_3$ ratio, buffer action, exchangeable base, ex-changeable hydrogen, and mineral nutrients were investigated to estimate the grade of the soil fertility of the soil derived from the different parent rocks such as the granite in Kwangnung and the basalt in Chejudo. The results investigated were showed as follows : Basalt soils in Chejudo belong to sandy clay, light clay and sandy clay loam, while gramite soils in Kwangnung sandy loam. The $SiO_2$ /$AI_2$$O_3$ ratio of the grassland in Chejudo was 1.11 and that of the oak forest soils was 1.24, while granite soils in Kwangnung 1.54 and 1.46, respectively. The buffer actions of ba-salt soils against the N /10 HCI and $Ca(OH)_2$ were stronger than those of granite soils. The $SiO_2$/$Al_2$$O_3$ + $Fe_2$$O_3$ ratios of grassland and oak forest soils of basalt in Chejudo showed 1.10 and 1.24 respectively, while those of the grassland and oak forest of Kwangnung 1.44 and 1.33. The base exchange capacity of basalt soils which has higher value of exchangeable hydrogen was stronger than that of granite soils. But the base saturation of granite soils showed higher value than that of basalt soils. Water contents of basalt soils in Chejudo was lower than that of granite soils fo Kwangnung Basalt soils in Chejudo contain still more humus and total nitrogen than gran-ite soils in kwangnung, The amount of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium of granite soils were more than that of basalt soils, Therefore, estimating the soil fertility, granite soils in Kwangnung is higher than that of basalt soils in Chejudo.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2018

Extractable iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) contents and their distribution with depths in soils of forested and adjacent deforested areas at Jahazpura, Teknaf, Cox's Bazar of Bangladesh were studied. The soils under forest showed higher levels of DTPA-extractable micronutrients in all three layers of soil in comparison to those of the deforested areas. The differences between forested and deforested sites were, in most cases, significant.. The top soils of forested sites had the higher contents of micronutrient and generally decreased with depth in forested soils, while there was no regular trend of distribution in deforested soils. The study also revealed that contents of extractable Fe, Mn and Cu were sufficient in all depths and sites but Zn was deficient in bottom layer of forested and all three layers of deforested sites. The results suggested that organic matter, clay and soil pH could play important roles in concentrations and distributions of micronutrients in soils of the study areas.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2001

pH($H_2O$), pH(KCI), CEC(cation exchange capacity), O.M.(organic matter) and exchangeable cations(K, Na, Ca, Mg) of paddy soil, upland soil and forest soil in Kumi city were investigated for the purpose of knowing soil acidification and the correlation between soil acidification and leaching of inorganic salts. The mean pH($H_2O$) values of paddy soil were 5.23(surface soil) and 5.69(subsoil) and 4.74(subsoil). The were 6.37(surface soil) and 6.11(subsoil), and those of forest soil were 4.67(surface soil) and 4.74(subsoil). The mean pH(KCl) values of paddy soil were 4.59(surface soil) and 4.98(subsoil) were 5.48(surface soil) and 5.04(subsoil), and those of forest soil were 3.82(surface soil) and 3.89(subsoil). The acidification of forest soil was more rapid than that of paddy soil and upland soil/ The total mean amounts of exchangeable cations(K, Na, Ca, Mg) in paddy soils were 6.14me/100g(surface soil) and 5.64me/100g(subsoil), and those in upland soils were 6.86me/100g(surface soil) and 6.65me/100g(subsoil), and those in forest soils were 4.06me/100g(surface soil) and 3.34me/100g(subsoil). The contents of inorganic salts in forest soil were much less than those of paddy soil and upland soil. The correlation coefficients(r) between pH($H_2O$) values and the total amounts of exchangeable cations in soils were $0.6635^{**}$(surface soil) and $0.6946^{**}$(subsoil), and those between pH(KCl) values and exchangeable cations in soils were 0.6629(surface soil) and $0.5675^{**}$(subsoil). The correlation between soil acidification and leaching of inorganic salts in soil was positively significant at 1% level.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2000

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi have significant role for ecosystem structure and function. They are the major component of forest soil ecosystems and critically important for water and nutrient cycling in the system. To understand the ecology of AM fungi the fungal spores were collected, identified and counted in forest soils under various climatic and edaphic conditions. In relation to soil depth 90% of AM fungi spores and mycorrhizas distributed within 15cm soil depth. Number of spores per $100m{\ell}$ forest soil volume was 5 to 36 spores from 1 to 3 fungal species. AM fungal species diversity was higher in warmer climates, and more moist and fertile soils. The most frequently found species were Gigaspora decipiens irrespective of soil moisture and Gi. gigantea irrespective of soil fertility. In the Jeju island the soils of Cryptomeria japonica plantations and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens meadow had more AM spores than the other soils. We suggest AM fungi be considered as keystones species when restoring a disturbed forest ecosystem.