• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2017

Objectives: Radiation is one of the most important sources of free radical (such as reactive oxygen species) production, which plays an essential role in the etiology of over hundred diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate some immune parameters and hematological indices in healthy workers of the Radiology Department, University Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. Methods: The study was performed on 50 healthy workers: 30 radiology staff as the case group and 20 laboratory workers as the control group. The radiation dose received by the radiology staff participating in the study was less than the annual maximum permissible level, 50 millisievert. Hematological parameters, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were studied in both groups. Results: Among healthy radiology workers, the hematological indices did not differ statistically; however, their proliferation indices and $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels showed significant increases in parallel with decreases in the IL-4 levels as compared to controls. The immune system of workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation was found to be shifted from a Type 2 to a Type 1 response to promote cellular immunity. Conclusion: Based on our data, exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation may decrease the prevalence, frequency, and recurrence of various cancers and infectious diseases because of an increase in Th1-cell-based response, thus leading to more protection of the human body against tumor cells and foreign agents and possibly increased longevity. However, due to high rate of fluoroscopy use for interventional radiology, we suggest continuing research projects on radiation protection and hazards to prevent irreversible damage. As a recommendation, in future studies, radiology staff with a weakened immunity due to high radiation exposure should be considered as good choices to be treated using acupuncture techniques because acupuncture has been demonstrated to enhance the function and the number of immune cells.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 1975

This is a report on four cases of the lobar emphysema due to proximal bronchial obstruction in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, during the period of three and half years from 1972 to 1975. First case, a two years old male child was referred to our Department with the lobar emphysema of the lower lobe of the right lung with pneumonia. This emphysema was developed after aspiration of a piece of peanut. Bronchoscopy revealed that the bronchus of the right lower lobe was obstructed with the foreign body, however removal of the peanut through bronchoscope was not attempted because of corruption and softening of the peanut. The removal of the peanut by bronchotomy was performed after subsiding of acute phase of pulmonary infection. Postoperative course was uneventful and the emphysema was disappeared. Second case, a twenty months old female baby was referred to our Department with lobar emphysema of the lower lobe of the left lung. The emphysema was suddenly developed with coughing and dyspneic symptoms and the diagnosis was made roentgenologically. She gave a history of reccurrent infections of the respiratory tract after birth. Bronchoscopy showed an obstruction of the left main bronchus with the growing of fibrinous tissue on the bronchial mucosa. The protruded tissue in the left main bronchus taken out about O.8ml with biopsy forceps for histological examination. After this procedure, the emphysema of the left lung was disappeared. Histological finding was reported to be a chronic inflammatory granulation tissue. Third case, a two and half years old male child was referred to our Department with roentgenological lobar emphysema. Two weeks prior to admission he had an episode of sudden onset of coughing attack with dyspnea. Bronchoscopy revealed that the bronchus of the left lower lobe was obstructed with a mass which was strongly suspected of a neoplastic tissue. At operation, there was found a perforation of enlarged tuberculous lymph node in the bronchus of the left lower lobe and protrusion of granulation tissue into the bronchus. Ruptured orifice on themembranous wall of the left lower lobe bronchus was closed with interrupted suture after the" removal of a perforated tuberculous lymph node. Postoperative course was uneventful and antituberculous chemotherapy was given. Fourth case, a 47 years old man was admitted to our Department with the complaint of severe dyspnea of few months duration. Twenty years ago, he had a history of lung tuberculosis and was treated for many years. X-ray examination including tomography and bronchography revealed that the upper lobe of the right lung was destroyed with cavities, the lower lobe was completely shrunk, and the right middle lobe was strongly overdistended with narrowing bronchial trees. Differential bronchospirometry and lung scanning confirmed that the respiratory function of the affected lung was impaired almost totally. The value of the right lung was calculated on 6% of oxygen uptake, 1% of Minute volume, and 32% of vital capacity. The right pneumonectomy was performed under the careful consideration of anesthetic and surgical procedures. Postoperative course was uneventful and the respiratory function was improved nearly to the normal level.evel.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.298-310
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• 1976

A clinical analysis was performed on 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases experienced at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 20 year period from 1957 to 1976. Of 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases, there were 84 patients of esophagenal stenosis, 14 of esophageal perforation, 8 of esophageal atresia, 7 of achalasia, 2 of hiatal hernia, 2 of esophageal foreign body and one of esophageal diverticulum. Fifty-one patients were male and sixty-seven were female, and ages ranged from one day to sixty-four years with peak incidence in the age group of 20 to 29 years. All but one of the esophageal stenosis were caused by corrosive esophagitis and ages ranged from three to sixty-four years with peak incidence in third decade. Main symptoms of the esophageal stenosis were dysphagia, weight loss and chest pain in order and mostly began between one month and one year after ingestion of corrosive agents. Corrosive esophageal stenosis developed most frequently in middle one-third of the esophagus and about one-forth of them were diffuse. Operations were performed on 72 patients of esophageal stenosis of whom 26 patients had esophagocologastrostomy, 21 gastrostomy, 20 esophagogastrostomy, 4 esophagojejunogastrostomy and 2 pharyngogastrostomy. There were 5 deaths in the postoperative period, an operative mortality of 6.9 percent, and 20 patients had one or two complications; eight were anastomotic leaks, 6 gangrenes of replaced loop, 4 wound abscesses and others. The causes of the esophageal perforation were traumatic in 7 cases, caustics in 4 and spontaneous in 3, and the most frequent site of the perforation was lower one-third of the esophagus. Frequent symptoms of the esophageal perforation were pain, fever, dysphagia and dyspnea, and preoperatively there were mediastinitis in 8 cases, empyema in 7, lung abscess in 3 and others. All 14 patients of the esophageal perforation underwent operation: primary closure in 7 cases, drainage in 4, esophagogastrostomy in 2 and 'esophageal diversion in one. There were 4 postoperative deaths and 11 postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients. The duration of symptoms in achalasia was between 3 months and 25 years, with an average duration of 6. 2 years. Frequent symptoms of the achlasia esophagi were dysphagia, regurgitation, pain and weight loss in order. All 7 patients of achlasia underwent modified Heller's operation where 2 patients had complications, restenosis in one and esophageal perforation in another. All 8 patients of congenital esophageal atresia had distal tracheoesophageal fistula and were admitted within 5 days of life, but there were pneumonic consolidation on chest X-ray in patients. Five patients underwent one staged operation with the result of 2 deaths and one anastomotic leak.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2001

Objectives : There have been several studies documenting the changing level of the conus throughout infancy and childhood, but there is only a little detailed study that documents the range of conus positions in a living adult population, especially in Korean, without spinal deformity. Methods : we made a sequential study of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine to determine the variation in position of the conus medullaris in 650 living korean adults population without spinal deformity who checked MRI to identify the cause of low back pain. The study population consisted of patients over the age of 16 years. A T1-weighted, midline, sagittal image was reviewed for identifying the postion of conus. This location was recorded in relation to the upper, middle, or lower third of the adjacent vertebral body or the adjacent intervertebral disc. Results : The study group consisted of 305 men(47%) and 345 women(53%) with a mean age 45.9 years(range, 16-79 years). The conus existed commonly at the middle third of L1(131cases, 20.2%), at the L1-2 intervertebral space(129cases, 19.8%), and the lower third of L1(123cases, 18.9%). The mean position of conus was the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). Conclusions : The mean position of conus was at the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). This results was same as that of foreign study. Our results of living korean adult population could allow for safe clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, and help to explain the differences among observed neurologic injuries from fracture-dislocation at the thoracolumbar junction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.597-602
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• 2008

Purpose: Presently, silicone rubber is chosen most frequently for nasal augmentation. However, there is a possibility of extrusion with this material. Sometimes, noses are prone to be traumatized, and then silicone rubber has a possibility of deformity or deviation resulting in trauma. We experienced cases with complications and traumatic deformities after the augmentation rhinoplasty. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to determine the characteristics of the implanted nasal silicone prosthesis after trauma. The patients' data such as deviation of implant, shape of fracture, age and sex of the patient, time of treatment, operative methods were reviewed. From March 2001 to March 2008, this study was performed in 30 patients. The patients were 25 females and 5 males, from 24 to 60 years of age, with an average of 42. All patients had previous augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone implant. Results: All of the 30 patients were confirmed as deviation of silicone and nasal bone fractures in the facial bone CT scan. The most common cause of fracture was traffic accident. The classification of nasal trauma after augmentation was done by facial bone CT. Class I: Deviation of silicone without nasal bone fracture without extrusion(12 cases, 40%), Class II: Deviation of silicone without nasal bone fracture and with extrusion(4 cases, 13%), Class III: Deviation of silicone with nasal bone fracture and without extrusion(8 cases, 27%), Class IV: Deviation of silicone with nasal bone fracture and with extrusion(3 cases, 10%), Class V: Mild deviation of silicone with nasal bone fracture(3cases, 3%). Specially, the comminuted or trapezoid nasal fracture was confirmed in 11 cases(Class III, IV). Conclusion: The problems of silicone implant have generally been related to foreign body reactions, rigidity of the material, encapsulation, infections, and extrusion. We experienced 11 cases of comminuted or comminuted trapezoid shaped fracture below nasal implant. So, we think this phenomenon could be used in late problem of silicone implant.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

대전 을지병원 흉부외과에서는 1991년 3월 부터 1994년 11월까지 흉부손상으로 입원한 305명의 환자에 대하여 임상적 고찰을 시행하였다. 연령 분포는 4세 에서 85세까지 다양하였고 가장 흔한 연령층은 30대, 40대, 50대 였다. 남녀의 비율을 보면 남자 환자가 229명에 비해 여자 환자는 76명으로 남녀의 비는 남자에서 많은 빈도를 보였다. 흉부손상의 가장 흔한 원인은 비 관통성 손상에서는 교통사고, 관통성 손상에서는 자상이 제일 많았다. 혈흥, 기흥, 혈 기흥은 전체 환자중 159례 (52.1%)에서 관찰되었고 늑골골절은 236례 (77.4%)에서 관찰되었다 손상 부위별로는 우측이 102례, 좌측이 142례, 양측이 45례로 좌측에서 많았고 가장 흔한 늑골골절은 3번에서 8번까지의 늑골이었다. 수상후 내원시간은 6시간 이내가 155례 (50.8%) 였다. 흉부손상의 초기 합병증 치료의 원칙은 흥강천자술(5례)이나 폐쇄성 흥관 삽관술(142례)에 의한 폐의 신속한 확장이 었으나, 심한 출혈 (13례), 횡격막 파열6례, 이물질 3례 등으로 17례 에서 개흥술을 시행하였다. 부분의 치료방법인 보존적 요법은 140례 (45.9%)에서 시행하였다. 전체 사망률은 2.6% (8례)였고 사망원 括\ulcorner호릅부전과 쇽이었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.921-935
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• 2016

This research analyzed the manual performance of firefighting protective gloves on global markets in order to suggest an evaluation method for firefighting protective gloves wearing comfort. We collected 13 types of firefighting gloves from domestic and international markets (7 types from Korea, 3 types form Europe, 2 types from the U.S and 1 type from Japan). We set the Don-Doff test as a basal requirement for moving toward to further manual performance tests that consist of: ASTM dexterity test, Minnesota dexterity test, Bennett hand tool test and ASTM torque test. All gloves were evaluated in dry and wet conditions, we included eight current male firefighters ($43.4{\pm}7.0yr$ in age, $173.1{\pm}4.4cm$ in height, $79.9{\pm}9.2kg$ in body mass) for the tests. Four gloves (1 Korea, 1 U.S, 1 Germany, and 1 Japan) out of thirteen firefighting gloves passed the Don-Doff test and had great subject preferences. There was no significant difference between dry and wet conditions on the ASTM dexterity test, Minnesota dexterity test, Bennett hand tool test and ASTM torque test. However, Japanese gloves had the greatest score and showed 3-4 times faster completion time on the ASTM dexterity test (p<.05), 1.2-1.5 times faster on the Minnesota dexterity test (p<.05), as fast as the bare hand on Bennett hand tool test (p<.05), and greater performance on the ASTM torque test compared to bare hand. In conclusion, Don-Doff test in wet conditions should be the first step for a mobility evaluation of domestic firefighting protective gloves; subsequently, a comprehensive test assorting ASTM, Minnesota, and Bennett test should be developed as a second step. The current ASTM torque test can be adopted as a third step. This three-step-method for evaluating firefighting protective glove mobility can be expected to expand into surveys of other safety gloves in Korea.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 1998

자동차에 대한 사용자의 욕구 다양화와 개성화가 '차량 꾸미기'로 표출되는 현상이 심화되고, 그에 따른 디자인 측면의 질적 저하와 성능과 기능 측면에서의 안정성에 우려가 발생되고 있다. 한국에 있어서의 튜닝은 관련 법규 및 전문 업의 미비상태와 무절제한 튜니으올 인해 전체적인 조형성과 기능적인 측면이 무시된 덧 대기식 작업이라는 지적과 함께 사회적 문제까지 비화되고 있는 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 커스터마이징을 도입하여 드레스업 용품과 다양한 튜닝 부품을 개발하여 고객 만족에 접근하고 있는 해외 양산 차 메이커와 전문 튜너(tuner)들을 중심으로 튜닝 사례와 드레스 업 용품 류를 차량의 부위별로 고찰해 보았다. 향후 자동차 스타일링의 방향설정에 있어서의 과제는 일반 소비자의 의식이 개인의 특성이 강조된 코디네이션에 대한 개념추구가 더욱 심화될 것이며, 라이프 스타일에 보다 밀착된 형태로의 소비자 니즈의 세련 화는 한층 진전될 것이다. 그 동안 국내 자동차시장의 소비자는 제품디자인을 생사자 중심에서 제시된 틀 안에서 수용하여 왔으나, 생산구조, 사회구조, 산업형태의 변화와 그에 따른 디자인 행위 그리고 디자인 가치의 변화를 초래할 것이다. 그에 따라 메이커와 디자이너는 이러한 환경 구조의 전환을 인지하고 또 다른 가능성을 모색하는 관계로써 상품 이면에 내재한 사회 문화적 의미, 즉 기호의 생산과 소비에 대해 진지하게 성찰할 필요가 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

두 형태 진균은 자연환경이나 배지에 접종하여 실온에($25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$)에서 배양하면 균사체를 형성하는 특성을 가지고 있으며, 체온이나 높은 온도($35{\sim}37^{\circ}C$)에서 배양을 하면 효모형태를 나타나는 특성이 있다. 풍토병 지역에서만 발생하는 이들은 전신감염을 일으키며, 조직이나 기관에 침입하여 심부 진균 증을 일으키는 원인 진균이다. 사람에 감염되는 두 형태 진균은 지금까지 Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Sporothrix schenkii, Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei, Histoplasma capsulatum, 그리고, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 여섯 균종으로 알려져 있다. 지금까지 해외에서 유입되어 국내에 보고된 두 형태 진균은 Coccidioides immitis가 18예, Histoplasma capsulatum이 5예, Blastomyces dermatitidis가 3예, 그리고 Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei 가 4예로 모두 30예의 두 형태 진균이 보고되었다. 유행지역의 방문경험이 없음에도 국내에 발생된 경우는 C. immitis가 3예, H. capsulatum이 2예, B. dermatitidis가 1예, 그리고 Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei 가 1예로 있다. Sporothrix schenkii 를 제외한 모든 두 형태 진균이 국내에서는 발생하지 않고 외국의 특정 국가와 한정된 지역에서만 발생하는 풍토병 원인의 토착 진균이지만, 유행 지역의 여행 경험이나 호발 지역의 이민 거주자들의 귀국과 국내로 유입되는 외국인의 증가 추세를 고려하면 해외유입 감염증의 발생은 점점 증가할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 응급 상황에 대한 아동 부모의 스마트폰을 사용한 교육적 요구도를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 서술적 단면 조사 연구방법을 통해 설문지를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였으며 총 200명의 6 학년 이하 초등학생 자녀를 둔 부모를 대상으로 조사되었다. 자료 수집은 2017 년 10 월 17 일부터 2017 년 10 월 27 일까지 수집되었다. 연구 결과 67.5%의 부모가 아동의 응급 사고로 인해 응급실을 방문했다고 응답하였으며, 이중에서 부모의 74%는 어린이의 긴급 상황에 대처하는 방법을 몰랐다고 응답했다. 교육을 받지 못한 대부분의 부모는 응급 처치에 관한 정보를 얻기 위해 스마트 폰을 사용하고 있다고 응답했다. 부모의 아동 응급상황 대처 교육에 대한 요구도는 4점 만점에 평균 3.40점 (±.42)으로 높은 편이었다. 전체 항목 중에서 교육 요구도는 "이물질기도 폐쇄 및 심폐 소생술 관리" 항목의 평균이 가장 높았다 (3.64점). 본 연구 결과는 아동의 응급 처치에 대한 부모의 교육 요구를 이해하기 위한 기본 정보를 제공하며, 스마트 폰이 부모에게 효과적인 교육 방법 일 수 있음을 보여준다.