• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.299-321
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze export competitiveness of Korean auto parts and Chinese auto parts in U.S. market by using Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. For attaining the purpose of study, we classified the auto parts which exported to U.S. market and the imported products by using the six units classification of the Harmonized System(HS). Analyzing period was 1998-2005. The analysis of Korean results of MCA indicated that the Korean auto parts which gained export competitiveness in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.94, 8708.99, 8708.92. The products which will have export competitiveness in the U.S. market would be HS Code No. 8708.93, 8708.39, 8708.60 respectively. On the other hand, the results indicated that the Chinese auto parts which gained export competitiveness in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.70, 8708.31, 8708.91, 8708.60, 8708.39. From this study, we find the following strategies for successful advancing into the U.S. and world market. i) Linking strategy through working cooperation with local auto firms, government and academic world. ii) Advance strategy of auto firm accompany by module working and system auto parts firm. iii) Retention strategy of large technical institution established by auto parts firms and taking cooperation of auto firms iv) Settlement strategy for having weaken competitive article and production field. v) Cost-cutting strategy through strengthening logistics cooperation system between auto parts firms and auto firms. vi) Active invitation strategy of foreign investment under quickly cooperating of government.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1987

본문은 불포화토나 구석등에 이용할 수 있는 Cap-model을 필자들이 개발하고 있는 범용프로그램에 수음하여 FEM해석한 결과를 보인 것이다. Cap.model은 발표당시부터 그 유용성이 인정되고 있으나 입력데 필요한 토질매개변수와 그 확정이 어렵고 또한 해석방법이 알려져 있지 않는 상태에서 소프트 웨어 상태로 각 연구자에 의해 보존 되고 있다. 필자들은 이 모델을 이미 발표한 바 있는 범용 프로그램에 의해 상식적으로 연산할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 Cap-model의 알고리즘을 개발하여 이를 입력하므로써 Desai 등이 발표한 결과와 매우 근접한 결과를 얻었다. 아직은 정도면에서 좀더 보완을 요하지만 성취가능성이 보이고 있어 앞으로는 토질매개변수의 간 략화의 연구와 더불어 보다 더 완전한 범용프로그램의 완성을 기하고자 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2011

In response to complexity and diversity of a social phenomenon, the dispute also is various, therefore can not be settled efficiently by means of court adjudication to which applies a law strictly. To overcome such problems we are going to seek to make use of arbitration. According to Korean Arbitration Act Art. 3 (1), any dispute in private laws would be the object of arbitral proceedings. It could be the object of arbitral proceedings that disputes which are capable of a settlement by arbitration. It is a matter for debate that disputes containing punitive damages may be resolved by arbitration. This problem is concerning the arbitrability of the subject-matter of a dispute. To offer some solution to these issues, it is necessary to inquire into the nature of punitive damages. the policy and function of alimony, the fair apportionment of a loss. Moreover, international relations formed with international transactions should be considered. Punitive damages would be the object of arbitral proceedings as the dipute in private laws. When punitive damages pursue only punishment in the domestic arbitration that there is not foreign factors, arbitral tribunal could not make arbitral award containing punitive damages. However, if punitive damages are admitted under the rules applicable to substance of dispute, and there is the arbitration agreement in which is implied that the parties agree to submit to an arbitral award, arbitral tribunal could make arbitral award containing punitive damages in international arbitration. When it is questionable whether it is offend against our public policy or not, that we accept the effect of arbitral award containing punitive damages, and we admit the enforcement of it, we have to take the nature of punitive damages, the policy and function of alimony, the fair apportionment of a loss and the stability of international transactions into consideration.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2008

At its thirty-ninth session(New York, 19 June - 7 July 2006), United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(hereinafter referred to as the Commission) agreed to give priority to the topic of revising the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. From the forty-fifth through the forty-seventh session, the Working Group checked various issues based on the draft revised version of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules prepared by the Secretariat. At its forty-eighth session, the Working Group is going to finish its first reading of articles 38 to 41 of the draft revised version of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, and to commence its second reading of the draft revised version of UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. Korea is keen on enticing foreign direct investment into its territory. From the 1960s, Korea has concluded more than 80 BITs. Korea is making efforts to conclude FTAs with its trading partners. As of January, 2008, 3 FTAs have taken into effect with respect to Korea. According to provisions on dispute settlement found in such BITs and FTAs involving Korea, the Rules can be chosen for Investor-State Arbitration. Furthermore, the Rules is followed by the arbitration rules for domestic and international arbitrations administered by the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board. If the Commission adopts the revised version of UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, the Rules will be able to give impact on the arbitration law and practice around the world of arbitration. That is the reason why we should keep attention to the development of the deliberations of the Working Group.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2009

China and Taiwan had opened complete Three Linkages era December 2008, in the 59 years. The improvement of two countries' relationship is expecting to spur two countries more on the economy exchange. However the increasement of investment and trade between two countries will increase disputes to ratio. In order to settle the disputes related to economy between two countries, the most favorite way is to use arbitral system which involve less public power. After China and Taiwan recognized this point, they announced provisions which allow to solve controversies through the arbitration between parties of two countries since 1980, and prepared legal basis for dispute settlement between two countries. However, because China and Taiwan do not authorize each party as a country, the execution application made by each party based on New York Convention related to foreign arbitral awards cannot be approved. Because of these kind of reasons China and Taiwan should agree in order to guarantee mutual execution of arbitral awards which is an ultimate purpose of arbitration. However because of the political situation of two countries there are provisions related to execution for arbitral awards decided by each party. In this paper, I separated the provision related to mutual execution for arbitral awards of each party of China and Taiwan, examined exposed problems, and suggested ways to improve. It can support some of assistance and implication to establish basis of arbitral system between South Korea and North Korea and to suggest direction to derive through this kind of study.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.83-93
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• 1986

This study is aimed at providing guidelines to settle unified terminologies that can be used in education, industry and factories by identifying the problems in the use of complicated terminologies concerning manufacture of western costumes. The results of the study reveal that educational terminologies tend to be more Korean languages whereas the terminologies used in practice consist of main streams of Japanese words which were transmitted erroneously, thus causing barriers of communication between the two fields, being same points to be called differently and being the terminologies pertinent to Korean costumes mistakenly used for western costumes. The confusion of use of professional terminologies is significant problem to be sotted in view point not only of the economic aspects of low productivity but also of the settlement and transmission of Korean culture. Therefore, the administrative measures are badly in need to solve all these problems. The following points are recommended to solve these problems on the basis of the findings of this study. 1) In principle the mistakenly transmitted Japanese words and the mixed up terminologies should be Koreanized, but those words for which there are no proper Korean words and complicated words difficult to commumicate can be replaced by the standardized pronunciation of the original words. 2) The words for Korean costumes which are mistakenly used for western costumes should be expressed by the standard of western costumes. 3) The readily localized foreign terminologies had better be used as they are. 4) The variety of terminologies indicating same points should be Koreanized in unification to best express the true meaning of the original words. 5) The misspelled Korean words and the dialect of Korean words should be standardized.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.213-233
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• 2005

A letter of credit is the best settlement among various means of payments until now. A letter of credit plays very important roles in rational and smooth international trade. Letter of credit is usually used in international trade. But many people have to prepare a lot of transport documents in order to transact with L/C. Therefore, the transactions will be happened to delay in international trade very often. Owing to the EDI, international trade will be materialized with electronic business of E-commerce. If we transact with the electronic documents, it will be reduced the time very much in international trade. Generally speaking, all relating parties transact with L/C complying with UCP, but there are no ruling articles about electronic documents in UCP. If all parties want to transact with electronic documents in global business, UCP has to contain the electronic provisions. So, ICC published eUCP on 2002. The purpose of the study was to analyze original electronic papers and provisions through foreign precedents in UCP and eUCP. If we want to exchange the electronic document, the UCP provisions about electronic documents would be revised as follows: UCP provision 20(b) would be revised, “Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, banks have to accept as an original documents, a documents produced or appearing to have been produced: (i)by reprographic, automated or computerized systems (ii)as carbon copies,; provided that it is marked as original and, where necessary, appears to be signed. A document may be signed by handwriting, by facsimile signature, by perforated signature by symbol, or by any other mechanical or electronic method of authentication."

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.97-119
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• 2008

The reluctance of Latin American countries to practice international arbitration is not a new topic in international law. This reluctance historically based on Calvo Doctrine provoked not only the absence of Latin American countries from the major international commercial arbitration conventions, but obsolete national arbitration legislation. Recently, however, these countries have undertaken major steps showing that the region is no longer reluctant to practice international commercial arbitration. Most Latin American countries have ratified the 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards ("New York Convention"), the 1965 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes ("Washington Convention") and the 1975 Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration ("Panama Convention"). The majority of Latin American countries have also modified and adapted their national legislation on arbitration to the UNCITRAL model law. Even judiciary has been following this pro-arbitration. This article will focus on some of these factors provoking the acceptance of international commercial arbitration in Latin America to trace the common trends and characteristics in an attempt to understand better how international arbitration set on its place firmly. For this purpose we selected five countries, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela, to analyse legislations and jurisprudence. Latin America is ready to challenge any obstacles to promote arbitration as alternative methods of judicial resolution. There is an ever-increasing number of international arbitration in Latin America. Both practitioners and judiciary have shown desires to promote the resolution of disputes by arbitration and used the legal instruments to ensure that process interpreting and applying legislations for pro-arbitration. Even there remains Calvo Doctrine's culture in Latin America still now, it should be certain this culture will disappear from the conduct of international arbitration.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.43-62
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• 2004

The present study reviewed the meanings of mediation and the roles of mediators, and examined the necessities of online mediation system, prerequisites for the settlement of the system, foreign cases of promoting online mediation and the current state of online mediation in Korea. It also identified problems in the mediation system in Korea and, based on the analysis of problems, discussed directions for the development of Korean mediation system in broad perspective. Directions for the development of Korean online mediation system suggested in this study can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the government must make an unsparing investment in order to activate online mediation system in Korea. Secondly, from the aspect of online mediation procedure, it is necessary to introduce online mediation system in combination with online seal system or certification marks. Thirdly, the judicial circle must take an amicable attitude toward ADR system and, furthermore, it is necessary for the court to be active in introducing various ADR systems. Fourthly, it is necessary to establish an integrated mediation system for the efficiency of mediation and cost saving. Fifthly, mediators must be provided with systematic and exhaustive periodical retraining programs. Lastly, it is necessary to help people to recognize that mediation system is a better service than other forms of dispute resolution procedure and particularly to enhance users' confidence in online mediation through advertising its advantages and safety. Moreover, in order to make e-commerce-related online dispute resolution available to everybody, it is necessary to overcome language barriers by establishing perfect service systems including automatic translation system in the governmental dimension.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.591-598
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• 2020

2020년 2월 COVID-19의 1차 대유행 이후 국내외적으로 원격의료에 대한 수요가 크게 증가하였고, 이에 대부분의 국가에서는 원격의료 관련 규제를 완화하였다. 우리나라 역시 2월 이후 한시적으로 '비대면진료'라는 이름으로 원격의료를 허용하고 있다. 원격의료는 만성질환 관리에 매우 효과적이고 정보통신기술의 발전에 따라 적용 가능한 진료과목이 점차 확대되고 있어, 의료서비스 질 향상 및 새로운 진료모형의 창출에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 원격의료 참여를 매개로 한 의료공급자 간 차별화 효과를 낳을 수 있고 이는 대형병원 쏠림의 왜곡된 의료서비스산업구조의 문제점을 더욱 악화시킬 우려가 있다. 따라서 일차 진료기관을 중심으로 한 만성질환 관리 주치의제도의 정착을 통해 원격의료의 확대와 지역의료기반의 안정화를 동시에 도모하고, 상급종합병원 및 외국인환자유치기관에 대해서는 재외국민과 외국인 대상 원격의료 제공 능력을 지원하는 이원적 지원 정책 추진이 필요하다.