• Title/Summary/Keyword: Forest Type Classification

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A Study on the Village Groves in Chinan-Gun Region, Korea (진안지역 마을 숲에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jae-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.5 no.1 s.9
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    • pp.56-65
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of the village groves in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conserved. 33 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 31 of 51 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human overuse. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of village groves in Chinan-Gun region. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavioral characteristics. Principal dominant species and appearing rate, height, width, density of those, species diversity of groves were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation between each factor were analyzed and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

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A Study on the Groves for making enclosed Village in Rural Human Settlement Circle (농촌정주생활권내의 마을 비보숲의 실태에 관한 연구 - 전북 진안군 지역을 중심으로 -)

  • 박재철
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.152-161
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of groves of enclosed village in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conservated. 48 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 27 groves of 48 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human use. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of complementing village groves. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavoral characteristics. Dominent species, appearing rate, height, width, density and biodiversity of upper trees were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation of each factor were analiged and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

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Model Development and Appraisal by Visual Simulation about Soundproof Grove Types of Street Side (도로변 방음 수림대 유형별 시뮬레이션 모형개발 및 평가)

  • Kim, Sung-Kyun;Jeong, Tae-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.11 no.2 s.27
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 2005
  • Because of increasing numbers of cars many highways are being constructed lively, and the noise of passing cars has influenced surrounding areas. In consideration of this, some alternatives and researches for soundproof facilities are proceeding, but aesthetic approach hasn't been considered. Therefore, this research is focused on soundproof effects for each types, effectual simulation methods, visual assessment and estimation between the landscape before simulation and the landscape after. Soundproof facilities are divided largely by the soundproof barrier, the soundproof mounding, the soundproof grove. The soundproof grove has three main function. First, leaves and branches absorbs sound vibrations. Second, leaves absorbs sound, and branches obstruct sounds. Third, by means of sounds of shaking leaves, forest can offset noises. This research was proceeded by means of classification of soundproof grove types and investigation of visual simulation methods. We made visual simulation for each types, and estimated the landscape for each types.

Phyto-Sociological Study of Resource Plant in Mt. Daedun

  • Lee, Yoon-Won
    • Plant Resources
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.113-126
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    • 1999
  • Through the research of tracheophytes type around Mt. Daedun, we are aiming at figuring out the habitat condition of useful resource plants by the classification of vegetation units and communities using the Z-M phyto-sociological method in the basis of the traits of species composition and by the analysis of vegetation and environment by way of coincidence method. Tracheophytes in our research sites was classifid into 117 family, 475 genus 797, species 102 variety,18 breed, in total to 917 kinds. The forest around Mt. Daedun district was classified into 6 communities, 12 groups, 2 sub-groups according to feature species group, differential species group and differential. Judging the result from the examination of community classification factors by the coincidence method, vegetation unit was decided by altitude and topography.

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Neural Networks-Based Method for Electrocardiogram Classification

  • Maksym Kovalchuk;Viktoriia Kharchenko;Andrii Yavorskyi;Igor Bieda;Taras Panchenko
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.23 no.9
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    • pp.186-191
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    • 2023
  • Neural Networks are widely used for huge variety of tasks solution. Machine Learning methods are used also for signal and time series analysis, including electrocardiograms. Contemporary wearable devices, both medical and non-medical type like smart watch, allow to gather the data in real time uninterruptedly. This allows us to transfer these data for analysis or make an analysis on the device, and thus provide preliminary diagnosis, or at least fix some serious deviations. Different methods are being used for this kind of analysis, ranging from medical-oriented using distinctive features of the signal to machine learning and deep learning approaches. Here we will demonstrate a neural network-based approach to this task by building an ensemble of 1D CNN classifiers and a final classifier of selection using logistic regression, random forest or support vector machine, and make the conclusions of the comparison with other approaches.

An Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Landscapes Using Images Taken with a Fish-eye Lens (천공사진(天空寫眞)을 이용한 도시경관의 분석 및 평가)

  • Han Gab-Soo;Yoon Young-Hwal;Jo Hyun-Kil
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.33 no.4 s.111
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate landscape characteristics by classification of landscapes in Chuncheon. A system was developed to convert images taken with a fish-eye lens to panoramic pictures. Landscape characteristics were analyzed by appearance rate and area distribution rate of landscape elements on panorama picture. Landscape characteristics were analyzed according to the number of times landscape elements appeared and the amount of area that each element occupied in the panoramic picture. Each panoramic picture was classified into five types based on these landscape element factors. Landscape evaluation was carried out using dynamic images converted from picture by fish-eye lens. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The urban landscape can be characterized by four essential factors: interconnectedness, nature, urban centrality and landscape scale. Five types of landscapes were determined: detached residential building landscape (type 1), street landscape with various elements (type 2), street landscape in the center of a city (type 3), landscape of housing complex (type 4), and landscape of green space (type 5). Type 5 had the highest degree of landscape satisfaction and the landscape satisfaction increased with the number of appearances of natural elements. The amount of peen space had a high relation with a landscape satisfaction.

The Community Structure of Forest Vegetation in Mt. Gaya, Chungcheongnam-Do Province (충청남도 가야산 산림식생의 군집구조)

  • Yun, Chung-Weon;Lee, Chan-Ho;Kim, Hye-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.379-389
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation structure of Mt. Gaya from April to October in 2006 using phytosociological analysis methodology of Z-M schools. One hundred study sites(quadrat) were surveyed in the area. The forest vegetation was classified into 3 community groups such as Pinus densiflora community group, Cornus controversa community group and artificial forest group. P, densiflora community group was subdivided into 4 communities such as Rhododendron schlippenbachii community. Salix gracilistyla community, Meliosma oldhamii community and P. densiflora typical community. R. schlippendbachii community was subdivided into Potentilla dickinsii group(subdivided into Carpinus coreana subgroup and Melandrynum firmum subgroup) and R. schlippenbachiitypical group. Cornus controversa community group was also subdivided into 4 communities such as Hovenia dulcis community, Quercus aliena community, Ribes maximowicianum community and C. controversa typical community. Artificial forest type indicated 3 communities such as Larix leptolepis community, Pinus rigida community and Castanea crenata community. Accordingly, the vegetation pattern of the surveyed areas were classified into 3 community groups, 11 communities, 2 groups, and 2 subgroups and the forest vegetation was classified into 13 units in total. It is also believed that C. coreana subgroup and M. oldhamii community could be a source for a significant basic data for making vegetation hierarchy and forest distribution zone in the Korean peninsula. H. dulcis community was also considered to be one of the important genetic resources; therefore, those distribution areas are required to be institutionally protected and managed in the near future.

The Prediction of Export Credit Guarantee Accident using Machine Learning (기계학습을 이용한 수출신용보증 사고예측)

  • Cho, Jaeyoung;Joo, Jihwan;Han, Ingoo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.83-102
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    • 2021
  • The government recently announced various policies for developing big-data and artificial intelligence fields to provide a great opportunity to the public with respect to disclosure of high-quality data within public institutions. KSURE(Korea Trade Insurance Corporation) is a major public institution for financial policy in Korea, and thus the company is strongly committed to backing export companies with various systems. Nevertheless, there are still fewer cases of realized business model based on big-data analyses. In this situation, this paper aims to develop a new business model which can be applied to an ex-ante prediction for the likelihood of the insurance accident of credit guarantee. We utilize internal data from KSURE which supports export companies in Korea and apply machine learning models. Then, we conduct performance comparison among the predictive models including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and DNN(Deep Neural Network). For decades, many researchers have tried to find better models which can help to predict bankruptcy since the ex-ante prediction is crucial for corporate managers, investors, creditors, and other stakeholders. The development of the prediction for financial distress or bankruptcy was originated from Smith(1930), Fitzpatrick(1932), or Merwin(1942). One of the most famous models is the Altman's Z-score model(Altman, 1968) which was based on the multiple discriminant analysis. This model is widely used in both research and practice by this time. The author suggests the score model that utilizes five key financial ratios to predict the probability of bankruptcy in the next two years. Ohlson(1980) introduces logit model to complement some limitations of previous models. Furthermore, Elmer and Borowski(1988) develop and examine a rule-based, automated system which conducts the financial analysis of savings and loans. Since the 1980s, researchers in Korea have started to examine analyses on the prediction of financial distress or bankruptcy. Kim(1987) analyzes financial ratios and develops the prediction model. Also, Han et al.(1995, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2005, 2006) construct the prediction model using various techniques including artificial neural network. Yang(1996) introduces multiple discriminant analysis and logit model. Besides, Kim and Kim(2001) utilize artificial neural network techniques for ex-ante prediction of insolvent enterprises. After that, many scholars have been trying to predict financial distress or bankruptcy more precisely based on diverse models such as Random Forest or SVM. One major distinction of our research from the previous research is that we focus on examining the predicted probability of default for each sample case, not only on investigating the classification accuracy of each model for the entire sample. Most predictive models in this paper show that the level of the accuracy of classification is about 70% based on the entire sample. To be specific, LightGBM model shows the highest accuracy of 71.1% and Logit model indicates the lowest accuracy of 69%. However, we confirm that there are open to multiple interpretations. In the context of the business, we have to put more emphasis on efforts to minimize type 2 error which causes more harmful operating losses for the guaranty company. Thus, we also compare the classification accuracy by splitting predicted probability of the default into ten equal intervals. When we examine the classification accuracy for each interval, Logit model has the highest accuracy of 100% for 0~10% of the predicted probability of the default, however, Logit model has a relatively lower accuracy of 61.5% for 90~100% of the predicted probability of the default. On the other hand, Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and DNN indicate more desirable results since they indicate a higher level of accuracy for both 0~10% and 90~100% of the predicted probability of the default but have a lower level of accuracy around 50% of the predicted probability of the default. When it comes to the distribution of samples for each predicted probability of the default, both LightGBM and XGBoost models have a relatively large number of samples for both 0~10% and 90~100% of the predicted probability of the default. Although Random Forest model has an advantage with regard to the perspective of classification accuracy with small number of cases, LightGBM or XGBoost could become a more desirable model since they classify large number of cases into the two extreme intervals of the predicted probability of the default, even allowing for their relatively low classification accuracy. Considering the importance of type 2 error and total prediction accuracy, XGBoost and DNN show superior performance. Next, Random Forest and LightGBM show good results, but logistic regression shows the worst performance. However, each predictive model has a comparative advantage in terms of various evaluation standards. For instance, Random Forest model shows almost 100% accuracy for samples which are expected to have a high level of the probability of default. Collectively, we can construct more comprehensive ensemble models which contain multiple classification machine learning models and conduct majority voting for maximizing its overall performance.

An Analysis of Biotope Structure in Metropolitan city in terms of Nature Experience and Recreation (대도시의 비오톱 구조분석 -자연체험 및 휴양의 관점에서-)

  • 나정화;이석철
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.72-87
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this research was analysis of biotope structure focused on the evaluation for the nature experience and recreation in the case of Suseoung District in Daegu metropolitan area. The results of this study were as follows; 1) The result of biotope type classification was divided into 17 biotope type groups and 90 biotope types belonging to them. 2) In the result of the first evaluation for the nature experience and recreation, biotope types such as MA, NA, OE, PH, QB etc. possess great value. Particulary these biotope types come from forest areas and transition zone. The have not appeared in the inner of cities. 3) The biotope types such as JC, ME, OA, OE, PB, QD, QF etc. are proved to possess high value in the result of the utility evaluation. 4) There emerges 3a biotope type that has the highest value in the result of the second evaluation - such as ME, NB, NC, PD, QB etc. Most of them range widely except in the urbanized areas. Most of them were presented into the large area of site size and in the outer forest areas. But most of them were distributed in the forest areas intensively. So, it is certain that the space of nature experience connected with residential district of the urban people s scarce. Finally, the detailed plan must be made out specially continuously. It is about biotope spaces that are important for the nature experience and the recreation from the result of this research. Also, the study on the detailed index settlement of the sight green plan based on the biotope map must be continued.

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The Analysis of Forest Ecosystem in Wangpicheon Area, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea -With a Special Reference to Vegetation- (울진군 왕피천 주변지역의 산림생태계 분석 -식생분야를 중심으로-)

  • 최송현;김정호
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.153-168
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    • 2003
  • Wangpicheon, which is located in Uljin-Gun, Korea, is threatened with various developments plan recently. To investigate the forest structure, actual vegetation and degree of green naturality(DGN) in Wangpicheon, survey was carried out within about 1km width from the stream. In the analysis of actual vegetation, the forest type around Wangpicheon is differentiated into 26 vegetation ones. In these, six Pinus densiflora - dominated vegetation types are appeared a great many of them. In DGN analysis, 70.8% of total area is covered by DGN 8 and 0.3% of total area is covered by DGN 9. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN, the community was divided by three types of Pinus densiflora community and two types of Quercus spp. community i.e. Quercus mongolica and Q. vuliabitis community. The structure of communities were analyzed using importance percentage, and species and individuals, DBH distribution and similarity analysis were executed.