• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

Background: In previous studies regarding flexible pes planus, Foot orthosis, special shoes have been used as interventions for correcting malalignment and intrinsic muscles strengthening exercise have been regarded as interventions for foot function and supporting medial longitudinal arch during walking. However, some recent studies reported that strengthening extrinsic muscles as well as intrinsic muscles is more effective and active intervention for flexible pes planus. In particular, the tibialis posterior muscle of foot extrinsic muscles plays essential roles in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch during dynamic weight bearing and balance. In addition this muscle acts longer than other supination muscles during the stance phase in the gait cycle. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle strengthening exercise for plantar pressure and dynamic balance in adults with flexible pes planus. Methods: 16 young flexible pes planus adults (7 males, 9 females) were recruited and were randomized into two groups. The experimental group performed foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle strengthening training, the control group performed only foot intrinsic muscle strengthening training. All groups received strengthening training for 30 minutes five times a week for six weeks. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower plantar pressure of medial heel area than the control group in stand (p<.05). The experimental group had significantly higher dynamic balance ability than control group (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence to suggest that foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle of extrinsic muscle strengthening exercises may improve plantar pressure distribution and dynamic balance ability in adults with flexible pes planus.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of foot strengthening exercise program and functional insoles on joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Thirteen elderly women who were enrolled in a university senior citizens academy of a metropolitan city in 2017 were divided into two groups: exercise group with functional insole (n=7) and exercise group without functional insole (n=6). Method: Three-dimensional motion analysis and Pedar-X were performed to compute the joint angle and the foot plantar pressure, respectively. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to compare dependent variables within and between groups. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The range of motion (ROM) of the ankle, knee, and hip joints in the exercise group with functional insole increased significantly more than the exercise group without functional insole. In both the experimental group and the comparison group, the maximum foot plantar pressure and the mean foot plantar pressure were decreased, but the comparison group without functional insole showed more decrease. Since the experimental group demonstrated greater pressure than the comparison group in the contact area (forefoot, midfoot), it was distributed over a greater area. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that participation in foot strengthening exercises and using a functional insole has more positive effects than foot strengthening exercises alone on the joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Increased foot plantar pressure led to an increased contact area (forefoot, midfoot) for distribution of the foot plantar pressure, but the effect of reducing the maximum and average plantar pressures was incomplete. However, wearing functional insoles along with exercise, could help in improving the stability of the joints, by increasing the range of motion, and could help the elderly in movement of the muscles more effectively, leading to an improvement in gait function.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pressure distribution on the both foots with gluteus medius muscle intensive strengthening exercise in 4week. Methods: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gluteus medius muscles strengthening exercise on the pressure distribution of the foot in 20 healthy adults. Four gluteus medius muscles strengthening exercise programs were conducted three times a week for four weeks. The pressure distribution changed of the right and left foot parts of the experimental group and the control group were measured and analyzed. Results: There was a significant difference in F1, F2, M1, M2, and H1 among the pressure distribution of the right foot of the experimental group (p<.05). There was a significant difference in F1, M1, M2, H1 and H2 among the pressure distributions of the left foot of the experimental group (p<.05). There was a significant difference in H1 among the pressure distribution of the right foot of the control group (p<.05). There was no significant difference in the pressure distribution of the left foot region of the control group (p>.05). There was a significant difference in H1 among the pressure distribution of the right foot between the group (p<.05). There was a significant difference in M2, H1 among the pressure distribution of the left foot between the group (p<.05). Conclusions: In the healthy adults, it was confirmed that the application of the gluteus medius muscles strengthening exercise had an effect on the weight shift during the walking due to the overall foot balance and the pressure distribution change of the foot part.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 편평발을 가진 자를 대상으로 Low-dye 테이핑과 발 내재근육 강화 운동이 한 발 서기 동안 앞정강근, 장딴지근, 긴종아리근의 근육활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대상자는 편평발을 가진 20대 성인 16명이며, Low-dye 테이핑(LTG; n=8) 및 발 내재근육 강화 운동(FSG; n=8) 그룹으로 나누었다. 각 그룹은 해당되는 중재를 주 2회 6주간 실시하였다. 앞정강근, 긴종아리근 및 안쪽 장딴지근의 근육 활성도를 측정하였다. 중재 전·후 근육활성도의 변화를 비교하기 위하여 반복된 이원 배치 분산분석을 실시하였다. 근육활성도 측정 결과, LTG에서는 모든 근육에서 실험 전·후 사이에 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). FSG에서는 실험 전·후 사이에 앞정강근에서만 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 따라서, Low-dye 테이핑과 발 내재근 육강화 운동은 편평발 환자에게 효율적인 하지 근육 활동에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2021

Background: Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common conditions of the lower limbs. The present study aimed to compare the effect of hip muscle strengthening exercise and stretching of lower extremity in plantar fasciitis, with regard to pain, navicular drop and foot and ankle functional ability. Methods: A total of 42 patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=21) that applied the hip muscle strengthening exercise and the control group(n=21) that applied the general lower limb stretching. The intervention period was 6 weeks. Results: The results of the experiment showed that the exercises for strengthening the hip muscle had significant effects on pain, navicular drop and foot and ankle functional ability In addition, lower extremity stretching showed improvement effects in pain, navicular drop and foot and ankle functional ability, however, the difference between the groups except navicular drop did not reach statistical significance Conclusion: Both interventions tested in this study were confirmed to be effective treatment options for patients with plantar fasciitis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5211-5217
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• 2012

본 연구는 발강화 훈련이 유연성 편평발이 동반된 엄지발가락가쪽휨증을 가진 젊은 성인의 엄지발가락가쪽 휨증을 향상하는지에 대하여 평가하였다. 대상자는 총 28명으로 발강화 훈련군(14명)과 대조군(14명)으로 무작위로 나누었다. 8주 훈련 동안 두 군 모두 I.D.W를 착용하였다. 실험군은 발강화 훈련을 8주 동안 주 3회 1회당 20분씩 발강화 훈련을 받았다. 발의 구조와 최대 압력은 엄지발가락 가 쪽 휨 각도, 발허리 뼈의 각도, 발배뼈 높이 변화, 엄지발가락 압력, 2~5번째 발가락 압력, 첫 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 두 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 세 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 네 번째 발허리 뼈 압력, 다섯 번째 발허리 뼈 압력, 중간 발 압력, 안쪽 발뒤꿈치 압력, 바깥쪽 발뒤꿈치 압력에 의하여 평가되었다. 발강화 훈련을 한 군에서 엄지발가락 가 쪽 휨 각도, 1~2 발허리뼈의 각도, 엄지발가락 압력, 첫번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 두 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 세 번째 발 허리뼈 압력, 중간 발에서 구조와 압력이 유의하게 향상되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 발 강화 훈련은 유연성 편평발을 동반한 가쪽발가락휨증을 가진 환자에게 유용하고 적절한 훈련으로 제안할 수 있을 것이다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

본 연구는 보수볼을 이용한 발목 근력 강화 운동과 테이핑이 엄지발가락가쪽휨증 환자의 정적과 동적 발바닥 압력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대상자는 엄지발가락가쪽휨증을 가지고 있는 20대 남녀 26명이며, 테이핑군(Taping group, TG; n=13)과 발목 강화 운동군 (Ankle strengthening group, ASG; n=13)으로 무작위로 배치하였고, 각 군은 총 4주에 걸쳐 해당 중재를 실시하였며, 중재 전과 후에 정적, 동적 발바닥 압력을 측정하였다. 집단 간 변화량의 차이를 알아보기 위해 독립 T검증을 실시하였고, 집단 내의 사전-사후값의 측정값 차이가 유의한지 알아보기 위해 대응표본 T검증을 실시하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 α= .05로 설정하였다. 발의 전체 체중에 대한 비율(Foot)은 왼쪽 발의 ASG가 TG에 비해 집단 내 변화량이 유의하게 감소하였고(p<.05), 발의 표면적(Surface area)에서는 오른쪽 발의 TG가 ASG에 비해 집단 내 변화량이 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 발의 엎침 운동의 정도(MP/change ratio)는 오른발의 TG가 ASG에 비해 집단 내 변화량이 유의하게 감소하였고(p<.05), 발의 힘(Force)에서는 왼발의 TG가 ASG에 비해 집단 내 변화량이 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.05), 집단 간의 변화에서는 TG의 변화량이 ASG의 변화량보다 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 따라서 보수볼을 이용한 발목 강화 운동과 테이핑은 엄지발가락가쪽휨증을 가진 환자에게 효과적인 변화를 주기에는 부족하다고 할 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.569-583
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• 2019

Tubular steel sections are widespread all over the world because of their strength and aesthetic appearance. Tubular steel members may exhibit local buckling such as elephant foot or overall buckling under extreme compression load. Recently, external bonding of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) sheets for strengthening these members has been explored through experimental research. This paper presents three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the structural behavior of strengthening tubular steel members with FRP against local and overall buckling phenomena. Out-of-roundness and out-of-straightness imperfections were introduced to the numerical models to simulate the elephant foot and overall buckling, respectively. The nonlinear analysis preferences such as the integration scheme of the shell elements, the algorithm for solution of nonlinear equations, the loading procedure, the bisection limits for the load increments, and the convergence criteria were set, appropriately enough, to successfully track the sophisticated buckling deformations. The agreement between the results of both the presented FEA and the experimental research was evident. The FEA results demonstrated the power of the presented rigorous FEA in monitoring the plastic strain distribution and the buckling phenomena (initiation and propagation). Consequently, the buckling process was interpreted for each mode (elephant foot and overall) into three sequential stages. Furthermore, the influence of FRP layers on the nonlinear analysis preferences and the results was presented.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

This study was designed to identify the effects of foot position on electromyographic (EMG) activity of the quadriceps femoris during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in standing. Twenty young adults who had not experienced any knee injuries were recruited. Their Q-angles were within a normal range. They were asked to stand in five different foot positions ($40^{\circ}$ externally rotated, $30^{\circ}$ internally rotated, neutral, $20^{\circ}$ plantarflexed, and $10^{\circ}$ dorsiflexed foot position). The EMG activities of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) were recorded in standing by surface electrodes and normalized by MVC EMG values derived from manual muscle test. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC EMG) of muscles in the five foot positions were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. The EMG activity levels of the VL, RF, and VMO were the highest when foot was externally rotated. The EMG activity levels of the VL and RF were significantly different among the foot positions (p<.05). However, EMG activity levels of the VL, RF, VMO, and VMO/VL ratio did not show significant differences in each foot position (p> .05). The results suggest that the quadriceps femoris may be effectively activated by performing MVC at an externally rotated foot position. Therefore, the externally rotated foot position can be considered as an effective foot position for quadriceps femoris strengthening exercise. Further studies are needed to identify whether there are differences in the effects of foot position on muscle strength after MVC exercise of quadriceps femoris in standing.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

Obejectives : Slow-motion strengthening trainings build up muscles better than any other type of training, these exercises focus on balancing and strengthening the muscles in the anatomical center of the body - the core - which includes the back, hip and abdominal muscles. Methods : We had a concept of 'core', and compared core muscles with 12 meridian tendino-musculature based on Thomas Myers' myofascial meridian. Results : It has been suggested that the core muscles correspond to meridians of foot- three Yin and foot- three Yang. The study of core muscles strengthening exercise and movement therapy is requred.