• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2012

This study was conducted from February 2005 to October 2007 to investigate bird distribution at three types of forest (mixed, broadleaf and coniferous) in Gwangneung forest. As a result, more birds used mixed forests than broodleaf and coniferous forest. During forest was opened to public, more birds also frequently used mixed forests. When forest was closed to public, there was no preference among three forest types. We also compared the number of species and individuals between open and restricted area. More species and individuals used restricted area.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.760-762
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• 2003

This study confirmed the usefulness of short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) in the discrimination and classification of evergreen forest types. A forested area near Hisayama and Sasaguri in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, served as the study area. Warm-temperate forest vegetation dominates the study site vegetation. Coniferous plantation forest, natural broad-leaved forest, and bamboo forest were analyzed using LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR remote sensing data. Samples were extracted for the three forest types, and reflectance factors were compared for each band. Kappa coefficients of various band combinations were also compared by classification accuracy. For the LANDSAT5/TM data observed in April, October, and November, Bands 5 and 7 showed significant differences between bamboo, broad-leaved, and coniferous forests. The same significant difference was not recognized in the visible or near-infrared regions. Classification accuracy, determined by supervised classification, indicated distinct improvements in band combinations with SWIR, as compared to those without SWIR. Similar results were found for both LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR data. This study identified obvious advantages in using SWIR data in forest-type discrimination and classification.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2013

Anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gas concentrations, primarily through radiative forcing from carbon dioxide, continue to challenge earth's climate. This study quantified $CO_2$ storage and uptake by dominant forest types and age classes in the middle region of Korea. In addition, the role of forest landscapes in reducing atmospheric $CO_2$ against $CO_2$ emissions based on energy consumption was evaluated. Mean $CO_2$ storage and uptake per unit area by woody plants for three forest types and four age classes were estimated applying regression equations derived to quantify $CO_2$ storage and uptake per tree; and computations per soil unit area were also performed. Total $CO_2$ storage and uptake by forest landscapes were estimated by extrapolating $CO_2$ storage and uptake per unit area. Results indicated mean $CO_2$ storage per unit area by woody plants and soils was higher in older age classes for the same forest types, and higher in broadleaved than coniferous forests for the same age classes, with the exception of age class II (11-20 years). $CO_2$ storage by broadleaved forests of age class V (41-50 years) averaged 662.0 t/ha (US$331.0 hundred/ha), highest for all forest types and age classes evaluated. Overall, an increased mean $CO_2$ uptake per unit area by woody plants was evident for older age classes for the same forest types. However, decreased $CO_2$ uptake by broadleaved forests at age class V was observed, compared to classes III and IV with an average of 27.9 t/ha/yr (US$14.0 hundred/ha/yr). Total $CO_2$ storage by woody plants and soils in the study area was equivalent to 3.4 times the annual $CO_2$ emissions, and woody plants annually offset the $CO_2$ emissions by 17.7%. The important roles of plants and soils were associated with 39.1% of total forest area in South Korea, and $CO_2$ emissions comprised 62.2% of the total population. Therefore, development of forest lands may change $CO_2$ sinks into sources. Forest landscape management strategies were explored to maintain or improve forest roles in reducing atmospheric $CO_2$ levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.239-252
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• 1998

Based on forestry inventory data and various informations, this study was conducted to analyze the silvicultural activities by distance classes from forest road and to evaluate their effects in the area of Mt. Gari managed by Chunchon Regional Office of Northern Forest Management Office. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Most harvesting practice(67.9%) was done within 500m from forest roads, in the order of Pumgul, Saorang, and Kongkol forest road. And thinning practice was not related to the distance from forest road, produced $440.6m^3$, 35.7% of total thinning volume within 1,000m width along the forest roads. 2) Planting of 530,461 seedlings, 66.8% of total planting stock, in 176.9ha, 66.6% of total area within 1,000m from forest road, and supplementary planting of 46,243 seedlings was done in 15.4ha, 42.9% of total area within 500m from forest road. Areas and numbers of seedlings of two planting practices were in the order of Pumgul and Byungatur forest road. 3) Tending operation was done in 330.0ha, 60.3% of total area within 500m from forest road, and pre-commercial thinning was done in 693.6ha, 71.2% of total area. Areas of intermediate cutting practices were in the order of Pumgul, Korkol, and Saorang forest road.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2016

In this study, we collected rhizosphere soils and root samples from a post-mining area and a natural forest area in Jecheon, Korea. We extracted spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from rhizospheres, and then examined the sequences of 18S rDNA genes of the AMF from the collected roots of plants. We compared the AMF communities in the post-mining area and the natural forest area by sequence analysis of the AMF spores from soils and of the AMF clones from roots. Consequently, we confirmed that the structure of AMF communities varied between the post-mining area and the natural forest area and showed significant relationship with heavy metal contents in soils. These results suggest that heavy metal contamination by mining activity significantly affects the AMF community structure.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.176-186
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• 2024

This study aimed to provide ecological information by identifying the stand characteristics of Larix kaempferi forest vegetation (deforestation, forest influence, patch, forest) for aggregated retention harvest in Mt. Nambyeongsan, Pyeongchang-Gun. Data were collected using the Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey method from July 2020, with 54 quadrats analyzed for importance value, species diversity, similarity index, and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). The results showed that vine species had a higher importance value in the deforestation area and forest influence area. Forest regions had the highest species diversity (2.419), while the forest influence area had the lowest(2.171). The similarity index was highest between the forest region and patch area (0.723), and lowest between the patch area and forest influence area (0.658), which was consistent with the DCA results. In conclusion, although species diversity temporarily showed higher values in the initial stage after aggregated retention harvest, it was difficult to assign ecologically specific meanings to these values. Long-term monitoring is therefore necessary to accumulate ecological information on aggregated retention harvests.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2007

This study was carried out the analysis of forest vegetation structure using the phytosociological methods by Braun-Blanquet from April to November in 2006. The results were summarized as follows. The forest vegetation was classified into 23 communities and 3 forest ecosystem types such as slope forest type, valley forest type and artificial forest type. By the actual vegetation map, Quercus mongolica forest was widely distributed in the area and Pinus densiflora forest and Quercus variabilis forest in the southern parts of the slope and valley forest mainly in valley area, respectively. The importance value in the Q. mongolica forest and artificial forest was absolutely high for the species dominated in tree layer. The typical valley species of Lindera erythrocarpa and Styrax japonica were abundantly occupied in the all layers. Species diversity indices of Alnus hirsta forest was the lowest as 0.2191, and that of valley forest was about 0.9, the highest among the all forest types.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.698-701
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• 2005

This paper examines that is extracted certain information in forest areas within high resolution imagery based on wavelet transformation. First of all, study areas are selected one more species distributed spots refer to forest type map. Next, study area is cut 256 x 256 pixels size because of image processing problem in large volume data. Prior to wavelet transformation, five texture parameters (contrast, dissimilarity, entropy, homogeneity, Angular Second Moment (ASM≫ calculated by using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Five texture images are set that shifting window size is 3x3, distance .is 1 pixel, and angle is 45 degrees used. Wavelet function is selected Daubechies 4 wavelet basis functions. Result is summarized 3 points; First, Wavelet transformation images derived from contrast, dissimilarity (texture parameters) have on effect on edge elements detection and will have probability used forest road detection. Second, Wavelet fusion images derived from texture parameters and original image can apply to forest area classification because of clustering in Homogeneous forest type structure. Third, for grading evaluation in forest fire damaged area, if data fusion of established classification method, GLCM texture extraction concept and wavelet transformation technique effectively applied forest areas (also other areas), will obtain high accuracy result.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.471-481
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze the long-term trends for the outlook for job development in the forestry sector and to identify supply and demand on job markets. Due to the results of the studies of the forest area would be focused on area of forest therapy and guide, forest biomass research, researcher on prevention & control of forest pests, technician for forest protection, expert in forest disaster prevention, investigating of overseas tree species, and similarly the qualification items should be given more in trees and or bio-energy producer, forest saver and preventer, forest therapist and guide, tree pesticide doctor, forestry job regulator, etc. The main implication of the study result is that the reason of climate changes, environment pollutions and green-energy productivity would push the conditions of job market trend in forest workforce area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.595-600
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• 2006

The plot design influences the budgets and the precision of forest inventory results. The objective of this study is to determine the efficiency of estimating forest variables such as tree density, basal area, volume, and species richness based on various plot sizes using fixed-area plot sampling in the natural deciduous forest of Pyeong-Chang County, Gang-won Province, Korea. In this study, 108 reference plots were established with a fixed plot size and shape of 0.09 ha ($30m{\times}30m$). In order to determine the optimal plot size for the interest of variables, each sample plot was established using different shapes (square, circle, and rectangle) and was divided into different plot sizes from 100 to $900m^2$. The mean relative difference (MRD) for the sum of the basal area and volume, and tree density per hectare decreased as plot size increased. But the MRD for three variables were only below 13% at the plot size of $500m^2$. Species richness for each reference stand observed ranging from 2 to 15 species, demonstrated highly positive significant relationships with plot size. The minimum plot size for the estimation of tree density, the sum of the BA and volume was determined to be about $400m^2$, whereas the estimation of species richness required a minimum plot size of $500m^2$.