• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.233-236
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• 2020

A five-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever presented with right forelimb lameness one day earlier. Radiographs and computed tomography of the right shoulder joint revealed conspicuous enthesophytes, bone cyst, and bone fragment at the intertubercular groove. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a loss of continuity of the biceps tendon and inhomogeneous hyperintense signal of the surrounding soft tissue and moderate synovial fluid on T2- and proton density-weighted images with contrast enhancement on the postcontrast T1-weighted images. The dog was diagnosed with tenosynovitis and biceps tendon rupture with osteoarthritis based on a comprehensive evaluation of the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.584-587
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• 2023

Polymelia is an extremely rare congenital anomaly where an individual is born with an abnormally developed extra or supernumerary limb which is generally shrunken and functionless. A case of thoracomelia (a type of polymelia) was observed macroscopically and confirmed radiologically in 1.5 years old boy born in Nepal with an abnormal supernumerary upper limb attached to his back in the thoracic region. The limb was successfully amputated, and the boy had a favorable outcome after surgical treatment, without any adverse effects or impairment. Understanding the embryogenesis of thoracomelia is essential for unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying this condition and potentially aiding in early diagnosis and intervention. This case report and review aims to shed light on the intricate processes governing forelimb formation and their perturbations leading to thoracomelia.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the individual size and age of Kaloula borealis, a pair in amplexus. In June 2013, the total 23 pairs of Kaloula borealis were captured in the wetland located in Seongsan-eup and Daejeong-eup, Jeju Island. Size and age of each individual have been examined and as a result of analyzing SVL (snout-vent length), weight, length of forelimb and hindlimb of the collected 23 pairs, the females were shown to have the heavier weight and the longer SVL and hindlimb compared to males. No significant difference in the length of forelimb has been found between the female and the male. The average age of the male of the pair in amplexus was shown to be $5.17{\pm}0.26$, whereas the female was shown to be $6.22{\pm}0.28$, which indicates the higher average age in female compared to the male. The age range of Kaloula borealis was distributed from at least 3 years to 10 years at the maximum. A positive correlation was shown between age of the male and SVL; however, no significant difference was found in female. This study result expected to be utilized as an important base data in establishing the preservation and restoration strategy of endangered species, Kaloula borealis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.449-453
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• 2017

A 3-year-old castrated male Maltese dog, weighing 4.8 kg was referred with hindlimb ataxia and right forelimb proprioceptive deficits were shown for 20 months. Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia diagnosed through MRI at a local animal hospital and Knuckling of right forelimb and reluctance to walk were managed with steroid. The medical management was getting ineffective to manage for the symptoms one month before referred. Physical and neurological examinations, radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed and diagnoses of caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS) and subsequent syringomyelia (SM) were made. Given that pharmacological treatment was previously ineffective, surgical intervention was recommended. Foramen magnum decompression with duraplasty using $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ was performed. Three days post-surgery, the dog showed improved gait and activity. After 2 months, the dog received no additional prescription medications. At the 12-month follow-up after surgery, the dog showed no clinical problems or recurrences, despite complete cessation of pharmacological treatment. In present report, we applied $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ as a dural graft has been carried out in a dog with COMS. Surgical decompression with $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ was an effective long-term (12-month) treatment for COMS without the need for any pharmacological treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.146-149
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• 2013

A 6-month-old, intact male Great Pyrenees (35 kg) was referred with 2 weeks continuous left forelimb lameness to the Chonbuk Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary medicine, Chonbuk National University. The lameness became worse three days before being referred to the hospital. Upon the physical examination, the patient had pain when the left shoulder joint was palpated, and the lameness was visible in the left forelimb during ambulation on gait examination. There were no remarkable findings on radiological and neurological examination. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) was suspected based on medical history and gait tests. As a definitive diagnosis could not be made, exploratory arthroscopic surgery was performed to examine the inside of the shoulder joint. During the operation, mild bicipital tenosynovitis, synovitis and OCD which was located on the caudal medial area of humeral head were revealed. Arthroscopic procedures were used for the treating OCD, including the removal of the OCD flap and debriding of the subchondral defect until hemorrhaging by use of an electrical burr. The patient was discharged a day after surgery. After 2 weeks, the patient again presented at the hospital due to complications, including inflammation of the surgical lesion because of licking and seroma within the subcutaneous tissue. Antibiotics were administered and an aseptic bandage was applied. And simple surgical operations were performed for the removal of the cyst and seroma. Eleven weeks following arthroscopy, the lameness was completely resolved. Arthroscopy has the advantage of allowing gross examination inside the joint capsule. Due to this advantage, arthroscopy is one of the best advanced options for diagnosis in dogs with undiagnosed joint pain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.98-100
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• 2015

A 10-year-old intact female Chihuahua weighing 2 kg was presented for complaint of forelimb lameness with non-weight bearing posture. Greater tubercle was palpated medial to its normal location on palpation and crepitation was intermittent with manipulation. On radiographic examination, left medial scapulohumeral joint luxation was found. Bilateral medial patellar luxations also were found and evaluated as grade III. Surgically, the medial scapulohumeral joint luxation was reduced with transposition of the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. The patient's gait became normal and non-weight bearing posture was resolved at 6 weeks postoperatively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.394-398
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• 2013

An 3-year-old female Thoroughbred horse was referred with moderate lameness (3/5G) and mild heat on right hoof of forelimb. She was diagnosed with white line disease (WLD) that was included hoof wall separation by radiographic examination and hoof percussion. Treatment was carried out hoof wall resection at first, followed by disinfection of affected hoof and shod modified heart bar. On the re-examination after 4 months, we could find a results which had no lameness, gas pocket in the white line and clinical signs was improved. Subsequently, she was trained and raced after 8 months of diagnosis. So, we supposed that resection of wall and therapeutic shoeing was good for WLD including hoof separation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to construct fundamental information for the usefulness and effects of thermography in Thoroughbred horses. total 10 horses were examined to determine a normal thermal pattern before and after sedation in lower limbs and ophthalmic area, and to investigate the effects of thermography during 42 days after induced wound and arthritis. In normal horses, the range of temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) of symmetry site in lower limbs was 0.20 to $0.68^{\circ}C$ on pre-sedation, which was simillar to that of post sedation, 0.17 to $0.74^{\circ}C$, and eyeball area was 0.34 to $0.68^{\circ}C$. Thermographically, the warmest area in normal limbs were coronary band of frontal view and the region between heel bulbs of back view. And temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) after clipping in left forelimb was increased 1 to $3^{\circ}C$ more than before clipping. However, there was no significant change of the temperature difference and degree of clinical signs by the process of inflammation healing during the experiment period in the all groups. These results suggest that the thermography was especially helpful in following clinical course of a disease because the thermal pattern will return to normal with declining clinical signs and healing of the lesion.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.467-475
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• 2003

This studt was investigated to prove the effect of GMYM on the brain damage. The results were as follows; 1. GMYM showed significantly inhibitory effect on LDH release by NMDA. AMPA and Kinate. 2. GMYM showed significantly inhibitory effect on LDH release by BSO and Fe2+. 3. GMYM decreased coma duration time in a infatal dose of KCN and showed 30% of survival rate in a fatal dose. 4. GMYM showed improvement of forelimb and hindlimb test after MCA occulusion in neurological exemination. 5. GMYM decreased ischemic area and edema incited by the MCA blood flow block. These results indicate that GMYM can be used in the brain damage sujected to brain ischemia. Further study will be needed about the functional mechanism and etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2002

A stillborn bovine male fetus with abdominal distention, arthrogryposis and atresia ani was presented for diagnostic evaluation. At necropsy, this fetus had a large amount of ascites, urachal obstruction and marked bladder distention. The ventral surface of the bladder had ruptured and attached to the abdominal wall by fibrinous adhesions. There was bilateral hydronephrosis with moderate pelvic dilatation and cortical attenuation. The rectum was filled with meconium but the anus was imperforate. The right forelimb was contracted. The cause(s) of these abnormalities could not be determined; however, we believe that developmental abnormalities during embryogenesis may be the result of chromosomal abnormalities. This report is the first to report congenital urachal obstruction in this species.