• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.92-103
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• 2008

Development of new approaches to achieve naturally good ecological potential of forest road cut-slope by making the best use of advantages of gabion systems with vegetation base materials to prevent slope failure and erosion, in the area with highly erodible soil. As a result on the type analysis of gabion systems already installed in road cut-slopes, gabion systems were generally established to prevent slope failure. Existing gabion systems can be divided into monolithic and modular system and can be divided into ten subtypes according to the purpose of establishment and combination of other measures. As a result on the monitoring of erosion amount from forest road cut-slopes in the test applications, the order of erosion amount from largest to smallest is as follows : the curved road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established ($7,911cm^3$); the control site ($7,632cm^3$); the straight road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established ($7,301cm^3$); the curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established ($5,684cm^3$); and the straight road cut-slope site where the new gabion system ($5,325cm^3$). Therefore, the result shows that the new gabion system is more effective than the normal gabion system to reduce erosion amount from forest ! road cut-slopes. During the study period, vegetation coverages of the straight and curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established were about 45% and about 36%, so average vegetation coverage of the sites where the new gabion systems was established was higher than the sites where the normal gabion systems was established. Therefore, it was concluded that the new gabion system can be more effective for cut-slope revegetation.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2018

The frost heave process from repeated freezing and thawing actions in winter on forest road cut-slopes is important for forest road maintenance and management. This study investigated the damages of the forest heave process on forest road cut-slopes by measuring the changes in the road-cut surface elevation and sediment production and by conducting vegetation surveys which were aimed at providing information for forest road maintenance plans. The temperature and humidity differences were determined between the north and south cut-slopes. T-test showed that the north slope had a lower temperature and humidity than that of the south slope. Field observations also confirmed frozen soils on the north slopes, indicating that the north slopes are susceptible to frost heave. Sediment was converted to dry weight per unit area ($g/m^2$). T-test showed that the north slope produced more sediment than that of the south slope. The study confirmed that more frost heave occurred on the north cut-slopes than on the south cut-slopes. Vegetation surveys were conducted on five cut-slope plots. Considering the dominant species found above the cut-slopes, vegetations in all the plots are expected to succeed to pine and oak in the future. The dominant species appearing on the cut-slopes of the study area were exotic species because the elapsed time of the site was only 2 - 4 years.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest road cut-slope. From one to thirteen year elapsed forest roads in five regional areas of Chungcheong-do and Kyungsangbuk-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.5%, 0.02%, 10%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest road were the elapsed year, elevation, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Sowing plants of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Eragrostis curvula were found in the early stage of forest road-cut. Annual herbs of Youngia denticulata, Erigeron annuus, etc. were found in the 2-3 years elasped forest road-cut. Perennial herbs of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., parachute woody plants of Weigela subsessilis, Pinus densiflora, etc., and gravitative trees of Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus sp., etc. were found in the forest road cut-slope after 3 years of road-cut. Leguma of Lespedeza cureata, Amorpha fruticosa, Lespedeza bicolor, Pueraria thunbergiana, Albizzia julibrissin, etc., herbs of Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants of Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Pinus densiflora, etc. were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2013

이 연구는 식생기반재 돌망태의 침식억지효과 및 녹화효과를 분석하는데 있다. 이 연구를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 조사기간 중 평균침식량을 분석해 본 결과, 침식량이 가장 많은 순으로 보면 곡선부에서의 일반돌망태시공지(5,840 $cm^3$)>대조구(5,833 $cm^3$)>직선부의 일반돌망태 시공지(5,621 $cm^3$)>곡선부의 식생기반재돌망태시공지(4,298 $cm^3$)> 직선부의 식생기반재돌망태시공지(4,117 $cm^3$)의 순으로 나타나 식생기반재 돌망태를 시공한 것이 임도절토비탈면의 침식을 저감하는데 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 아울러 임도 곡선부의 식생기반재돌망태 및 일반돌망태시공지의 토양침식억지효과가 직선부보다 낮게 나타나 이러한 구조물은 곡선부보다는 직선부에 설치하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. 조사기간 중 평균식생피복률은 곡선부에서 45(28~65)%로 나타나 동일한 기간 직선부 식생기반재돌망태시공지의 평균피복률 56(30~85)% 보다 약 11(2~20)% 낮은 값을 나타내어 직선부에서의 식생피복률이 높게 나타났다. 또한 임도절토비탈면에 시공한 식생기반재돌망태는 안정화된 이후 임도 절토 비탈면의 토양침식을 억지하는 효과로 인해 식생피복률이 증가하는데 기여하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2014

Forest roads failure is one of the most common problems caused by heavy rainfalls. This study investigated the characteristics on stabilization measures installed for cutting slopes failure of forest road resulted from heavy rainfalls. Three primary factors (slope length, slope gradient, soil type) affecting cutting slope failure were considered and stabilization measures were classified into two types (A type: wooden fence, vegetation sandbag, stone masonry; B type: wire cylinder, gabion, concrete retaining wall) through discriminant analysis based on their capacity of resistance to slope failure. Results showed that A type was mainly installed in such conditions as cut slope <8 m, cut slope gradient $30-40^{\circ}$ and soil type with soil while B type occurred in locational conditions as cut slope length >8 m, cut slope gradient < $30^{\circ}$ and > $30^{\circ}$, and soil type of gravelly soil and rock.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.809-819
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• 2022

This study was conducted to improve the stability of cut slopes of forest roads in granitic weathered soil areas. The study area is a national forest road (road length 28.48 km) in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. After data collection, a statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS (Ver. 26.0). First, the correlation analysis showed that structure, slope position, soil erosion, slope, and aspect (N, S) were correlated with vegetation coverage (p < 0.05). Elapsed years, slope distance, and aspect (E, W) were found to have no correlation with vegetation coverage. (p > 0.05) Second, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test results showed that vegetation coverage was worse when the slope was located at the top or the middle of the slope than at the bottom of the slope. In addition, the site with sheathing and gabions showed good vegetation coverage when compared with the site without structures. In the case of soil erosion, areas with severe damage and moderate damage showed worse vegetation coverage. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the slope angle of the cut soil of the granitic weathered soil area from 1 : 0.5 - 1.2 to 1 : 0.8 - 1.5. In addition, structures such as sheathing and gabions should be installed on granitic weathered land.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was investigated to the change of vegetation coverage by elapsed years on the cut slope of forest road in Jinju-si. The results obtained could be summarized as follows; The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was decreased hastily in first and second year after seeding. The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was increased as growth of seed-sprayed from third year. But the plants were began to competition with between sprayed seeds and invaded plants from third to fifth year after seed-spray. The numbers of invading plants were gradually increased as 581 individuals from sixth year after seed-spray. The cut slopes of the forest roads turned to a good site condition for growing of invasion plants. And also the total coverage on cut slope of forest roads by invading of surrounding plants was increased more. It showed that plant invasion on cut-slopes of forest roads would be mostly influenced by surrounding plants. The number of surrounding plants on the cut-slopes of forest roads was 59 species, and the number of invading plants showed 65 species. The invading species were high in order of Boehmeria tricuspis, Oplismens undulatifolius, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Erechtites hieracifolia and Artemisia princeps var. Orientalis In the stepwise regression analysis, main factors affecting the coverage of vegetation on the cut-slopes of forest road showed in order of elapsed years, gravel contents(30~50%), middle, sandy loam, sandy clay-loam, soil hardness, aspect(NS), concave(凹) type and gravel contents(15~30%).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation of forest road cut-slope. From one to fourteen year elapsed forest roads in Gangwon-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Invaded species with high frequency ordered Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Lysimachia clethroides, Rubus crataegifolius, Patrinia villosa, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Pueraria thunbergiana, Youngia denticulata, Dactylis glomerata, Rhus chinensis, and Pinus densiflora. North cut-slope have the highest value of invaded species number and plant coverage, and so, north aspect could be best for plant invasion. According to ordination, distribution of species were influenced by elapsed year, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Lespedeza bicolor, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Artemisia stolonifera, Miscanthus sinensis, Rubus crataegifolius, Rhus chinensis, Lindera obtusiloba, and Pinus densiflora were considered with proper species for replantation at south slope. Also, Lespedeza bicolor, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Arundinella hirta, Artemisia keiskeana, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Stephanandra incisa, and Rhododendron mucronulatum were considered with proper species as replantation at north slope.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권3호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2000

임도 옆도랑침식에 영향을 미치는 요인의 평가 및 안정도 판별을 위하여 광릉시험림의 임도를 대상으로 조사를 실시한 결과 침식에 미치는 기여순위는 종단물매, 시설위치, 절토사면경사, 절토사면구성물질, 유하거리, 노면형태, 노면재료, 절토사면피복도, 절토사면길이 순으로 나타났다. 임도 옆도랑침식을 유발하는 요인을 평가하면, 종단물매는 8% 이상, 임도시설위치는 산록(山麓)과 중복(中腹), 절토사면경사는 $50^{\circ}$ 이상, 절토사면토성은 견질토사, 자갈섞인 토사, 호박돌섞인 토사, 유하거리는 80m 이상의 지역에서, 그리고 노면재료는 토사도(土砂道)와 자갈부설도에서, 노면형태의 경우에는 철(凸)형과 직선형, 절토사면 피복도(被覆度)는 피복도가 중(中)이상인 곳에서 임도 옆도랑침식이 발생할 가능성이 높은 것으로 예측(豫測)되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of elapsed years and physical properties on invaded vegetation of forest road slope. For the study, 8 forest roads in Asan-si of Chungcheongnam-do were selected and 15 factors that might influence on vegetation invasion were analyzed. In generally, vegetation coverage of slope have increased with the elapsed years. But invasion species have decreased in the cut-slope and increased in fill-slope. There was no significant correlation between rate of vegetation coverage and elapsed years, but rate of vegetation coverage was strongly related with slope aspect. And the species of invasion vegetation affected mostly by the elapsed years and slope aspect among the physical properties.