• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.324-336
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• 2007

Throughout the twentieth century, American furniture was subject to a number of influences-both domestic and foreign. Especially, in the first half of the twentieth century, there were strong foreign influences compare to the later half of the century. Therefore, this study aimed for discussing foreign influences and for addressing issues such as attitudes toward materials, ornamentation, and technology. As a result, this study suggests how American furniture becomes instinctive moving away from strong foreign influences from the second half of the century. The twentieth century was a period of rapid and dynamic change for American furniture design. In many ways, the designs throughout the century were reflective of the social, political, and economic culture of the time. With the birth of the modern movement in Europe and a strong influx of foreign immigrants, American design in the first half of the century was characterized by a reliance on European and foreign influences. However, after the two world wars, strong domestic influences came into play. The two world wars provided the essential catalysts for change: new materials, developing technology, and changes in life style and consumer values. A historical examination of design trends and individual designers illustrates how American furniture design evolved during this period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.173-184
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• 1999

In the Tan dynasty it cultural style was very international and its culture actively absorbed other foreign culture. Moreover it was the time when the concept of barbarians(胡, hu) was applied widely and its culture got the tremendous influence from other foreign culture The influence from the barbarians were tremendous in Tang dynasty so that among the ten elements of the Sipbuak(十部樂) in Tang period only ChungSangAk(淸商樂, Qingshangyue) and YenAk(燕樂, Yenyue) were from their own Chinese culture(漢, Han). I wanted to discuss the influences of the Barbarians cultures on the dancing costumes in Tang period for it appeared to me that especially the dancing costume with the introduction of new foreign dances and their distinct styles in costumes would make a great impact on the dressing styles in Tang dynasty On the dancing costumes in tang dynasty we dan find the strong influences by the Barbarian style(胡風, hufeng), and even the authentic Chinese dressing styles of han period appear to be change quite a bit.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2021

Multinational enterprises have adopted the form of business to successfully operate globally, and the overseas project has brought huge cultural exchange and penetration. The cultural liberalization also has improved the manufactured goods production and effect the consumers' purchase intentions. In this paper we focused on the influence factors that effected the cultural output, by investigating the actual consume market, using Structure Equation model(SEM model) to test the relationships among cultural preferences and purchase intentions of foreign products. Also, we evaluated the consumers' ethnocentrism's influences on cultural identity with other nations' cultural background. Lastly, we concluded that cultural identity has influences and complicate individual thoughts and purchase actions, it provides significance of impact of nation's soft power and whole economic development, and ethnocentrism has no significant influences on consuming foreign manufacture goods.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically investigates the effects of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on the economic activities of private actors in recipient countries. As a proxy for the economic activities of private actors, we utilize the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. The foreign subsidiaries provide a foundation for economic development by creating paying jobs. That is, if ODA has been successfully transferred to foreign subsidiaries, then these foreign subsidiaries should help economic growth and help create a boom in the local market by providing jobs. These jobs eventually lead to the achievement of the primary aims of foreign aid, including poverty reduction. Thus, this study empirically examines the relationship between ODA and the number of jobs created by foreign subsidiaries in recipient countries. Design/methodology - This is the first study to examine the effects of the ODA on the job creation of foreign subsidiaries because it has been hard to obtain internal information related to the employment status of foreign subsidiaries. Fortunately, we have a unique panel dataset provided by the Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) for 2006 to 2013. In terms of the empirical specification, we use the generalized least squares (GLS) method. The panel GLS estimator allows us to have an efficient estimation that overcomes the limitations of the panel data. It employs assumptions about the heteroscedasticity between the panels and makes an autocorrelation of the error term within each panel. Findings - We find that ODA influences job creation in foreign subsidiaries. In particular, we found that ODA creates more jobs in sales than in managerial or production positions. This study also shows that the effect of the ODA on the foreign subsidiaries' job creation activities depend on the purpose of the ODA. By examining ODA effects on the foreign subsidiaries' economic activities (e.g., job creation), this study fills a gap in the current literature. Originality/value - Existing studies that focus on the ODA effect have either a macroeconomic point or a microeconomic point of view. However, both approaches do not explain how well foreign aid has influenced private economic actors of recipient countries. In essence, previous researchers found it difficult to obtain the necessary data for internal employment status from foreign subsidiaries. However, thanks to the Korea Export-Import Bank, this study shows that ODA indeed influences the job creation activities of foreign subsidiaries even after controlling for other factors such as FDI, GDP growth rate, employment rate, household expenditure, mother firms' share, etc. By doing so, we can examine how ODA influences the job creation of foreign subsidiaries, which might help economic development and reduce the amount of poverty in recipient countries.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1984

The paper aimed to review the influences of ginseng on the metabolism of foreign substances and on the activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme system in mouse or rat liver. It has been known that ginseng components reduces the motality rates and the toxic effects induced by foreign materials. Chronic pretreatment of mouse or rat with ginseng extract fractions or saponin caused the increase in the metabolism of foreign materials and the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome $P_{450}$, NADPH cytochrome C reductase and glucuronyl S-transferase in liver. Thus, it may be concluded that decrease in toxic effect of foreign substances by ginseng pretreatment may be partly related to the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

An extensive body of research on the effects of country-of-origin has emerged in the international marketing and business literature streams. Nonetheless, extant studies do not satisfactorily demonstrate whether and how a foreign firm's choice of market entry mode influences consumers' purchase intentions of its product in country-related affect contexts. Using a survey and an experimental design, we aimed to provide evidence of the effects of the choice on consumers' evaluation and attitude of its product in an animosity context and in a national image context. Through the survey, we collected data regarding consumer animosity, national image, product evaluation, and product attitude from 185 university students and tested the hypotheses that consumer animosity and national image have effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude. The results of the survey research show that personal animosity has a negative effect on consumers' evaluation of foreign products and that a country's image regarding economics has positive effects on consumers' attitude toward foreign products as well as consumers' evaluation of foreign products. In the experimental design, we divided subjects into four groups and exposed them to several descriptions of hypothetical purchase situations. Conducting a 2 (market entry modes)${\times}2$ (country-of-origin) ANOVA, we tested the hypothesis that a market entry mode influences foreign product evaluation and attitude. The results of the experimental study reveal that in a high country-related product association (Germany), market entry modes have insignificant effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude. In addition, in a low country-related product association (China), international partnership has more positive effects on foreign product evaluation and attitude than does exporting.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper examines whether foreign aid influences public sector efficiency in policy areas of administration, education, and stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study uses panel data of 77 aid recipient developing countries over the period 2000-2020 and employs various panel data techniques to estimate. Results: We found that a percentage change in foreign aid increases administrative efficiency by 0.02 to 0.04 on average ceteris paribus in the short run. On the other hand, a percentage increase in foreign aid decreases education efficiency by 0.005 to 0.006 on average. While the impact of foreign aid on the policy area of stability is insignificant. Conclusions: The empirical results of this study have important implications for both donors and aid recipient countries. It suggests that to get positive influence from foreign aid, in the area of education and stability, the recipient countries need to increase accessibility of secondary schools with quality education especially; technical and vocational. Also, the donor should provide a minimum threshold amount of foreign aid to developing countries for reforming the institutions' capacity building.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2013

Culture has played a pivotal role in fashion from time immemorial. The objective of this research is to explore the power of cultural affiliation in fashion. The selected study setting is the Kandyan Kingdom of Sri Lanka. The Kandyan Kingdom of Sri Lanka lasted almost 3 1/2 centuries from 1474-1815. The whole period faced different foreign cultural forces. As a result of such diverse cultural influences the Kandyan dress showed a hybrid formation of Western and South Indian and Sinhalese traditional sartorial features. Sewing techniques and unsewn dress arrangement methods were mixed together. The dress became an amazing blend of Eastern and Western dress items. They combined different aspects of foreign dress together to yield a unique result. The analysis comprises observational study of actual descriptions made by observer- participants, historical records, murals of the period review of ancient literature and research papers relevant to the subject. Reliability of the data was ensured. The pictorial data were cross checked from different literary sources. Many original sources were used. Results: Culture and fashion have strong interconnection. When features of culture change, trends of fashion are gradually correspondingly changed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-154
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• 2002

Foreign investors'shares and their influences on the Korean stock market have never been larger and greater before since the market was completely open to foreign investors in 1992 Quantitatively and qualitatively as well, as a result, changes in the patterns of foreign investments have caused enormous effects on the interactions of major macroeconomic indices of the Korean economy. This paper is intended to investigate the causal relations of the four variables, foreigners'buy-sell ratios, stock returns, ￦/＄ exchange rates and $\yen$/＄ exchange rates, over the two time periods of the pre-IMF (1996.1.1-1997.8.15) and the post-IMF (1997.8.16-2000.6.15) based on the daily data of the variables. Granger Causality Test, Forecast Error Variance Decomposition(FEVD) using VAR model and Impulse Response Function were implemented for the empirical analysis.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

This study identifies how marital interaction influences the marital instability of foreign wives. Data for the study were based on a snowball sampling of 101 foreign wives married to Korean husbands in Gyeongnam, Korea. The respondents reported higher levels of perceived spousal support, marital satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction, but reported lower levels of spousal hostility. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables that affect marital instability. Independent variables included in the study were years married, religion, monthly income, educational level, perceived husband support, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and perceived husband hostility. While religion, educational level, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and perceived husband hostility had a strong effects on the marital instability of foreign wives, years of marriage, monthly income, and perceived husband support did not show significant effect on marital instability. Marital satisfaction had the strongest effect on marital instability.