• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.37.1-37.13
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• 2020

Background: The human mandible is variable in shape, size and position and any deviation from normal can affect the facial appearance and dental occlusion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether the Sassouni cephalometric analysis could help predict two-dimensional mandibular shape in humans using cephalometric planes and landmarks. Materials and methods: A retrospective computerised analysis of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at Kingston Hospital Orthodontic Department was carried out. Results: Results showed that the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of gonion and traced position of gonion was 7.89 mm and the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of pogonion and the traced position of pogonion was 11.15 mm. The length of the anterior cranial base as measured by sella-nasion was positively correlated with the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton, r = 0.381 and regression analysis showed the length of the anterior cranial base sella-nasion could be predictive of the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton by the equation 22.65 + 0.5426x, where x = length of the anterior cranial base (SN). There was a significant association with convex shaped palates and oblique shaped mandibles, p = 0.0004. Conclusions: The method described in this study can be used to help estimate the position of cephalometric points gonion and pogonion and thereby sagittal mandibular length. This method is more accurate in skeletal class I cases and therefore has potential applications in craniofacial anthropology and the 'missing mandible' problem in forensic and archaeological reconstruction.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2023

One of the main parameters in the analysis of skeletal remains in forensic anthropological cases is the estimation of age. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between age and the fusion status of the sternal junction. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 184 sterna from 94 females and 90 males obtained from known-age cadavers in the Thai population. By direct observation, the fusion stage of the manubrio-sternal and sterno-xiphoidal junctions was studied and divided into unfused and fused joints. The results showed that a large proportion of the sterna remain unfused throughout adulthood, with fusion observed in both young and old cadavers. Insignificant differences in the rate of fusion, the sexes and ages were observed. None of the sterna under 30 years of age in females and 32 years of age in males showed fusion of the manubrio-sternal and sterno-xiphoidal junctions. Based on the variability of the sternal fusions observed in this study, we highlighted a very limited role of the sternum alone in the estimation of age in the Thai population.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.592-595
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• 2000

In human chromosome, a short sequence of DNA has been repeated a number of times. These repeats are called variable number of tandem repeat(VNTR) or short tandem repeat(STR) which has short repeat core. VNTR and STR are used in the field of forensic science, evolution, and anthropology. In this work, we examined allele frequencies of 3 VNTR(YNZ22, NeuR, D21S11) and one STR(Humth01) in a Korean population sample by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) followed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis(PAGE) with silver staining. Subsequently, the polymorphism information content(PIC) was calculated : the highest PIC was observed for the NeuR locus(0.95680) and lowest for the Humth01 locus(0.75809).

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2004

To improve the recovery rate of unlocated buried human remains in forensic investigations, there is scope to evaluate and develop techniques that are applicable to the Australian environment. I established controlled gravesites (comprising shallow buried kangaroos, pigs, and human cadavers) in South Australia, to allow the methodical testing of remote sensing equipment for the purpose of grave detection in forensic investigations. Eight-month-old pig graves are shown to provide more distinct identifying results using ground-penetrating radar when compared to four-year-old kangaroo graves. Two further aspects of this research are presented: information (obtained from a survey) relating to the police use of geophysical instruments for locating buried human remains, and the use of electrical resistivity for locating human remains buried in a coffin. The survey of Australian police jurisdictions, covering the period 1995-2000, showed that police searches for unlocated bodies have not successfully located human remains using any geophysical instruments (such as ground-penetrating radar, magnetometers, or electrical resistivity). Lower resistivity readings were found coincident with the 150-year-old single historical burial in a heavily excavated field, in a situation where its exact location was previously unknown.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate sex-specific correlations between the dimensions of permanent canines and the anterior Bolton ratio and to construct a statistical model capable of identifying the sex of an unknown subject. Methods: Odontometric data were collected from 121 plaster study models derived from Caucasian orthodontic patients aged 12-17 years at the pretreatment stage by measuring the dimensions of the permanent canines and Bolton's anterior ratio. Sixteen variables were collected for each subject: 12 dimensions of the permanent canines, sex, age, anterior Bolton ratio, and Angle's classification. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, principal component analysis, and artificial neural network modeling. Results: Sex-specific differences were identified in all odontometric variables, and an artificial neural network model was prepared that used odontometric variables for predicting the sex of the participants with an accuracy of > 80%. This model can be applied for forensic purposes, and its accuracy can be further improved by adding data collected from new subjects or adding new variables for existing subjects. The improvement in the accuracy of the model was demonstrated by an increase in the percentage of accurate predictions from 72.0-78.1% to 77.8-85.7% after the anterior Bolton ratio and age were added. Conclusions: The described artificial neural network model combines forensic dentistry and orthodontics to improve subject recognition by expanding the initial space of odontometric variables and adding orthodontic parameters.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2021

Purpose: Using images in the facial image comparison process poses a challenge for forensic experts due to limitations such as the presence of facial expressions. The aims of this study were to analyze how morphometric changes in the face during a spontaneous smile influence the facial image comparison process and to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements obtained by digital stereophotogrammetry in these situations. Materials and Methods: Three examiners used digital stereophotogrammetry to obtain 3-dimensional images of the faces of 10 female participants(aged between 23 and 45 years). Photographs of the participants' faces were captured with their faces at rest (group 1) and with a spontaneous smile (group 2), resulting in a total of 60 3-dimensional images. The digital stereophotogrammetry device obtained the images with a 3.5-ms capture time, which prevented undesirable movements of the participants. Linear measurements between facial landmarks were made, in units of millimeters, and the data were subjected to multivariate and univariate statistical analyses using Pirouette^® version 4.5 (InfoMetrix Inc., Woodinville, WA, USA) and Microsoft Excel^® (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA), respectively. Results: The measurements that most strongly influenced the separation of the groups were related to the labial/buccal region. In general, the data showed low standard deviations, which differed by less than 10% from the measured mean values, demonstrating that the digital stereophotogrammetry technique was reproducible. Conclusion: The impact of spontaneous smiles on the facial image comparison process should be considered, and digital stereophotogrammetry provided good reproducibility.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2023

Stature is an essential component of biological profile analysis since it determines an individual's physical identity. Long bone dimensions are generally used to estimate the stature of skeletal remains; however, non-long bones such as the sternum, cranium, and sacrum may be necessary for some forensic situations. This study aimed to generate a regression equation for stature estimation of the skeletal remains in the Thai population. Ten measurements of the sacrum were measured from 200 dry sacra. The results revealed that the maximum anterior breadth (MAB) provided the most accurate stature prediction model among males (correlation coefficient [r]=0.53), standard error of estimation (SEE=5.94 cm), and females (r=0.48, SEE=6.34 cm). For the multiple regression model, the best multiple regression models were stature equals 41.2+0.374 (right auricular surface height [RASH])+1.072 (anterior-posterior outer diameter of S₁ vertebra corpus [APOD])+0.256 (dorsal height [DH])+0.417 (transverse inner diameter of S₁ vertebra corpus [TranID])+0.2 (MAB) with a SEE of 6.42 cm for combined sex. For males, stature equals 63.639+0.478 (MAB)+0.299 (DH)+0.508 (APOD) with a SEE of 5.35, and stature equals 75.181+0.362 (MAB)+0.441 (RASH)+0.132 (maximum anterior height [MAH]) with a SEE of 5.88 cm for females. This study suggests that regression equations derived from the sacrum can be used to estimate the stature of the Thai population, especially when a long bone is unavailable.

• 해부∙생물인류학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2018

사람의 키는 당사자가 갖고 있는 고유한 생물학적 특질이기 때문에 어떤 사람의 신원을 특정하고자 할 때 유용한 단서로 활용할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 범죄 사건이나 재난 상황이 발생한 경우 신원 불상 피해자의 신원을 확인하기 위해 표준화된 절차에 따라 키를 추정한다. 하지만 키를 추정하는 절차나 방법이 올바르지 않다면 추정된 키의 정확도는 낮을 수밖에 없다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 발견된 백골 변사자에 대한 법의인류학적 감정 내용 가운데 키 추정을 위해 사용되는 방법의 적정성을 검토하고 키 추정치의 정확도를 높일 수 있는 방법들을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 국립과학수사연구원에 의뢰된 560건의 백골 변사자에 대한 부검 결과를 검토하였고, 구체적인 논의를 위해 고(故) 유병언씨(이하 '유씨'로 칭함)의 키 추정 사례를 이용하였다. 유씨의 키는 Trotter (1970)의 공식 가운데 표준오차가 더 적은 종아리뼈 공식이 있음에도 불구하고 넙다리뼈 공식을 이용해 추정됐다. 추정 결과를 보고하는데 있어서 '표준오차(standard error)'를 '오차구간'으로 간주함으로써 추정치의 범위를 지나치게 좁게 제시했다. 또, 나이듦에 따른 키 감소분을 고려하지 않았기 때문에 부검감정서 상의 유씨의 키는 사망 당시의 키가 아닌 생전 당시의 최고 키라고 해석하는 게 타당하다. 마지막으로, 한국인 여성의 키를 추정하기 위해 백인 여성 공식을 사용하게 되면 실제보다 키를 작게 추정할 가능성이 높다. 키 추정의 정확도를 높이기 위해 해부학적 방법을 고려할 필요가 있다. 만약 해부학적 방법의 적용이 곤란한 경우라면 한국인 자료를 이용해 개발된 공식을 적용하는 게 바람직하다. 1980년대 이후 한국인 자료를 이용해 키를 추정할 수 있는 방법들이 다수 개발됐다. 한국인을 대상으로 한 공식을 적용해 변사자의 키를 보다 정확히 추정한다면 향후 한국에서 발견된 변사자의 신원 확인 가능성 또한 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2000

On human chromoscomes, a short sequence of DNA is known to repeat a number of times. These are called variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) or short tandem respeat (STR) which has a short core. VNTR and STR are used in the filed of forensic science, evolution, and anthropology. In this work, we examined allele frequencies of one VNTR (YNZ22) and three STRs (NeuR, D21S11, Humth01) in a korean population sample by polymerase chain reaction (RCP) followed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (PAGE) with silver stain. Subsequently, the polymorphism information content (PIC) was calculated : the hifhest PIC was observed in the NeuR locus (0.95680) and lowest in the Humth01 locus (0.75809).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.607-612
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• 2019

The aim of this parasitological study is examining contemporary (the late 20th century) specimens of the arctic or subarctic areas in Western Siberia and comparing them with the information acquired from archaeological samples from the same area. In the contemporary specimens, we observed the parasite eggs of 3 different species: Opisthochis felineus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Enterobius vermicularis. Meanwhile, in archaeoparasitological results of Vesakoyakha, Kikki-Akki, and Nyamboyto I burial grounds, the eggs of Diphyllobothrium and Taenia spp. were found while no nematode (soil-transmitted) eggs were observed in the same samples. In this study, we concluded helminth infection pattern among the arctic and subarctic peoples of Western Siberia throughout history as follows: the raw fish-eating tradition did not undergo radical change in the area at least since the 18th century; and A. lumbricoides or E. vermicularis did not infect the inhabitants of this area before 20th century. With respect to the Western Siberia, we caught glimpse of the parasite infection pattern prevalent therein via investigations on contemporary and archaeoparasitological specimens.