• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.401-412
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• 2022

Children will present phobic psychology in the special environment in hospital. Therefore, children's psychological emotions should be taken into account in the construction of the hospital environment. After that, the three stages and seven emotional factors which stimulate children's emotions will be summarized and applied to the graphic performance in children's hospitals, so as to alleviate children's fear. Plus, through the analysis of domestic and foreign cases, the graphic representation types of children's hospitals are divided into modern design, illustration design, three-dimensional design, interactive design, and these emotional factors are integrated into the graphic representation for evaluation. Here comes the evaluation results: there are little or no emotional factors in modern design; there are less emotional factors in illustration design and three-dimensional design due to less feelings and experiences. However, the results show that children feel much better from all aspects because there are more emotional factors with the help of interactive design. Based on the above evaluation results, here comes the graphic design guidelines for children's hospital waiting room.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2021

Public rental apartment is increasing due to the needs and changes of the times, but there is a lack of advancement in terms of management. As asset management in domestic buildings still remains unchanged from the concept of repair after failure or breakdown, social cost reduction is needed through the introduction of the concept of asset management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the management indicators for public rental housing asset management by identifying the concepts of domestic public rental housing asset management and the existing evaluation indicators through the consideration of domestic and foreign literature. To this end, this study identified the management factors presented overseas and analyzed the repair cases and history of domestic public rental housing to present sustainable management indicators suitable for domestic conditions. Through this, this study presented the basic direction for the management of rental housing as a public good in the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare effects of standards harmonization between technologically asymmetric countries, and to determine optimal harmonization strategies for a country with mid-level technological advancement. Design/methodology - Following Salop's circular city model (Salop, 1979), this study constructs a simple, horizontally-differentiated oligopoly model in which three firms and three countries exist. Each country adopts different compatibility standards and each firm incurs conversion costs for foreign market access due to differences in standards. The conversion costs are related to technology; standards harmonization removes these costs between participating countries. The paper considers three cases: i) no harmonization; ii) harmonization with the more technologically-advanced country and iii) harmonization with the less technologically-advanced country. Findings - The paper first considers a scenario in which all three firms occupy some share of the market in each country. It shows that standards harmonization with both the technologically moreor less-advanced country always increases consumer surplus and social welfare. In addition, the producer surplus will increase if the harmonization partner has a higher technology level, whereas it may decrease if the partner has a lower technology level. It also shows that if most domestic export goods are in sectors with conversion costs above a certain level, harmonizing standards with a technologically more-advanced country should be prioritized. Such strategies, moreover, should be emphasized when there exists a large technology gap among countries. Lastly, the paper considers another scenario, in which harmonization leads to the foreclosure of the non-member firm from the member countries' markets. It shows that harmonization improves the social welfare of a mid-level technology country regardless of its partner's technology. It also shows that the country should prioritize harmonization with the technologically less-advanced country. Originality/value - Though some of the existing studies consider the welfare effects of harmonization, their main assumption is that firms have the same conversion technology. Since complying with standards often requires substantial technological advancement and technical expertise, harmonization of compatibility standards between countries with gaps in technological ability carries different implications. This paper investigates the welfare effects of this harmonization and determines an optimal harmonization strategy while considering technological asymmetry among countries in standards compliance.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.159-180
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• 2022

Recently, services using metaverse in various fields are increasing, the technology is behind the metaverse is rapidly developing. Consequently, it is necessary to provide metaverse services in university libraries. Therefore, this study examined the status of using metaverse in domestic university libraries and the librarians response to it. To this end, the cases of foreign libraries and domestic university libraries were analyzed. Furthermore, an interview was conducted with nine librarians of the university library, who has running metaverse service, to collect data on the current status of the university library metaverse and perceptions of it to identify difficulties and requirements of running the service. Based on the results, it is proposing to get the differentiation of metaverse service, acquire professionals, activate education, expand the browsing feature, and select proper platforms as a way to vitalize the metaverse of domestic university libraries. It is expected that this study will help to running or planning the metaverse service of the university library.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.106-112
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore ways of improving the motor vehicles safety certification system in preparation for the deployment of Lv.4 or higher autonomous vehicles. In order to effectively achieve the objectives of this study, theoretical and empirical research methodologies were employed, including literature review of prior research, government-published data, etc.; comparative research on legislative cases of other countries regarding motor vehicles safety certification; historical and legal research on domestic systems; legal analysis to explore approaches for improvement, etc. Some argue that the type approval system is needed in preparation for deploying autonomous vehicles, but there are several limitations in moving to the type approval system from the self-certification system currently adopted in Korea. First, there is a possibility that the system may be in conflict with the Korea-U.S. MOU regarding Foreign Motor Vehicles (1988) and the Korea-U.S. FTA (2011); second, there is a risk of undermining the cause of the self-certification system, which is the autonomy of manufacturers; third, the boundary between autonomous vehicles and non-autonomous vehicles is unclear; and fourth, the type approval system may hinder technological competitiveness. On the other hand, considering that the Korea-U.S. FTA and the UNECE IWVTA recognize exceptions to deal with road safety and risks to human health or the environment, and have a pre-certification system for some auto parts such as pressure-resistant containers, it can be said that there is room to introduce the type approval system for supplementation purposes. To improve the motor vehicles safety certification system while ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles of Lv.4 or higher, the targets of type approval should be defined and the criteria, procedures, etc. for type approval should be established. At the same time, the consistency between motor vehicle-related laws and harmonization with international standards need to be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

This study aims to introduce missile live-fire during the ship operational test and evaluation(T&E) as a means of verifying the integrated combat capability(ICC) of various systems installed on naval ships. The research method identified domestic and foreign T&E systems and cases, and reports related to ICC, which were written during the ship's design stage. As a result of research, Republic of Korea is not conducting the missile live-fire at the ship T&E stage due to the lack of relevant systems, while the U.S. is conducting it based on the mission-based T&E and the end-to-end test system. As a way to improve within the current domestic ship acquisition systems, the reaction time analysis, a quantitative analysis result of ICC calculated at the ship basic design stage, was proposed to be verified by missile live-fire during ship operational T&E.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

Vyshyvanka, the embroidered folk costume shirt of Ukraine, originated during the early reign of the Slavs, and currently, it is also called Ukrainian embroidery. In cases of Vyshyvanka embroidery expressed in apparel elements, it is necessary to research formative characteristics for expanding the visual aspect through the diversification of techniques, but also the aspect of the psychological meaning to Ukrainians. This study aims to consider Vyshyvanka as a unique embroidery technique, and also analyze the formative characteristics expressed in apparel elements. The study of Vyshyvanka embroidery expressed in apparel elements can present meaning to understanding the Ukrainian fashion. The image materials for the analysis of Vyshyvanka design, included work photos contained in literary materials and foreign online visual materials. The results of formatively analyzing the Vyshyvanka embroidery expressed in apparel are as follows. First, the Vyshyvanka embroidery expressed in apparel elements held an incantatory meaning, protecting wearers from getting easily invaded by evil spirits. Second, the Vyshyvanka patterns utilized symbolism that implied the incantatory meaning. Third, a single color was used for the embroidery. Lastly, materials like cotton, that are easy to embroider, were mostly used. The formative characteristics of Vyshyvanka embroidery expressed in apparel elements implied the community spirit, nature worship, and folk beliefs. As an attempt to understand the Ukrainian fashion, this study is significant in the aspect of expanding, widely utilizing, and expanding the range of understanding of Ukrainian fashion. Therefore, there should be more active researches on Ukrainian fashion, so Vyshyvanka can be more widely used as a design element.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2022

As a result of analyzing the domestic and foreign HACCP systems, advanced countries mandated HACCP system on all foods to strengthen food safety management and USA, EU and China do not apply small-scale HACCP system. Looking at the cases of food safety accidents in Korea and the non-compliance rate of HACCP certification evaluation by size, the accident rate of companies without HACCP certification was 31.2% higher than that of companies with HACCP certification. The nonconformity rate of food inspection standards was analyzed to be 89.0% higher than that of HACCP certification companies. Based on the international trend of food safety management and the frequency of food safety accidents, it is proposed to gradually expand the mandatory application of HACCP system in Korea to all foods, and to change the small-scale HACCP standard from less than 500 million Korean won or 21 employees to less than 500 million Korean won.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.148-151
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• 2022

Obstructive sialadenitis, one of the diseases that most frequently causes swelling and pain in the salivary glands, is mainly caused by structural obstructions. Sialolithiasis is the most frequent cause of the disease, and other causes include calculus formation, duct strictures, foreign bodies, and anatomical variations. Although there is a possibility that facial fillers directly block the salivary ducts, no cases of obstructive sialadenitis associated with them have been reported yet. We report the case of a 34-year-old female patient who complained of recurrent swelling and pain in the left buccal mucosa. She had undergone facial filler injection procedures on her facial area for cosmetic purposes several years before. Based on the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR sialography, she was diagnosed with obstructive sialadenitis due to facial fillers. Through this case, we should remember to obtain a thorough history including filler treatments in the case of parotid gland swelling. We also suggest proper utilization of advanced imaging such as MRI in evaluating the location of facial fillers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to improve the National Fire Mobilization Plan. This plan is a national-level comprehensive response system aimed to compensate for scarce firefighting resources and minimize damage from large-scale disasters that exceed the response limits of city and province firefighting forces. As such, relevant literature and domestic and foreign firefighting mobilization standards were reviewed, and simulations of firefighting mobilization were performed using the QGIS program to compare and analyze cases. Results showed that, as opposed to the current method of issuing mobilization orders by dividing resources according to city and province, recognizing the entire country as a single entity and prioritizing the mobilization of adjacent firefighting resources is more effective in terms of minimizing time and distance and more quickly securing resources. Regarding national firefighting mobilization, recognizing the country's firefighting resources as a whole will allow adjacent firefighting resources to be mobilized with priority. However, the mobilization-related limits of each region need to be set to respond to local disasters. Once the scale of mobilization is determined, a system that can quickly calculate how to mobilize firefighting resources based on location and distance can be established. Additionally, it is necessary to create an integrated management system so the central government can directly organize and mobilize local firefighting resources.