• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.586-593
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to develop an algorithm for predicting sediment discharge by debris flow, and develop GIS-based decision support system for optimal arrangement of check dam. Method: The average stream width and flow length were used to predict the cumulative sediment discharge by debris flow. At this time, the amount of slope failure on source area and average flow length were utilized as input factors. Result: The predicted sediment discharge calculated through the algorithm was 1.1 times different on average compared to the actual sediment discharge by debris flow. In addition, the program is an objective indicator that selects the location and size of the check dam, and it can help practitioners make rational decisions. Conclusion: The soil erosion control works are being implemented every year. Therefore, it is expected that the GIS-based decision support system for location and size of the check dam will contribute to the prevention of sediment-related disasters.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to reveal tree species preference and inter-specific difference of foraging behavior among four canopy-dwelling birds at forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldian and Carpinus cordata at 1,000 meters above sea level during breeding season of birds from 1995 to 1997 in Mt. Jumbongsan. Breeding birds were about 25 species and dominant birds were Erithacus cyane, Parus ater and Parus palustris. A relatively high number of bush-nesters can be a characteristic of breeding bird community at study area. Three gleaners (Tits, P. varius, P. palustris and P. ater) selectively preferred the trees irrespective of dominant tree species, whereas bark foragers (Nuthatch, Sitta europaea) utilized the dominant trees. The four birds showed significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging location, but the three tits did not show significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging maneuver and trees. Closely related tits may coexist with each other by inter-specific different use of foraging location determined by foliage structure and leaf arrangement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.1
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 2013

In order to establish efficient timber harvesting system and provide the necessary data for the system establishment, the techniques to identify areas possible of the yarding-operation and design forest-road networks were newly developed and the applicability of the techniques are tested in this study. The new techniques were developed based on ArcGIS, particularly with utilizing the Viewshed Analysis Tool. From the results of the identification of the possible yarding-operation areas, it is found that the percentage of possible yardingoperation area decreases with the increment of maximum yarding distance due to terrestrial effects. When forest road networks are extended in impossible yarding-operation sites, the area of possible yarding-operation sites increases. If a forest road network is newly designed, its overall extension is altered, resulting in changes in the possible yarding-operation areas. Through the comparative analysis among the different possible yardingoperation areas from different forest road networks, the maximization of the yarding-operation possible area can be achieved. The results from this study can be utilized for establishing more efficient timber-harvesting system and developing GIS-based programs to manage the system.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to understand and to compare the qualitative aspects of anatomical characteristics in compression wood (CW), lateral wood (LW), and opposite wood (OW) in a stem of Ginkgo biloba. The qualitative analysis was examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CW in Ginkgo biloba disks were dark brown in color, and the OW and LW were light brown in color. CW and OW showed abrupt transitions from earlywood to latewood, while LW showed a gradual transition. Cross sections of CW presented circular tracheids with angular outlines, many intercellular spaces, and varying sizes of lumens. Cross sections of LW and OW showed rectangular tracheids, fewer intercellular spaces, and varying sizes of lumens. In radial sections, CW showed an irregular arrangement of tracheids in earlywood, while LW and OW showed comparatively regular arrangements. Slit-like bordered pits on the tracheid cell wall, piceoid pits in the crossfield, and a few spiral checks were present in CW. LW and OW showed bordered pits with slightly oval-shaped apertures, as well as cuppresoid pits in the crossfields. Rays were primarily uniseriate, with few biseriate rays in the tangential sections of CW, LW, and OW. The tips of the tracheids were branched in CW but had a normal appearance in LW and OW.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.204-209
• /
• 2008

We have cloned an LTP gene (PoLTP1) from poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. tremula var. glandulosa) suspension cells and examined changes in its expression levels in response to various stresses and ABA treatment. The full-length PoLTP1 cDNA clone encodes a polypeptide of 116 amino acids with typical characteristics of LTPs, notably a conserved arrangement of cysteine residues. Southern blot analysis indicate that two or three copies of the PoLTP1 are present in the genome of the investigated hybrid poplar. In addition, northern analysis of samples from soil-grown plants indicate that PoLTP1 is tissue-specifically expressed in the leaves and flowers. The gene is significantly up-regulated by treatment with mannitol, NaCl and ABA, but not by either cold or wounding. These results indicate that PoLTP1 is involved in osmotic stress responses in poplar plants and suspension cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.110 no.4
• /
• pp.530-542
• /
• 2021

To establish the basic unit for the ecological management of the Larix kaempferiplantations in the Baekdudaegan protected area, we classified the vegetation types using TWINSPAN and DCA ordination analysis based on the vegetation information collected from 119 plots and analyzed their spatial arrangement status. Vegetation types were classified into seven types, including Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii type, Q. mongolica-Lespedeza maximowiczii type, Cornus controversa-Morus australis type, Q. mongolica-Carpinus cordata type, Lindera erythrocarpa-Rosa multiflora type, Q. serrata-Zanthoxylum schinifolium type, and Q. serrata-Sasa borealis type and they have usually reflected differences in the floristic composition according to latitude, elevation, establishment period, operation history, characteristics of the surrounding stands, and degree of disturbance. Furthermore, using the Jaccard coefficient to comparethe floristic composition similarity between Larix kaempferiplantations and surrounding potential natural vegetation (Q. mongolica and Q. serrata forests), although some differences depended on vegetation types, it was 0.21 on average with Q. mongolica forest and 0.32 with Q. serrata forest, indicating that the floristic composition was still heterogeneous.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1999

The objective of this study are to figure out the physical attributes of the three predictors in the Informational Approach: complexity, coherence, mystery and to investigate the relationships between these attributes and the preference exploratively. Visual inspection of the scenes relative to their rated levels of the predictors revealed the existence of relationship between these variables and the physical attributes. The following are the summary of the relationship between three predictors and the physical attributes: (1) The level of complexity was associated with the pattern of physical attributes which were the amount of facility, line, shape, color plant and arrangement of the visual elements. (2) The level of coherence was related with the regular arrangement of the visual elements. For example, there was certain pattern founded the color, shape, texture was applied to the various space repetitively and symmetrically. (3) The level of mystery had the relationship with the physical attributes of screen, spatial definition, distance of view, physical accessibility, radiant forest, the depth of space.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1979

The arrangement and the number of vascular bundle in petiole were investigated with the hybrid Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa and both parents. 1. The variation in number and the arrangement of the vascular bundle in petiole were smaller at middle point than at nearer point to the leaf blade. 2. A small variation was found in the arrangement of the vascular bundle within a tree, same clone and same species. 3. Five shapes of vascular bundle were recognized in the $F_1$ hybrid, 26.7 per cent of the $F_1$ hybrid has the same shape with P. alba, 13.3 percent with P. glandulosa and 53.3 per cent of the $F_1$ hybrid shows the $F_1$ shape caused by hybridization. 4. The hybrid clones which show the same shape with P. alba are 66-20-1, 66-6-8, 65-22-11 and 64-6-44, hybrid clones of 65-95, 66-14-93 have the same shape with P. glandulosa. Hybrid clones of 66-15-3, 67-6-3, 65-22-4, 66-26-55, 68-1-54, 66-14-99, 65-29-19, 66-25-5 have $F_1$ shape.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.1397-1402
• /
• 2010

In recently, building greening to improve the urban environment is a very important areas. Thus, in order to promote the building greening is needed for the arrangement of its related system. In this study, analyzed the related system in Japan and the results obtained are as follows. Related system in Japan are to promote the spread of compulsory and dissemination of guidance. And to promote the spread of dissemination of guidance are to allowed a system to be included in green area of the site required, plans to loan the costs of greening, plans to subsidize the cost of greening, tax reduction and exemption, incentive on floor area ratio, plant supply and other technical guidance system. In conclusion, in order to promote the building greening note the related system of Japan and our related system should be arranged.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2002

To restore the forest ecosystem severely damaged by air pollution around industrial complexes, plants tolerant to the polluted environment were selected by transplant and pot culture experiments. A restoration plan by arranging those tolerant species was prepared based on the ecological diagnostic results on an area that requires restoration. Transplant experiment in Ulsan and Yeocheon areas, the representative industrial complexes in Korea, selected eight tolerant species of Quercus aliena, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata, Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Ligustrum japonicum, Styrax japonica, and Poncirus trifoliata. Cultivation in the polluted soil transported from the Ulsan and Yeocheon industrial complexes chose five tolerant plants of Q. aliena, Q. acutissima, Q. serrata, Styrax japonica, and Alnus firma. A plan to restore the forest ecosystem of Mt. Dotjil, which experienced the severest ecosystem degradation in the Ulsan industrial complex, was prepared by applying those tolerant species along with treatment for soil amelioration. Arrangement of the tolerant species was designed by considering their ecological characteristics including distribution range on topography and shade tolerance. Soil amelioration was focused on the improvement of fertility and moisture conditions.